Relationships between Digital Reading Motivation, Turkish Lesson Attitude, Reading Anxiety and Reading Comprehension of Fourth Grade Primary School Students

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between reading anxiety, digital reading motivation, Turkish lesson attitude and reading comprehension levels of fourth grade primary school students. The design of the research is relational research model. The study group consists of 123 students studying in the fourth grade of primary school. Digital reading motivation scale, reading anxiety scale, Turkish lesson attitude scale and reading comprehension tests were used as data collection tools. SPSS 26 program was used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the research; there is a significant negative relationship between reading anxiety and reading comprehension and a significant positive relationship between Turkish lesson attitude and digital reading motivation. There is no significant relationship between Turkish lesson attitude and reading comprehension and between digital reading motivation and reading comprehension. Relational analyses can be expanded by studying the psychological factors that affect students’ reading with different study groups. Thus, arrangements can be made to improve students’ reading regardless of grade level

ADSORPTION OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS: A COMPARISON OF SUPERFINE POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON WITH POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON

In literature, manufacturer-supplied powdered activated carbon has been ground to produce submicron particles with mean diameter lower than 1µm for use as an adsorbent during water treatment. Superfine powdered activated carbon (SPAC) can be used for removal of natural organic matter as well as synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) from water. It has been suggested that SPAC has higher adsorption capacity than powdered activated carbon (PAC) due to larger external surface area and mesopore volume. Another advantage of SPAC over PAC is the faster uptake rate for both NOM and SOC during adsorption owing to small particle size. Therefore, understanding SPAC adsorption capacity and kinetics on NOM and SOC is crucial for future studies and usage of it. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) understand the impact of crushing on carbon characteristics; (ii) investigate the SPAC adsorption capacity and rate for selected SOCs in distilled and deionized water (DDW) and natural waters from Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and compare with PAC adsorption; (iii) evaluate adsorption mechanism of four SOCs, phenanthrene (PNT), atrazine (ATZ) , carbamazepine (CMZ) and 2-phenylphenol (2PP), with different properties planarity, polarity, and hydrogen/electron donor/acceptor ability on SPAC and PAC. One commercial PAC and its SPAC form created using a special mill were used in the study. Isotherm and kinetic experiments were performed in five different waters: DDW, diluted Edisto raw river (DOC=4mg/L), diluted Myrtle Beach raw waters (DOC=4mg/L and 10 mg/L) and Myrtle Beach treated (after conventional treatment) water (DOC=4 mg/L). One week and six hours contact times were used for the isotherm and kinetic experiments. First, the role of carbon characteristics on the adsorption was examined. The characterization of SPAC and PAC samples showed that the crushing process caused some changes in the pore volume distribution and surface acidity of the activated carbon. After pulverization, the pore volume distribution was mainly formed by mesopore and macropore region rather than micropore region. Carbon blending caused an increase of iron, nitrogen and oxygen content. The oxidation of surfaces and pHPZC values were decreased. Then, the SPAC and PAC adsorption capacity and rate for selected SOCs in distilled and deionized water (DDW) and natural waters from Myrtle Beach were investigated. The isotherm results showed that all PAC adsorption capacities were higher than SPAC. However for adsorption kinetics, SPAC exhibited faster uptakes for PNT, ATZ and CMZ in all background solution than PAC did. On the other hand, SPAC was not advantageous for 2PP compared to PAC in both DDW and natural waters. That may result from multiple factors: (i) higher solubility of 2 PP, (ii) the larger third dimension as compared to other molecules, and (iii) the presence of an electron donating (-OH) group on its structure, which makes the molecule slightly negative charge and cause the deduction in interaction with SPAC whose surface is slightly higher negatively charged. The presence of NOM had a small impact on the adsorption rates of four SOCs by SPAC during the first six hours contact time. The difference in the NOM characteristics (MB raw SUVA254=4.4 and MB treated SUVA254=2.1, Edisto SUVA254=2) and NOM concentrations (4 mg/L vs. 10 mg/L) did not significantly impact the adsorption rates. The only exception was observed for atrazine. In summary, these findings indicated that the advantage of using SPAC over PAC at the short contact time can be compound specific; on the other hand, SPAC loses its advantages for small molecular weight compounds at equilibrium condition

