46 research outputs found

    Cin茅tica y estructura microbiana de las bacterias del ciclo del nitr贸geno de la rizosfera de un humedal natural contaminado con cromo

    Get PDF
    En el manuscrito se describe la estructura y composici贸n microbiana de un lodo de un humedal natural y sus conductas cin茅ticas de la nitrificaci贸n, desnitrificaci贸n y anammox, en presencia y ausencia de cromoWetlands have been considered a feasible technology for wastewater treatment in the last decades; however, information on the kinetics and microbial structure of nitrogen cycle bacteria involved on the rhizosphere activity of natural wetlands polluted with chromium is still scarce. The goal was to evaluate the kinetic behavior of nitrification, denitrification, and ANAMMOX on rhizosphere sludge, with and without chromium, through batch cultures, as well as the microbial structure using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The microbial sludge was able to nitrify (3.8 卤 0.2 mg NO3--N/gVSS-h) and carry out the ANAMMOX (0.67 卤 0.05 mg NH4+-N/gVSS-h), however, denitrifying activity was not observed. Chromium inhibited the nitrifying process, and the IC50 obtained for the nitrifying activity was of 7.9 mg CrVI/L. ANAMMOX activity was stopped in the presence of chromium, even to the lowest chromium concentration tested. Recovery cultures showed that ANAMMOX bacteria suffered some damage by chromium presence since they required more than 5 days to recover the activity. Microbial results indicated that Xanthomonadaceae (17.17%), Ignavibacteriaceae (16.52%), Trueperaceae (10.66%) and Chitinophagaceae (10.06%) dominated in the microbial sludge, whereas Nitrosomonas and Planctomycetaceae were in lesser proportion. This research improves the understanding of bacteria behavior on natural wetlands polluted with metals

    Tratamiento de un agua residual industrial por digesti贸n anaerobia empleando un calentador solar como energ铆a renovable para el control de temperaturar

    Get PDF
    Las energ铆as limpias son las 煤nicas energ铆as renovables capaces de reemplazar el uso de los combustibles f贸siles. El uso de las energ铆as limpias en las Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales disminuye los costos de operaci贸n. En el presente trabajo,un calentador solar se emple贸 para controlar la temperatura de un reactor UASB con el prop贸sito de depurar un agua residual industrial compleja por digesti贸n anaerobia. El reactor se oper贸 con tres temperaturas (16, 20 y 30 潞C), 11 g DQO/L-d y un TRH de 6 h. Adem谩s, se evalu贸 el efecto de un co-sustrato en la degradaci贸n de la DQO, en cultivos lote. En el estado estacionario,las eficiencias de remoci贸n de la DQO fueron de 8.6, 20 y 40%, para las temperaturas de 16, 20 y 30 潞C, respectivamente. El incremento de la temperatura mejor贸 la producci贸n de metano, alcanzando 257卤8.6 ml CH4/g DQO removida. La adici贸n de 200 y 400 mg glucosa/L en cultivos lote mejoraron las eficiencias de remoci贸n y la tasa de consumo de la DQO. Finalmente, un calentador solar podr铆a ser una tecnolog铆a factible para controlar la temperatura de un reactor UASB y mejorar la eficiencia de degradaci贸n de la materia org谩nica

    Treatment of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) effluent by an activated sludge system: the role of sulphide and thiosulphate in the process

    Full text link
    This work studies the use of a well-known and spread activated sludge system (UCT configuration) to treat the effluent of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) treating domestic waste-water. Ammonia, phosphate, dissolved methane and sulphide concentrations in the SAnMBR effluent were around 55 mg NH4-N L-1, 7 mg PO4-P L-1, 30 mg non-methane biodegradable COD L-1, and 105 mg S2- L-1 respectively. The results showed a nitrification inhibition caused by the presence of sulphur compounds at any of the solids retention time (SRT) studied (15,20 and 25 days). This inhibition could be overcome increasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 13 to 26 h. Among the sulphur compounds, sulphide was identified as the substance which caused the nitrification inhibition. When the nitrification was well established, removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of 56% and 45% were reached respectively. The sulphide present in the influent was completely oxidised to sulphate, contributing this oxidation to the denitrification process. Moreover, the presence of methanotrophic bacteria, detected by FISH technique, could also contribute to the denitrification. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research project has been supported by Ministry of Science and Innovation (project CTM2011-28595-C02-01/02) and University of Valencia (precompetitive project UV-INV-AE11-40539) which is gratefully acknowledged.S谩nchez Ram铆rez, JE.; Seco Torrecillas, A.; Ferrer, J.; Bouzas Blanco, A.; Garc铆a Usach, MF. (2015). Treatment of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) effluent by an activated sludge system: the role of sulphide and thiosulphate in the process. Journal of Environmental Management. 147:213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.04.043S21321814

    Sistema acuap贸nico con humedal subsuperficial para producci贸n de carpa (Cyprinus carpio L.), fresa (Fragaria x ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) y canola (Brassica napus L.)

