Structure de la croute terrestre en Algerie d'après les ondes sisiuiques

It has been tried to exploit in the best ways all data ofthe algerian shocks till 1969 using the various documents and publicationsfound in the Seismological Center of Algiers. Various methods used for thenear shocks ( < 700 km) first and for the farther events later, show that:— The velocities are: Pg = 5,55 km/s, Sg = 3,22 km/s, Pn = 7,77 km/s,Sn = 4,32 km/s at least for the smaller distances; these velocities, relativelylittle, become greater for distances above 800 km, which means certainlya great increase of velocity in the upper mantle.— There is no significant variations of velocity between the regionsof Algiers and Sótif.— The algerian shocks are shallow: most of them have a depth lessthan 15 km

The Desegregation of a Historically Black High School in Jacksonville, Florida

This historical study examines the desegregation of a historically African- American high school during the period between 1965-1975. The Mims v. The Duval County School Board (1971) decision brought about radical changes in the operation of the Duval County Public Schools. The mass transfer of teachers and reassignment of students as a result of the federal judge\u27s order in this case resulted in a school system that was dramatically different from the one that previously existed. The author seeks to determine why the desegregation of William Raines High School was short-lived and questions the continued effort of the school system to desegregate this school. The author conducted a multi-faceted investigation to answer the research questions. Following a case study approach, both archival and oral data were collected and examined. Focused interviews were conducted with former William Raines High School students, faculty and parents. In addition, written documents and local newspaper accounts were studied. The oral interviews support and expand the findings of the archival documents. The findings of the study indicate that the history and traditions at William Raines High School are founded on a strong sense of pride and identity. However, changes in the school over time have resulted in a school that has lost its focus on academic excellence. In order for lasting desegregation to take place, substantive changes will be required. The pride that was the school\u27s legacy must be restored. Excellence in all aspects of school life should be the overarching goal. PALMM

The Single Supervisory Mechanism Regulation: Questions of ne bis in idem and implications for the further integration of the system of fundamental rights protection in the EU

This article discusses the enforcement framework of Regulation No. 1024/2013 (the Single Supervisory Mechanism Regulation, or 'SSMR') in light of the potential ne bis in idem situations which may arise, both in the interaction between the different modes and instruments of enforcement available to the European Central Bank (ECB) and National Competent Authorities (NCAs) under the SSMR, as well as in relation to national laws. 1 Shared enforcement of the rules for credit institutions under the SSMR transcends the familiar legal divide between the EU and the Member States, and the division of tasks and competences between national and EU authorities that is characteristic of EU law. The question raised here is whether the integrated enforcement architecture of the SSMR is matched by a sufficiently integrated system of fundamental rights protection in the EU, as viewed through the 'lens' of the ne bis in idem principle

Laser collimation of an atomic gallium beam

The linear-perpendicular-linear polarization gradient technique was used for investigating laser collimation of a gallium atomic beam in one dimension. The full angular divergence of the atomic beam was reduced to 0.3 mrad by operating on a particular electron transition at 294.45 nm. The transverse velocity of the atoms was reduced to 11 cm/s, which was about half of the Doppler cooling limit. The one-dimensional kinetic energy of atoms was reduced to 6 neV. The transition state exhibited optical pumping of the atoms by the cooling laser

Rwanda Dairy Competitiveness Program II: Efficiency gains in dairy production systems decrease GHG emission intensity

The Rwanda Dairy Competitiveness Program II (RDCP) was estimated to have resulted in a strong decrease in the GHG emissions intensity of milk production, defined as the GHG emissions per unit (liter) of milk produced. Extensive cattle production systems reduced their GHG emission intensity by an estimated - 4.11 tCO2e per 1000 l of milk (-60%), while intensive production systems reduced their intensity by an estimated -1.7 tCO2e/1000 l (- 47%). The decrease in GHG emission intensity is evidence that RDCP made the value chain more efficient and sustainable in climate change mitigation terms. RDCP’s productivity-oriented interventions increased livestock herd size and cow weight. As a consequence, total annual GHG emissions in the project area increased by an estimated 18,980 tCO2e due to increased herd size and 34,904 tCO2e due to increased cow weight, when compared to business-as-usual practices. This represents a 12 percent increase in GHG emissions. The increase in milk output was proportionally much larger than the associated increase in GHG emissions. This increase in the efficiency of dairy production systems was the basis for a transformation to more sustainable production patterns in intensive and extensive dairy systems