INVESTIGATION OF READING FLUENCY AND READING COMPREHENSION LEVELS OF FOURTH-GRADE SYRIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study aimed to examine the fluency and comprehension levels of fourth-grade Syrian students in a public school in Konya. The research design employed a relational survey approach, with a sample size of 47 students. The study analyzed the students' reading fluency components, which included accurate reading, reading speed (automaticity), and prosody, across three text types: narrative, informative, and poetic. Additionally, the students' reading comprehension abilities were assessed across these three text types. The students' reading performances were videotaped and their responses to reading comprehension questions were audio-recorded. Upon analysis of the data, it was revealed that the Syrian students' accurate reading percentages was generally at the level of free and improvable reading. The lowest percentage being in poetic text. The majority of the students' reading speeds were below 100 words per minute in all three text types. Their prosodic scores were mostly at the worrying reading level in narrative text and improvable reading level in informative and poetic text types. The students' reading comprehension scores were low, with the highest scores in narrative text and the lowest in informative text. The study found a low positive correlation between reading comprehension and accurate reading and a high positive correlation between reading comprehension and reading speed and prosody. Therefore, the students' low reading speed and prosody skills were found to be the causes of their low reading comprehension levels

Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder in children

Childhood and adolescence are crucial times for the development of a healthy skeletal and cardiovascular system. Disordered mineral and bone metabolism accompany chronic kidney disease (CKD) and present significant obstacles to optimal bone strength, final adult height, and cardiovascular health. Decreased activity of renal 1 alpha hydroxylase results in decreased intestinal calcium absorption, increased serum parathyroid hormone levels, and high-turnover renal osteodystrophy, with subsequent growth failure. Simultaneously, phosphorus retention exacerbates secondary hyperparathyroidism, and elevated levels contribute to cardiovascular disease. Treatment of hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism improves growth and high-turnover bone disease. However, target ranges for serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels vary according to stage of CKD. Since over-treatment may result in adynamic bone disease, growth failure, hypercalcemia, and progression of cardiovascular calcifications, therapy must be carefully adjusted to maintain optimal serum biochemical parameters according to stage of CKD. Newer therapeutic agents, including calcium-free phosphate binding agents and new vitamin D analogues, effectively suppress serum PTH levels while limiting intestinal calcium absorption and may provide future therapeutic alternatives for children with CKD

White and minority employee reactions to perceived discrimination at work: Evidence of White fragility?

Building on the notion of “White fragility,” this study aims to explore how Whites react and cope with perceived discrimination at work. Specifically, the authors explore whether: (1) Whites react more negatively than minorities when they perceive discrimination at work and (2) Whites are more likely than minorities to restore the status quo by leaving the situation when they perceive discrimination at work. Data for this study were obtained from the Professional Worker Career Experience Survey. In total, 527 working professionals from multiple organizations across the central USA participated in the survey. The authors find evidence that Whites experience more negative psychological effects (i.e. lower job satisfaction and higher work stress) from perceived discrimination than minority employees and are more likely to act to restore conditions of privilege by leaving their current job and employer. The stronger negative effects of perceived discrimination for Whites (vs minorities) were restricted to work outcomes (job satisfaction, work stress, turnover intentions from one\u27s employer) and were not evident with respect to perceptions of overall well-being (i.e. life satisfaction), suggesting that White fragility may play a particularly influential role in work settings, wherein racial stress may be more readily activated.Consistent with the notion of White fragility, the study’s results demonstrate that the deleterious impact of perceived discrimination on employee work outcomes may, in some cases, be stronger for White than minority employees

Hydrogen emissions from the hydrogen value chain-emissions profile and impact to global warming