    Get PDF
    Objective: a greenhouse pilot aquaponic system was installed, operated, and evaluated to produce carps-strawberry-canola. Design / methodology / approach: the proposed aquaponics system was made of 4 modules: 1) module for the production of carp (Cyprinus Carpio comunis), 2) hydroponic module, deep flow type for the production of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) used to feed the carps, 3) hydroponic module for the strawberry production (Fragaria 脳 ananassa), 4) hydroponic module with substrate (medium gravel) for the canola production (Brassica napus). The carps (Cyprinus carpio) had an average weight of 0.92 g at the beginning of the study (July 2018), the density was 500 carps/ 0.7 m3 of water. From September to December, a sample of 5% was taken to quantify their growth (length and weight) employing a Vernier, and a triple beam balance (OHAUS庐). The carps were fed only with duckweed (Lemna minor L.). The carps were fed daily with 1.5% of duckweed as fresh matter concerning the average live weight of the 500 carps. Module 2 had an area of ??0.26 m2. The dry matter of duckweed was quantified using a PVC cylinder that had an area of ??0.010 m2, and then the fresh sample was weighed and dried at 105潞 C until constant weight. Module 3 (0.42 m2) had 23 plants in a vegetative state, the growth of 5 plants was evaluated by measuring the size of the root (cm), the height of the plant (cm), the length and width of the leaves (cm) and the foliar area (cm2). Module 4 had 0.42 m2, canola seed was sown at a density of 1.2 g/m2 that represented 185 seedlings. The growth of 9 plants was evaluated by measuring the same variables of strawberry plants. Results: in module 1, an average weight per carp of 17.7 g was obtained, representing an average weight increase of 16.8 g in the period from September to December. Module 2 produced 12 kg of duckweed in a fresh basis with 5.6% of dry matter. duckweed production was maintained using the nutrients from the effluent of module 1. In module 3, it was observed that strawberry plants presented an increase of 2.5 g in the fresh weight, 1 cm in root size, 0.9 cm in plant height, 0.2 cm in leaf length, 0.2 cm in leaf width and 0.4 cm2 in the leaf area. In module 4, there was an increase of 8.1 g in plant height, 0.2 cm in the leaf length, 0.2 cm in the leaf width and 0.1 cm2 in the leaf area. Limitations of the study/ implications: for the canola crop, only results of the vegetative growth were reported. For the carps, only three months were reported. However, there was evidence of the feasibility of the system. Findings/ Conclusions: an aquaponic system was installed, operated, and evaluated to produce carps-strawberry-canola. The duckweed was the only source of dry matter for carps. The effluent from the carp module provided nutrients for strawberry growth, bearing fruits of the right color. Canola plants developed adequately, although they had a purple color on the leaves, indicating a possible phosphorus deficiency.Objetivo: se instal贸, opero y evalu贸 un sistema acuap贸nico piloto bajo invernadero para la producci贸n de carpa-fresa-canola utilizando lenteja de agua como 煤nica fuente de alimento. Dise帽o/metodolog铆a/aproximaci贸n: el sistema acuap贸nico propuesto consisti贸 en 4 m贸dulos: 1) m贸dulo para la producci贸n de carpa (Cyprinus Carpio comunis), 2) m贸dulo hidrop贸nico tipo flujo profundo para la producci贸n de lenteja de agua (Lemna minor L.) que se utiliz贸 para alimentar a las carpas, 3) m贸dulo hidrop贸nico tipo ra铆z flotante para el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria 脳 ananassa), 4) m贸dulo hidrop贸nico con sustrato (grava media) para el cultivo de canola (Brassica napus). En el m贸dulo 1 se crio carpa (Cyprinus carpio) con peso promedio inicial de 0.92 g, a una densidad de 500 peces/0.7 m3 de agua en el mes de julio de 2018. De septiembre a diciembre del mismo a帽o se tom贸 una muestra del 5% de la poblaci贸n para medir su crecimiento (longitud y peso) empleando un vernier de campo, y se obtuvo el peso (g) por carpa con una balanza granataria. Las carpas se alimentaron solamente con lenteja de agua (Lemna minor L.), se les ofreci贸 1.5% de peso fresco de Lemna con respecto al peso promedio de las 500 carpas. El m贸dulo 2 tuvo un 谩rea de 0.26 m2, se cuantifico la producci贸n de materia seca de la lenteja de agua mediante un cilindro de PVC con un 谩rea de 0.010 m2, la muestra fresca se pes贸 al momento del muestreo y posteriormente se sec贸 a 105潞 C hasta peso constante. En el m贸dulo 3 de 0.42 m2 se cultivaron 23 plantas de fresa en estado vegetativo, se monitore贸 el crecimiento de 5 plantas mediante la medici贸n del tama帽o de la ra铆z (cm), la altura de la planta (cm), el largo y ancho de las hojas (cm) y el 谩rea foliar. El m贸dulo 4 tuvo una superficie de 0.42 m2, se sembr贸 semilla de canola a una densidad de 1.2 g/m2 que represent贸 185 pl谩ntulas. Se monitorio el crecimiento de 9 plantas y se evaluaron las mismas variables para las plantas de fresa.   Resultados: en el m贸dulo 1 se obtuvo un peso promedio por carpa de 17.7 g representando un incremento de peso promedio de 16.8 g en el periodo de septiembre a diciembre. En el m贸dulo 2 se produjo 12 kg de lenteja de agua fresca en un 谩rea de 0.26 m2 con 5.6% de materia seca. La producci贸n de lenteja de agua se mantuvo utilizando los nutrientes del efluente del m贸dulo 1. En el m贸dulo 3 se observ贸 que las plantas de fresa se adaptaron al sistema hidrop贸nico tipo ra铆z flotante. En promedio se cuantifico un incremento de 2.5 g en el peso fresco de la planta, 1 cm en el tama帽o de ra铆z, 0.9 cm en la altura de planta, 0.2 cm en el largo de hoja, 0.2 cm en el ancho de hoja y 0.4 cm2 en el 谩rea foliar. En el m贸dulo 4 se cuantifico en promedio un incremento de 8.1 g en la altura de planta, 0.2 cm en el largo de hoja, 0.2 cm en el ancho hoja y 0.1 cm en el 谩rea foliar. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: se reportan resultados del crecimiento vegetativo para la canola, para las carpas solamente se reporta el crecimiento en tres meses, no obstante, se muestra evidencia de la factibilidad del sistema. Hallazgos/conclusiones: se instal贸, oper贸 y evalu贸 un sistema acuap贸nico recirculante para la producci贸n de carpa-fresa-canola. La lenteja de agua funcion贸 como la 煤nica fuente de alimento para el crecimiento de la carpa. El efluente del m贸dulo carpa proporcion贸 nutrientes para el crecimiento de la fresa, dando frutos de buen color. Las plantas de canola se desarrollaron adecuadamente, aunque presentaron un color purpura en las hojas, lo que indic贸 una posible deficiencia de fosforo

    SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales

    No full text
    Durante los primeros meses de confinamiento por la pandemia debido al coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 se cre贸 una ola de informaci贸n sobre sus v铆as de propagaci贸n, y entre ellas cobr贸 relevancia la teor铆a sobre su presencia en las aguas residuales. En este texto se presentan algunos estudios al respecto, cuya conclusi贸n es que el virus en aguas residuales no representa un riesgo de infecci贸n

    Sistema FAHUS para el saneamiento de canales contaminados

    No full text
    En M茅xico hay un alto porcentaje de aguas residuales que se descargan sin un tratamiento previo; ello impacta negativamente en el ecosistema acu谩tico y en la salud p煤blica. Las tecnolog铆as anaerobias son sistemas integrales y sostenibles para el saneamiento de estas aguas, por lo que se debe promover su uso. En este texto se propone un sistema denominado FAHUS (Filtro Anaerobio-Humedal Subsuperficial) que cumple con las caracter铆sticas de sostenibilidad necesarias

    Anammox activity of sludge coming from wetland monocots (typha sp.): kinetic study actividad anammox

    No full text
    The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) activity was evaluated using sludge obtained from the rhizome of Typha sp., found in a natural wetland localized in the J麓ose Antonio 麓 Alzate dam, Toluca Valley,Mexico. Five NO2 -N concentrations (15, 30, 50, 70 and 100 mg/L) were evaluated and the ammonium remained constant at 100 10 mg N/L. All cultures presented a lag phase in the ammonium consumption. Nevertheless, after the phase lag the ammonium oxidation was linked to nitrite reduction, producing N2. The nitrite consumption eciencies for the concentrations evaluated from 15 to 50 mg/L of NO2 -N were above 95%, while the ammonium consumption eciency increased from 14 to 48%. In experiments with 70 and 100 mg/L of NO2 -N, nitrite consumption eciencies were 74 and 58% respectively. The higher nitrite concentrations tested inhibited the anammox process since the specific rates diminished at 0.51 and 0.44 mg NO2-N/g VSS d respectively. This study provides new and useful information about the anammox activity in sludges coming from wetlands, and these can be used as potential inoculum to treat wastewaters into anammox reactors, or in constructed wetlands
    corecore