Agricultural Development and Value Chain Enhancement Activity II in Ghana: Climate change mitigation co-benefits from sustainable intensification of maize, soybean, and rice

An analysis of the potential climate change mitigation impact of the project entitled Agricultural Development and Value Chain Enhancement Activity II (ADVANCE II) in Ghana shows that an approximate reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 100% will be possible. When project targets are achieved, ADVANCE II will transform the project area from a low net source of GHG emissions to roughly carbon neutrality. * ADVANCE II is estimated to achieve moderate GHG mitigation benefits that are driven by soil management improvements (-9,223 tCO2e/yr), crop residue burning reductions (-4,249 tCO2e/yr), and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of irrigated rice (-858 tCO2e/yr). The moderate increase in fertilizer and pesticide use supported by the project leads to small increases in GHG emissions (1,244 tCO2e/yr and 2,514 tCO2e/yr respectively). ADVANCE II provides important benefits for low emission development (LED) by significantly reducing the crop GHG emission intensity (GHG emissions per unit of production). This is achieved mainly through strong growth in agricultural productivity and reductions in postharvest losses

Resilience and Economic Growth in Arid Lands - Accelerated Growth in Kenya: Mitigation co-benefits of herd size and feed quality management

The agricultural development project Resilience and Economic Growth in Arid Lands – Accelerated Growth (REGAL-AG) has promoted improved livestock management that resulted in a decrease in net emissions of 10%. Since emissions from livestock account for the majority of Kenya’s agricultural emissions (95%), reduction of emissions in the livestock sector has high potential impact. REGAL-AG’s interventions have sought to improve links between livestock producers and buyers, to boost producer access to critical inputs, and to increase availability of timely market information, which resulted in a decrease in slaughter age for all livestock types. REGAL- AG anticipated that these dynamics, coupled with the program outreach activities, could result in a 10% decrease in herd size, which drives the greater share of emission reductions. Increases in productivity (50–67%) and decreases in absolute emissions (-10%) that resulted from REGAL-AG’s interventions decreased the emission intensity 33-40% (emissions per unit production) for all livestock types

The ne bis in idem principle in EU law : a conceptual and jurisprudential analysis

Enhanced cooperation in police and judicial matters within the EU gives rise to instances in which several Member States are liable to prosecute the same subject in respect of the same act. Within the common judicial area that is developing in the EU, a uniform ‘European’ ne bis in idem rule is a necessary instrument for the regulation of transnational justice. However, several differently worded ne bis in idem provisions are found in a number of instruments which exist within the framework of the Council of Europe or within that of the EU. The differences between these provisions could lead to confusion and conflict, potentially jeopardizing the uniform application of the ne bis in idem principle in EU law. The purpose of this study is to further clarify the substance, scope and interpretation of ne bis in idem as a single, autonomous principle within the legal order of the EU, by way of a conceptual and jurisprudential analysis. Particular attention is given to those areas of Community and EU law in which the application of the ne bis in idem principle is of particular relevance: the law of the Third Pillar of the EU and EC competition law.The progression of EU law: Accommodating change and upholding value

Chanje Lavi Plantè in Haiti: Hillside soil conservation as a measure to increase yields and sequester carbon in Haiti

Analysis of the potential mitigation impacts of the agricultural development project Chanje Lavi Plantè in Haiti indicated that large amounts of carbon sequestration could be achieved through reforestation and perennial crop expansion. The project’s strategy for watershed and landscape restoration links investments in profitable orchard systems with hillside stabilization. Reforestation of watersheds (–478,828 tCO2e/yr) and perennial crop expansion (– 230,854 tCO2e/yr), drive 98% of the project’s sizable climate change mitigation co-benefits that are foreseen under successful project implementation. Chanje Lavi Plantè’s reduction in postharvest loss contribute to the reduced GHG emission intensity of cropping systems (GHG emissions per unit of production). Interventions are estimated to reduce postharvest loss substantially in these value chains: plantain (– 53%), maize (–47%), rice (–44%), beans (–50%) and mango (–35%). The investments made by the project in irrigation infrastructure, terracing, and forest plantations aim to increase financial revenues of beneficiaries and reinforce the lasting provision of ecosystem services