Future energy systems could rely on hydrogen (H2) to achieve decarbonisation and net-zero goals. In a similar energy landscape to natural gas, H2 emissions occur along the supply chain. It has been studied how current gas infrastructure can support H2, but there is little known about how H2 emissions affect global warming as an indirect greenhouse gas. In this work, we have estimated for the first time the potential emission profiles (g CO2eq/MJ H2,HHV) of H2 supply chains, and found that the emission rates of H2 from H2 supply chains and methane from natural gas supply are comparable, but the impact on global warming is much lower based on current estimates. This study also demonstrates the critical importance of establishing mobile H2 emission monitoring and reducing the uncertainty of short-lived H2 climate forcing so as to clearly address H2 emissions for net-zero strategies

Design of a tunable multi-band differential LC VCO using 0.35 mu m SiGe BiCMOS technology for multi-standard wireless communication systems

In this paper, an integrated 2.2-5.7GHz multi-band differential LC VCO for multi-standard wireless communication systems was designed utilizing 0.35 mu m SiGe BiCMOS technology. The topology, which combines the switching inductors and capacitors together in the same circuit, is a novel approach for wideband VCOs. Based on the post-layout simulation results, the VCO can be tuned using a DC voltage of 0 to 3.3 V for 5 different frequency bands (2.27-2.51 GHz, 2.48-2.78 GHz, 3.22-3.53 GHz, 3.48-3.91 GHz and 4.528-5.7 GHz) with a maximum bandwidth of 1.36 GHz and a minimum bandwidth of 300 MHz. The designed and simulated VCO can generate a differential output power between 0.992 and -6.087 dBm with an average power consumption of 44.21 mW including the buffers. The average second and third harmonics level were obtained as -37.21 and -47.6 dBm, respectively. The phase noise between -110.45 and -122.5 dBc/Hz, that was simulated at 1 MHz offset, can be obtained through the frequency of interest. Additionally, the figure of merit (FOM), that includes all important parameters such as the phase noise, the power consumption and the ratio of the operating frequency to the offset frequency, is between -176.48 and -181.16 and comparable or better than the ones with the other current VCOs. The main advantage of this study in comparison with the other VCOs, is covering 5 frequency bands starting from 2.27 up to 5.76 GHz without FOM and area abandonment. Output power of the fundamental frequency changes between -6.087 and 0.992 dBm, depending on the bias conditions (operating bands). Based on the post-layout simulation results, the core VCO circuit draws a current between 2.4-6.3 mA and between 11.4 and 15.3 mA with the buffer circuit from 3.3 V supply. The circuit occupies an area of 1.477 mm(2) on Si substrate, including DC, digital and RF pads

Correlated Binomial Models and Correlation Structures

We discuss a general method to construct correlated binomial distributions by imposing several consistent relations on the joint probability function. We obtain self-consistency relations for the conditional correlations and conditional probabilities. The beta-binomial distribution is derived by a strong symmetric assumption on the conditional correlations. Our derivation clarifies the 'correlation' structure of the beta-binomial distribution. It is also possible to study the correlation structures of other probability distributions of exchangeable (homogeneous) correlated Bernoulli random variables. We study some distribution functions and discuss their behaviors in terms of their correlation structures.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Low-to-Medium Power Single Chip Digital Controlled DC-DC Regulator for Point-of-Load Applications

A DC-DC converter for generating a DC output voltage includes: a digitally controlled pulse width modulator (DPWM) for controlling a switching power stage to supply a varying voltage to an inductor; and a digital voltage feedback circuit for controlling the DPWM in accordance with a feedback voltage corresponding to the DC output voltage, the digital voltage feedback circuit including: a first voltage controlled oscillator for converting the feedback voltage into a first frequency signal and to supply the first frequency signal to a first frequency discriminator; a second voltage controlled oscillator for converting a reference voltage into a second frequency signal and to supply the second frequency signal to a second frequency discriminator; a digital comparator for comparing digital outputs of the first and second frequency discriminators and for outputting a digital feedback signal; and a controller for controlling the DPWM in accordance with the digital feedback signal

Profile of cytokines, growth factors and chemokines during attacks of FMF

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