312 research outputs found
Reuse of Neural Modules for General Video Game Playing
A general approach to knowledge transfer is introduced in which an agent
controlled by a neural network adapts how it reuses existing networks as it
learns in a new domain. Networks trained for a new domain can improve their
performance by routing activation selectively through previously learned neural
structure, regardless of how or for what it was learned. A neuroevolution
implementation of this approach is presented with application to
high-dimensional sequential decision-making domains. This approach is more
general than previous approaches to neural transfer for reinforcement learning.
It is domain-agnostic and requires no prior assumptions about the nature of
task relatedness or mappings. The method is analyzed in a stochastic version of
the Arcade Learning Environment, demonstrating that it improves performance in
some of the more complex Atari 2600 games, and that the success of transfer can
be predicted based on a high-level characterization of game dynamics.Comment: Accepted at AAAI 1
ViZDoom: DRQN with Prioritized Experience Replay, Double-Q Learning, & Snapshot Ensembling
ViZDoom is a robust, first-person shooter reinforcement learning environment,
characterized by a significant degree of latent state information. In this
paper, double-Q learning and prioritized experience replay methods are tested
under a certain ViZDoom combat scenario using a competitive deep recurrent
Q-network (DRQN) architecture. In addition, an ensembling technique known as
snapshot ensembling is employed using a specific annealed learning rate to
observe differences in ensembling efficacy under these two methods. Annealed
learning rates are important in general to the training of deep neural network
models, as they shake up the status-quo and counter a model's tending towards
local optima. While both variants show performance exceeding those of built-in
AI agents of the game, the known stabilizing effects of double-Q learning are
illustrated, and priority experience replay is again validated in its
usefulness by showing immediate results early on in agent development, with the
caveat that value overestimation is accelerated in this case. In addition, some
unique behaviors are observed to develop for priority experience replay (PER)
and double-Q (DDQ) variants, and snapshot ensembling of both PER and DDQ proves
a valuable method for improving performance of the ViZDoom Marine.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
LIN28A expression reduces sickling of cultured human erythrocytes
Induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has therapeutic importance for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and the beta-thalassemias. It was recently reported that increased expression of LIN28 proteins or decreased expression of its target let-7 miRNAs enhances HbF levels in cultured primary human erythroblasts from adult healthy donors. Here LIN28A effects were studied further using erythrocytes cultured from peripheral blood progenitor cells of pediatric subjects with SCD. Transgenic expression of LIN28A was accomplished by lentiviral transduction in CD34(+) sickle cells cultivated ex vivo in serum-free medium. LIN28A over-expression (LIN28A-OE) increased HbF, reduced beta (sickle)-globin, and strongly suppressed all members of the let-7 family of miRNAs. LIN28A-OE did not affect erythroblast differentiation or prevent enucleation, but it significantly reduced or ameliorated the sickling morphologies of the enucleated erythrocytes
European canine lymphoma network consensus recommendations for reporting flow cytometry in canine hematopoietic neoplasms
BACKGROUND:
Flow cytometry (FC) is assuming increasing importance in diagnosis in veterinary oncology. The European Canine Lymphoma Network (ECLN) is an international cooperation of different institutions working on canine lymphoma diagnosis and therapy. The ECLN panel of experts on FC has defined the issue of reporting FC on canine lymphoma and leukemia as their first hot topic, since a standardized report that includes all the important information is still lacking in veterinary medicine.
METHODS:
The flow cytometry panel of the ECLN started a consensus initiative using the Delphi approach. Clinicians were considered the main target of FC reports. A panel of experts in FC was interrogated about the important information needed from a report.
RESULTS:
Using the feedback from clinicians and subsequent discussion, a list of information to be included in the report was made, with four different levels of recommendation. The final report should include both a quantitative part and a qualitative or descriptive part with interpretation of the salient results. Other items discussed included the necessity of reporting data regarding the quality of samples, use of absolute numbers of positive cells, cutoff values, the intensity of fluorescence, and possible aberrant patterns of antigen expression useful from a clinical point of view.
CONCLUSION:
The consensus initiative is a first step towards standardization of diagnostic approach to canine hematopoietic neoplasms among different institutions and countries. This harmonization will improve communication and patient care and also facilitate the multicenter studies necessary to further our knowledge of canine hematopoietic neoplasms
Automated pattern-guided principal component analysis vs expert-based immunophenotypic classification of B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders: a step forward in the standardization of clinical immunophenotyping
Immunophenotypic characterization of B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPD) is becoming increasingly complex due to usage of progressively larger panels of reagents and a high number of World Health Organization (WHO) entities. Typically, data analysis is performed separately for each stained aliquot of a sample; subsequently, an expert interprets the overall immunophenotypic profile (IP) of neoplastic B-cells and assigns it to specific diagnostic categories. We constructed a principal component analysis (PCA)-based tool to guide immunophenotypic classification of B-CLPD. Three reference groups of immunophenotypic data files—B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL; n=10), mantle cell (MCL; n=10) and follicular lymphomas (FL; n=10)—were built. Subsequently, each of the 175 cases studied was evaluated and assigned to either one of the three reference groups or to none of them (other B-CLPD). Most cases (89%) were correctly assigned to their corresponding WHO diagnostic group with overall positive and negative predictive values of 89 and 96%, respectively. The efficiency of the PCA-based approach was particularly high among typical B-CLL, MCL and FL vs other B-CLPD cases. In summary, PCA-guided immunophenotypic classification of B-CLPD is a promising tool for standardized interpretation of tumor IP, their classification into well-defined entities and comprehensive evaluation of antibody panels
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