Intentions and Cooperative Activity:Explaining Cooperation in Light of Bratman’s Notion of Shared Intention

This paper focuses on one of the major controversies about the explana-tion of collective action. The discussion revolves around the possibility of ascribing intentions to groups, understanding these intentions as distinct from the mere sum of group members’ individual intentions. In the literature on this subject we can identify two main lines of explanation of collective inten-tions: one that reduces group intentions to the sum of individual intentions and another that appeals, through a variety of strategies, to some kind of plu-ral subject or collective consciousness. Based on the notion of shared inten-tion, Michael Bratman has offered an interesting and successful alternative to both views. My goal is to present and analyse that notion of shared intention, explaining why it is interesting to consider Bratman’s proposa

Freedom of expression, offense and religion

Este artículo analiza algunas confusiones que constituyen parte del trasfondo de los conflictos entre libertad de expresión y religión a los que hace referencia el informe del Consejo de Europa “Living Together: Combining Diversity and Freedom in 21st-century”. Una primera parte considera las limitaciones del principio del daño y de la ofensa y los problemas del lenguaje de la ofensa. En una segunda parte se distinguen dos planos de debate acerca de la libertad de expresión. Confundirlos dificulta la defensa de la libertad de expresión ante las exigencias de mayor limitación de la mismaThis paper discusses confusions that make up some of the background of the conflict between freedom of expression and religion mentioned in the European Council's report "Living Together: Combining Diversity and Freedom in the 21st-century." The first part considers the difficulties of Mill´s harm principle and Feinberg´s offense principle, and underlines some problems of the language of offense. A second part identifies two levels of debate about freedom of expression. Confusing these two levels makes it difficult to defend freedom of expression against the demands of more restrictions against i

Los sentidos de la responsabilidad: un concepto central en la ética de la comunicación

Este trabajo analiza la noción de responsabilidad, distinguiendo sus múltiples sentidos, y trata de aclarar de qué modo debe entenderse el concepto de responsabilidad en el contexto de las éticas profesionales, centrándose en la ética de la comunicación. Para ello, muestra los múltiples sentidos del término “responsabilidad”. A continuación, distingue y clasifica todos esos usos a la luz del análisis que H. L. A. Hart realiza del concepto de responsabilidad, especificando cuál de esos sentidos es el central en la ética de la comunicación. Por último, amplía ese sentido de responsabilidad con la noción de derecho-responsabilidad propuesta por J. Waldron.This paper discusses the notion of responsibility, distinguishing the different senses of the word, and tries to explain how we should understand the use of the concept of responsibility in the context of professional ethics, focusing on communication ethics. First, the paper explores the multiple meanings of the word "responsibility". Then, it distinguishes and classifies all such uses in the light of H. L. A. Hart’s analysis of the concept of responsibility, specifying which of these meanings is central to communication ethics. Finally, the paper completes the analysis of Hart giving an account of the notion of right-responsibility recently proposed by Jeremy Waldron

Flapping states of an el astically anchored wing in a uniform flow

Linear stability analysis of an elastically anchored wing in a uniform flow is investigated both analytically and numerically. The analytical formulation explicitly takes into account the effect of the wake on the wing by means of Theodorsen's theory. Three different parameters non-trivially rule the observed dynamics: mass density ratio between wing and fluid, spring elastic constant and distance between the wing center of mass and the spring anchor point on the wing. We found relationships between these parameters which rule the transition between stable equilibrium and fluttering. The shape of the resulting marginal curve has been successfully verified by high Reynolds number direct numerical simulations. Our findings are of interest in applications related to energy harvesting by fluid-structure interaction, a problem which has recently attracted a great deal of attention. The main aim in that context is to identify the optimal physical/geometrical system configuration leading to large sustained motion, which is the source of energy we aim to extract.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, submitted to J. Fluid. Mec

Analysis of Radiation-induced Cross Domain Errors in TMR Architectures on SRAM-based FPGAs

SRAM-Based FPGAs represent a low-cost alternative to ASIC device thanks to their high performance and design flexibility. In particular, for aerospace and avionics application fields, SRAM-based FPGAs are increasingly adopted for their configurability features making them a viable solution for long-time applications. However, these fields are characterized by a radiation environment that makes the technology extremely sensitive to radiation-induced Single Event Upsets (SEUs) in the SRAM-based FPGA’s configuration memory. Configuration scrubbing and Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) have been widely adopted in order to cope with SEU effects. However, modern FPGA devices are characterized by a heterogeneous routing resource distribution and a complex configuration memory mapping causing an increasing sensitivity to Cross Domain Errors affecting the TMR structure. In this paper we developed a new methodology to calculate the reliability of TMR architecture considering the intrinsic characteristics of the new generation of SRAM-based FPGAs. The method includes the analysis of the configuration bit sharing phenomena and of the routing long lines. We experimentally evaluate the method of various benchmark circuits evaluating the Mean Upset To Failure (MUTF). Finally, we used the results of the developed method to implement an improved design achieving 29x improvement of the MUTF

Panico! La potenza di una epifania musicale. Alcune considerazioni fra sacro e profano

