Apologétique et philosophie : Pascal lu par les philosophes. Bilan

Henri Gouhier est sans conteste celui à qui l’on doit remonter pour réfléchir sur le déploiement des études pascaliennes en philosophie des vingt dernières années. Il s’agit bien d’un déploiement, dû au fait que les philosophes se sont enfin approprié la pensée de Pascal. Le paradoxe est que Henri Gouhier a toujours soutenu la thèse d’un Pascal non philosophe : selon lui, Pascal intéresse assurément la philosophie, mais on ne peut pas dire qu’il soit lui-même philosophe, car il ne s’est pas v..

La théologie dans le schème pascalien des « raisons des effets »

Les commentateurs de Pascal ont remarqué que la théologie, qui constitue, dans l’Entretien avec M. de Sacy, le point à partir duquel on articule en les jugeant les deux positions philosophiques à la fois antagonistes et solidaires d’Épictète et de Montaigne, fait elle-même l’objet, dans les Écrits sur la grâce, d’une schématisation analogue, puisque c’est à partir de la position théologique augustinienne qu’on articule et qu’on juge désormais pareillement les deux positions théologiques à la ..

Comment interpréter le fragment Lafuma 786 des Pensées ?

Je voudrais proposer ici une interprétation du fragment Lafuma 786 des Pensées, qui n’a cessé d’intriguer les commentateurs et qui les a tous jetés dans l’embarras. Voici le texte : « S’il y a jamais un temps auquel on doive faire profession des deux contraires c’est quand on reproche qu’on en omet un ; donc les jésuites et les jansénistes ont tort en les celant, mais les jansénistes plus, car les jésuites en ont mieux fait profession des deux. » Dans l’ensemble, la critique a cherché une exp..

Effects of copper fungicide spraying on volatile thiols of the varietal aroma of Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines

In a three-year experiment, the effect of pre-veraison copper sprayings of vines on must composition and some volatile thiols contributing to the varietal aroma of Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines was studied in comparison with folpet sprayings in the Bordeaux winegrowing region. The readivity of copper residues with thiols, mainly during the alcoholic fermentation, had a dramatic effect on the concentration of 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one and 3-mercaptohexanol in wines. However, copper sprayings, preferentially on the foliage, did not significantly increase copper residues in must; thiol concentrations in wines were very close to those found in wines obtained from vines sprayed with folpet. Therefore, this mode of spraying can be used to avoid the effects of copper treatment at veraison on the volatile thiols of the wines varietal aroma.

Volatile sulphur compounds composition of monovarietal white wines

The sulphur compounds composition of wines produced experimentally from six white cultivars (Alvarinho, Loureiro, Trajadura, Pedernã, Azal Branco and Avesso) was evaluated during two consecutive vintages. Results show that wines could be differentiated according to their sulphur compounds content. In general, Loureiro, Trajadura and Pedernã cultivars led to wines with low concentrations of sulphur compounds; however, Loureiro wines were characterised by significant amounts of dimethyl sulphone, whereas Trajadura wines possessed a high content of 3-(methylthio)propyl acetate and 4-(methylthio)-1-butanol. Alvarinho and Avesso wines showed high levels of S-methyl thioacetate, 3-mercapto-1-propanol, 3-(ethylthio)-1-propanol and 3-methylthiopropionic acid. Significant amounts of 2-methyltetrahydrothiophen-3-one, cis- and trans-2-methyltetrahydrothiophen-3-ol were also found in Avesso wines. Azal Branco wines were low in 3-(methylthio)propyl acetate and 2-(methylthio)ethanol, and high contents in S-methyl thioacetate, 3-mercapto-1-propanol and 2-mercaptoethanol. A linear discriminant analysis of sulphur compounds levels showed a differentiation of wines according to their varietal origin.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Transcriptomic analysis of the late stages of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) berry ripening reveals significant induction of ethylene signaling and flavor pathways in the skin

Background: Grapevine berry, a nonclimacteric fruit, has three developmental stages; the last one is when berrycolor and sugar increase. Flavors derived from terpenoid and fatty acid metabolism develop at the very end of thisripening stage. The transcriptomic response of pulp and skin of Cabernet Sauvignon berries in the late stages ofripening between 22 and 37 \ub0Brix was assessed using whole-genome micorarrays.Results: The transcript abundance of approximately 18,000 genes changed with \ub0Brix and tissue type. There were alarge number of changes in many gene ontology (GO) categories involving metabolism, signaling and abioticstress. GO categories reflecting tissue differences were overrepresented in photosynthesis, isoprenoid metabolismand pigment biosynthesis. Detailed analysis of the interaction of the skin and pulp with \ub0Brix revealed that therewere statistically significantly higher abundances of transcripts changing with \ub0Brix in the skin that were involved inethylene signaling, isoprenoid and fatty acid metabolism. Many transcripts were peaking around known optimalfruit stages for flavor production. The transcript abundance of approximately two-thirds of the AP2/ERF superfamilyof transcription factors changed during these developmental stages. The transcript abundance of a unique clade ofERF6-type transcription factors had the largest changes in the skin and clustered with genes involved in ethylene,senescence, and fruit flavor production including ACC oxidase, terpene synthases, and lipoxygenases. The transcriptabundance of important transcription factors involved in fruit ripening was also higher in the skin.Conclusions: A detailed analysis of the transcriptome dynamics during late stages of ripening of grapevine berriesrevealed that these berries went through massive transcriptional changes in gene ontology categories involvingchemical signaling and metabolism in both the pulp and skin, particularly in the skin. Changes in the transcriptabundance of genes involved in the ethylene signaling pathway of this nonclimacteric fruit were statisticallysignificant in the late stages of ripening when the production of transcripts for important flavor and aroma compoundswere at their highest. Ethylene transcription factors known to play a role in leaf senescence also appear to play a role infruit senescence. Ethylene may play a bigger role than previously thought in this non-climacteric fruit

Quand la critique se fait modèle

Bouchilloux Hélène. Quand la critique se fait modèle. In: Raison présente, n°59, 3e trimestre 1981. Enfant antique et pédagogie classique. pp. 89-95

John Locke : raison et foi

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La genèse de l’amour-propre

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