Things that don't come by the road: Folktales, fosterage, and memories of slavery in the Cameroon grassfields

Copyright @ 2010 Cambridge University Pres

Two-photon finite-pulse model for resonant transitions in attosecond experiments

We present an analytical model capable of describing two-photon ionization of atoms with attosecond pulses in the presence of intermediate and final isolated autoionizing states. The model is based on the finite-pulse formulation of second-order time-dependent perturbation theory. It approximates the intermediate and final states with Fano's theory for resonant continua, and it depends on a small set of atomic parameters that can either be obtained from separate \emph{ab initio} calculations, or be extracted from few selected experiments. We use the model to compute the two-photon resonant photoelectron spectrum of helium below the N=2 threshold for the RABITT (Reconstruction of Attosecond Beating by Interference of Two-photon Transitions) pump-probe scheme, in which an XUV attosecond pulse train is used in association to a weak IR probe, obtaining results in quantitative agreement with those from accurate \emph{ab initio} simulations. In particular, we show that: i) Use of finite pulses results in a homogeneous red shift of the RABITT beating frequency, as well as a resonant modulation of the beating frequency in proximity of intermediate autoionizing states; ii) The phase of resonant two-photon amplitudes generally experiences a continuous excursion as a function of the intermediate detuning, with either zero or $2\pi$ overall variation.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure

Modulation of attosecond beating in resonant two-photon ionization

We present a theoretical study of the photoelectron attosecond beating at the basis of RABBIT (Reconstruction of Attosecond Beating By Interference of Two-photon transitions) in the presence of autoionizing states. We show that, as a harmonic traverses a resonance, its sidebands exhibit a peaked phase shift as well as a modulation of the beating frequency itself. Furthermore, the beating between two resonant paths persists even when the pump and the probe pulses do not overlap, thus providing a sensitive non-holographic interferometric means to reconstruct coherent metastable wave packets. We characterize these phenomena quantitatively with a general finite-pulse analytical model that accounts for the effect of both intermediate and final resonances on two-photon processes, at a negligible computational cost. The model predictions are in excellent agreement with those of accurate ab initio calculations for the helium atom in the region of the N=2 doubly excited states

Ionization and transient absorption control with a resonant attosecond clock

Metastable states are important actors in the ionisation of atoms and molecules. Sub-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses can coherently populate several transiently bound states at once, thus starting the attosecond clocks which are required to monitor and control ultrafast electronic evolution above the ionisation threshold. Here we illustrate, from a theoretical point of view, the effects coherent superpositions of 1 P o doubly excited states in the helium atom have on channel-resolved photoelectron spectra as well as on the transient absorption spectrum of the atom in the extreme ultraviolet region, when they are created by a single-attosecond pulse in the presence of a strong few-cycle near-infrared/visible pulse which acts as a probe. Interference fringes varying rapidly with the pump-probe time delay are visible in both photoelectron and transient absorption spectra. From such fringes, the wave packet itself can conceivably be reconstructed. Conversely, all observables are modulated by the characteristic beating periods of the wave packet, so that control of partial ionisation yields, branching ratios, and light absorption or amplification can be achievedThe research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement No 290853, the European COST Actions CM0702 and CM1204, the ERA-Chemistry project No PIM2010EEC-00751, the Marie Curie ITN CORINF, and the MICINN projects No.s FIS2010-15127 and CSD 2007-00010 (Spain

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POST ISLAMISM BETWEEN PARTAI KEADILAN SEJAHTERA (PKS) WITH ADALET VE KALKINMA PARTISI (AKP)

After the Arab Spring, political Islam was initially expected to contribute significantly to political developmentand democracy. In fact, it is far from expectations. The Islamist group failed to adapt to the democratic system,the conflict with the long-lasting secular group finally invited the military to intervene. While in other partsof the world two Muslim-majority countries, Indonesia and Turkey, political Islam can adapt to the valuesof western democracy. This paper is a comparative study of political parties that compare post Islamismbetween PKS (Indonesia) and AKP (Turkey). Two political parties that successfully adapt to liberalism. Thereare two dimensions of post Islamism compared. First, a comparison of pragmatic steps that PKS and AKPmake when facing a complex political reality. Second, the comparison of non-ideological strategies pursuedby PKS and AKP, when facing national elections. In this research used descriptive qualitative method throughthe literature data, that is data arranged in the form of documents related to the problem under investigation.Like books, newspapers, articles, and journals. Based on this research can be known that the step of politicalpragmatism conducted by PKS and AKP is a rational choice, when there is a shift in voter behavior ofIndonesia and when facing Kemalist secularist group in Turkey. The non-ideological strategy is carried outby PKS and AKP by campaigning on substantive issues, not discouraging the establishment of an Islamicstate (shariah formalism) with a focus on issues related to economic welfare and integration to the EU

Aristotle’s Metaphysics Z from the Standpoint of a Theory of Definition

This thesis is about the problems and the arguments presented in book Z of Aristotle’s Metaphysics. In Z, Aristotle sets out an enquiry into the first genus of entities: substance. The solution is meant to contribute to the foundation of metaphysics. I suggest that metaphysics is conceived to be a demonstrative science and Z is the enquiry to establish its principle by answering what substance is. Accordingly, the most promising way to engage with Z is to establish a correspondence between substance and definition. Substance is the entity that grounds the existence of the other entities just as a definition is the statement that grounds the demonstrations conducted in a science. Chapter One and Chapter Two outline a theory of definition for my discussion of Z. In the light of the logical works, I argue that Z’s enquiry is concerned with two issues about substance: primacy and unity. Chapter Three and Four are concerned with the primacy of substance. My contention is that Z.4-11 develops a formalist essentialism that is designed to ensure the primacy of substance. If substance is defined as essence and identified with form, then substance turns out to be primary. Chapter Five and Six are concerned with the unity of substance. My contention is that the difficulties raised in Z.13-14 lead to the failure of the enquiry. There is no way to ensure the unity of substance and thus to define it; consequently there is no way to establish the principle of metaphysics. This does not mean that Z fails to contribute to the foundation of the science of being. Its results enable the enquirer to give a derivative definition of some objects of metaphysics: sensible substances. In order to accomplish the project, the enquiry has to focus on some suprasensible substance, whose definition will posit the immediate principle of the totality of entities

IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN MENTRI KESEHATAN NOMOR 82 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PENANGGULANGAN PENYAKIT MENULAR DEMAM BERDARAH DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG (Studi Kasus di Puskesmas Karawang Kulon dan Puskesmas Nagasari)

 AbstrakDiantara faktor dalam melihat kesuksesan  kebijakan  publik  adalah  kesehatan.  Sampai saat ini, salah  satu  problem  kesehatan  yang  masih   menjadi  persoalan  di   Indonesia adalah penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). DBD adalah penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh infeksi virus Dengue dan  ditularkan  melalui  gigitan   nyamuk  aedes  aegypti.  Pemerintah  Kabupaten  Karawang dalam hal ini Dinas Kesehatan telah melakukan berbagai hal dalam menanggulangi  penyakit  ini, namun  masih  ditemukan   beberapa  kekurangan diantaranya rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit DBD, khususnya di  Kecamatan Karawang Barat yang direpresentasikan dari Puskesmas Karawang Kulon dan Puskesmas Nagasari. Fokus penelitian  ini dimulai pada tahun 2019 – 2020 dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pendekatan kualitatif.  Teknik   pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini  menggunakan  teori  proses implementasi kebijakan menurut Rondinelli dengan empat variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja suatu program, yakni (1) kondisi lingkungan; (2) hubungan antar organisasi; (3) sumberdaya organisasi; (4) karakteristik dan kapabilitas instansi pelaksana..Berdasarkan fakta di lapangan menunjukkan  bahwa  dalam  implementasi  program penanggulangan  penyakit DBD di Kecamatan Karawang Barat secara umum sudah optimal, namun ada beberapa yang masih terdapat kendala khususnya diindikator sumber daya organisasi, seperti kurangnya petugas khusus untuk melakukan sosialisasi pencegahan Demam Berdarah di daerah tersebut dan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kebersihan lingkungan sekitar.Kata Kunci : Implementasi Program, Kebijakan Publik, Demam Berdarah  AbstractAmong the factors in seeing the success of public policy is health. Until now, one of the health problems that is still a problem in Indonesia is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). DHF is a disease caused by dengue virus infection and is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The Karawang Regency Government, in this case the Health Office, has done various things in tackling this disease, but there are still some shortcomings, including low public awareness about the importance of preventing and overcoming DHF, especially in West Karawang District, which is represented by the Karawang Kulon Health Center and Nagasari Health Center. The focus of this research began in 2019 – 2020 using descriptive methods and qualitative approaches. Data collection techniques were carried out by library research, interviews, observations, and documentation. Based on the facts on the ground, it shows that the implementation of the DHF disease control program in West Karawang District is generally optimal, but there are still some obstacles, especially indicators of organizational resources, such as the lack of special officers to disseminate dengue prevention in the area and lack of awareness. community about the cleanliness of the surrounding environment.Keywords : Program Implementation, Public Policy, Dengue Homorrhagis Fever

The Multi-Configurational Hartree-Fock close-coupling ansatz: application to Argon photoionization cross section and delays

We present a robust, ab initio method for addressing atom-light interactions and apply it to photoionization of argon. We use a close-coupling ansatz constructed on a multi-configurational Hartree-Fock description of localized states and B-spline expansions of the electron radial wave functions. In this implementation, the general many-electron problem can be tackled thanks to the use of the ATSP2K libraries [CPC 176 (2007) 559]. In the present contribution, we combine this method with exterior complex scaling, thereby allowing for the computation of the complex partial amplitudes that encode the whole dynamics of the photoionization process. The method is validated on the 3s3p6np series of resonances converging to the 3s extraction. Then, it is used for computing the energy dependent differential atomic delay between 3p and 3s photoemission, and agreement is found with the measurements of Gu\'enot et al. [PRA 85 (2012) 053424]. The effect of the presence of resonances in the one-photon spectrum on photoionization delay measurements is studied.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 4 table

Facing Emergencies: Design Strategies

Some of nowadays problems have, due to general misunderstanding, been relegated out of our thoughts, as if they concerned us only remotely. One of these is the relationship between architecture – architectural design – and emergencies. But can the world of designers still find itself almost unprepared, as if taken by surprise, for a phenomenon that involves tens of millions of persons? Each year, due to earthquakes, war and emergencies of various kinds, temporary camps are set up all over the world, facilities which often turn out to be anything but temporary. Emergencies can no longer, in fact, be considered extraordinary, linked to uncommon, unforeseen and unpredictable events. Starting from these key considerations, the proposed essay – part of a research project on the subject of emergency housing conducted by professors of Architectural Composition at the DICEA, Faculty of Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome – will argue that, on the contrary, emergencies are very often predictable, manageable, and subject to planning aimed at reducing to a minimum the hardship of the people involved. Analyzing selected fast, economical, comfortable, repeatable but versatile, solid, and last but not least, urbanistically, architecturally and aesthetically valid proposals dealing with emergencies, the authors outline a strategy focused on considering emergency housing an experimental topic of architecture, highly oriented toward finding an indispensable synthesis between structural researches, technical issues and the configuration of space The essay deals with the subject of combining different materials – traditional (bamboo), innovative (teflon, polypropylene), recycled (containers) or usally considered inappropriate for construction (cardboard, pallets, rubble) – and modern prefabrication techniques, also digital, in order to propose a conception of systems for assembly, stiffening and eventually reach appropriate structural shapes