Il termine panico e il concetto a cui la parola fa riferimento possono vantare delle radici che affondano nella cultura greca di età classica e pre-classica. Se il panico assume i tratti di una paura irrazionale ed improvvisa, la sua precisa definizione appare tuttavia difficile da cogliere: nella letteratura classica e nella successiva produzione ellenistica, il panico si caratterizza come un fenomeno psicologico legato alla guerra, alle battaglie sia terrestri che navali, che si declina in un crollo psicologico di massa. Un aspetto, quello della pluralità, che non si ritrova nella definizione ad oggi adottata del panico. A complicare il quadro, i Greci riconoscevano un legame tra il “panico” come fe-nomeno psicologico ed il dio Pan, una divinità altrimenti “pacifica” e legata a vari aspetti del mondo agro-pastorale.Il presente contributo si propone di analizzare le origini del concetto di “panico” ed il suo sviluppo storico attraverso le testimonianze degli autori antichi, cercando in particolare di cogliere il panico nella sua originale accezione psicologica e di comprenderne la proiezione sul piano mitico.The word “panic” and its implied concepts are deeply rooted in the Greek culture of classical and pre-classical times. Generally intended as a sudden and irrational fear, its definition appears to be blurred: in Classical and Hellenistic literature, “panic” appears to be generally linked to battles and warfare and strongly characterized as a mass psychological breakdown, a peculiar trait that is absent in its contemporary definition. Furthermore, ancient Greeks linked panic to the god Pan, the musical patron of shepherds and hunters, as well as the mythic inhabitant of the wild spaces of nature. The article aims to analyse the origins and the development of this concept through its use by ancient authors, bringing back the concept to its unique psychological di-mension and proposing a theoretical model to understand its mythical projection

Panico! La potenza di una epifania musicale. Alcune considerazioni fra sacro e profano

Il termine panico e il concetto a cui la parola fa riferimento possono vantare delle radici che affondano nella cultura greca di età classica e pre-classica. Se il panico assume i tratti di una paura irrazionale ed improvvisa, la sua precisa definizione appare tuttavia difficile da cogliere: nella letteratura classica e nella successiva produzione ellenistica, il panico si caratterizza come un fenomeno psicologico legato alla guerra, alle battaglie sia terrestri che navali, che si declina in un crollo psicologico di massa. Un aspetto, quello della pluralità, che non si ritrova nella definizione ad oggi adottata del panico.A complicare il quadro, i Greci riconoscevano un legame tra il “panico” come fenomeno psicologico ed il dio Pan, una divinità altrimenti “pacifica” e legata a vari aspetti del mondo agro-pastorale.Il presente contributo si propone di analizzare le origini del concetto di “panico” ed il suo sviluppo storico attraverso le testimonianze degli autori antichi, cercando in particolare di cogliere il panico nella sua originale accezione psicologica e di comprenderne la proiezione sul piano mitico.  The word “panic” and its implied concepts are deeply rooted in the Greek culture of classical and pre-classical times. Generally intended as a sudden and irrational fear, its definition appears to be blurred: in Classical and Hellenistic literature, “panic” appears to be generally linked to battles and warfare and strongly characterized as a mass psychological breakdown, a peculiar trait that is absent in its contemporary definition.Furthermore, ancient Greeks linked panic to the god Pan, the musical patron of shepherds and hunters, as well as the mythic inhabitant of the wild spaces of nature.The article aims to analyse the origins and the development of this concept through its use by ancient authors, bringing back the concept to its unique psychological dimension and proposing a theoretical model to understand its mythical projection

fluttering energy harvester for autonomous powering flehap aeroelastic characterisation and preliminary performance evaluation

Abstract Significant efforts are being devoted in order to develop efficient and reliable energy harvesters based on interactions between structures and environmental fluid flows such as wind or marine currents. In this framework, a fully-passive energy harvester of centimetric size employing an elastically bounded wing has been developed. The system exploits the coupled-mode flutter, leading in certain conditions to finite amplitude and self-sustained oscillations. Electrical output power levels up to 15[mW] have been reached by an experimental prototype within a wind range between 2 and 5 [m/s] by means of electromagnetic coupling as the conversion strategy. Focusing on the aeroelastic point of view, it is crucial to investigate how the kinematics (i.e. flapping amplitude and frequency, phase between the pitch and plunge motion DoFs) varies with the main parameters (e.g. wind velocity and wing geometry), in order to identify the optimal conditions for potential harvesting. With this goal in mind, we present and discuss the results for a representative configuration of the device (first without the extraction mechanism), exploring the behavior within the design wind range, combining wind-tunnel experiments, three-dimensional CFD simulations and the development of a quasi-steady phenomenological model. We find that both the amplitude and the frequency of the flapping motion are maximised for a certain wind velocity. Moreover, the phase between pitch and plunge changes abruptly when close to this condition. Hence, we estimate the mechanical power that the wing is able to collect and the Betz efficiency, e.g. the ratio between the latter and the power available in the flow. The mathematical model is then enriched by additional terms mimicking an electrical resistive circuit and predictions are made regarding the extracted power and global efficiency of the system, showing the presence of optimal conditions for which these quantities are maximised. Finally, we outline future challenges in the harvester development towards a realistic deployment

Bibliografía de José Rubio Carracedo

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Impact-driven effects in thin-film growth: steering and transient mobility at the Ag(110) surface

Low-energy atomic impacts on the Ag(110) surface are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations based on reliable many-body semiempirical potentials. Trajectory deflections (steering) caused by the atom-surface interaction are observed, together with impact-following, transient-mobility effects. Such processes are quantitatively analysed and their dependence on the initial kinetic energy and on the impinging direction is discussed. A clear influence of the surface anisotropy on both steering and transient mobility effects is revealed by our simulations for the simple isolated-atom case and in the submonolayer-growth regime. For the latter case, we illustrate how steering and transient mobility affect the film morphology at the nanoscale.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure