Transonic flutter calculations using the Euler equations

In transonic flutter problems where shock motion plays an important part, it is believed that accurate predictions of the flutter boundaries will require the use of codes based on the Euler equations. Only Euler codes can obtain the correct shock location and shock strength, and the crucially important shock excursion amplitude and phase lag. The present study is based on the finite volume scheme developed by Jameson and Venkatakrishnan for the 2-D unsteady Euler equations. The equations are solved in integral form on a moving grid. The variable are pressure, density, Cartesian velocity components, and total energy

Children's Constitutional Right to Respect for Family Life in Norway: Words or Real Effect?

Children`s right to respect for family life is widely recognised in Norwegian law. The specific provision on children’s human rights in the Norwegian Constitution, section 104, mentions family. In addition, section 102 states that everyone, including children, have a right to respect for private and family life. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc) and the European Convention on Human Rights (echr), in article 8, have strongly influenced both provisions. The crc and the echr are both incorporated into Norwegian law, and both have a semi-constitutional status, since they take precedence over conflicting domestic legislative provisions.1 Children’s right to respect for family life is recognised both at a constitutional and a semi-constitutional level. In many specific aspects, domestic statutory law also recognises children’s rights in this context. The aim of this chapter is to introduce and discuss some questions concerning the protection of children’s right to respect for family life in Norway. To do this, I will first give a brief overview of some of the legislative protection given. Thereafter, the main objective is to examine whether the constitutional reform in 2014 strengthened the protection children already had through semi-constitutional and domestic statutory law, and to examine whether children’s right to family life is given proper attention both in the legislation and case law. I will examine some aspects regarding the establishment of family, children in post-divorce families and children in foster care. Finally, I will discuss the approach the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has assumed in two recent cases concerning children’s right to family life in Norway. The aim is not to discuss the notion of family, the protection of family life in general, nor the potential tension between the right to family life versus the right to privacy and private life

PENERAPAN METODE PERMAINAN KARTU KATA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS KALIMAT SEDERHANA SISWA KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR

Penelitian ini meneliti tentang penerapan Metode Permainan Kartu Kata untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis kalimat sederhana siswa kelas II Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan dalam penerapan Metode Permainan Kartu Kata untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis kalimat sederhana siswa kelas II Sekolah Dasar, dan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peningkatan kemampuan menulis kalimat sederhana siswa dengan menerapkan Metode Permainan Kartu Kata. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan rendahnya kemampuan menulis kalimat sederhana siswa, hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil pretest. Hasil pretest siswa menunjukkan 72,42% siswa belum dapat menulis kalimat sederhana dengan baik dan benar, dan nilai siswa tidak mencapai nilai KKM yang ditetapkan sekolah yaitu 72, rata-rata nilai siswa pada hasil pretest yaitu 56,97. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian Kemmis dan Taggart dengan langkah-langkah perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata kemampuan menulis kalimat sederhana siswa adalah 75,83 dengan presentase ketuntasan belajar 55,17%. Pada siklus II nilai rata-rata kemampuan menulis kalimat sederhana siswa adalah 86,9 dengan ketuntasan belajar 89,65%. Berdasarkan temuan dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan diterapkannya Metode Permainan Kartu Kata, dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis kalimat sederhana siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis merekomendasikan untuk guru, Metode Permainan Kartu dapat dijadikan sebagai metode yang diterapkan oleh guru dalam upaya meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa. ; This study examines the Application Of Word Game Card Methods to Improve The Ability to Write Simple Sentence at Elementary School Second Grade Students. This study aims to describe the implementation in the application of word game card methods to improve the ability of students to write simple sentences and to know how big an increase in the ability to write simple sentences students by applying the word game card methods. This research is motivated by lack of writing skills students in the simple sentence, this is evidenced by the results of the pretest. The results showed 72.42% of students have not been able to write a sentence properly, and the value of students do not reach the KKM that prevail in school of 72, the average value of students is 56.97. This study uses Kemmis and Taggart research model. With the steps of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This research was conducted in two cycles. In first cycle, the average value of students' writing ability is 72.83 with the percentage of mastery learning is 55.17%. In the second cycle, the average value of students’ writing skills are 86.9 with mastery learning is 89.65%. Based on the findings and discussion can be concluded that with the implementation of word game card methods, can improve the ability of students to write simple sentences. Based on the results of research, researcher recommend to teachers, word game card methods can be used as the methods applied by teachers in an effort to improve students' writing skill

Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulations of Transonic Flutter Instabilities

This paper presents an overview of recent applications of Eulerian-Lagrangian computational schemes in simulating transonic flutter instabilities. This approach, the fluid-structure system is treated as a single continuum dynamics problem, by switching from an Eulerian to a Lagrangian formulation at the fluid-structure boundary. This computational approach effectively eliminates the phase integration errors associated with previous methods, where the fluid and structure are integrated sequentially using different schemes. The formulation is based on Hamilton's Principle in mixed coordinates, and both finite volume and finite element discretization schemes are considered. Results from numerical simulations of transonic flutter instabilities are presented for isolated wings, thin panels, and turbomachinery blades. The results suggest that the method is capable of reproducing the energy exchange between the fluid and the structure with significantly less error than existing methods. Localized flutter modes and panel flutter modes involving traveling waves can also be simulated effectively with no a priori knowledge of the type of instability involved

CNDO Calculations On The Structure Of A Liquid Sodium Carboxylate-carboxylic Acid Compound

The molecular interactions in a carboxylic acid/sodium carboxylate compound which is a liquid at room temperature were calculated using a CNDO/2 approach. The calculations gave results distinguishing the energy for different conformations in the molecular compound. The maximum binding energy was found for a structure in which the four acids were bridging with a hydrogen bond from the acid OH group to the carboxylate group and the acid carbonyl groups forming a ligand bond to the carboxylate sodium ion. © 1979 Academic Press, Inc