STUDENTS AND NATIONAL POLITICS; PERCEPTION OF BANDUNG AND JAKARTA CITY STUDENTS OF NATIONAL INSIGHTS, RELIGIOUS MODERATION AND RELIGIOUS RADICALISM

Indonesia is a multicultural nation with a variety of ethnic groups, religions, and faiths. This diversity can be an advantage and at the same time can cause horizontal conflict in society. Ideology and national politics owned by the Indonesian people are important as guidelines in the life of the nation and state within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Students as one of the important elements in the journey of the Indonesian nation need to get attention related to the discourse of national politics. This research seeks to see students' perceptions related to national politics, religious moderation, and religious radicalism. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach and survey method. Respondents were university students in Jakarta and Bandung (200 people). This study aims to map the perceptions of students in Jakarta and Bandung towards national politics, religious moderation, and religious radicalism and to see whether there is an influence of understanding of national politics and religious moderation on religious radicalism among students in Jakarta and Bandung. The results showed that in students' perceptions of the understanding of national politics, religious moderation, and religious radicalism, the majority are in the moderate category or not good enough (average 55%). In addition, the influence of understanding nationalism and religious moderation on religious radicalism was also found to be 3.1%. This means that there is still a need to increase students' understanding in Jakarta and Bandung of national politics, religious moderation, and religious radicalism

RUSSIA-CHINA PARTNERSHIP: AFTERMATH CONSEQUENCES OF THE UKRAINE CRISIS

This research examines the Russia-China alliance after Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, which impacted the world and led to polarity in international politics. The United States and its western allies have tried to weaken Russia’s dominance economically and politically. At the same time, China has supported and strengthened cooperation with Russia. This study uses a qualitative method by analyzing and critically reading the data collected through literature study. The result found that the expansion of NATO membership triggers Russia to act because of external threats. The West agreed to embargoes and sanctions against Russia, affecting 90% of Russian oil and gas markets. However, Russia showed its strength and warned of nuclear threats. This study also contends that amid the US pressure that caused Russia to lose its Western buyers, China backed Russia and became its potential oil buyer. The US pressure on Russia has brought Russia-China even closer

REDEFINING AMERICAN INTERESTS: ANALYZING US POLICY SHIFTS DURING THE SPACE RACE WITH CHINA (2011-2021)

This research delves into the changing patterns of identity and anarchy culture experienced by the United States in the chronology of the space race with China from 2011 to 2021. Utilizing Alexander Wendt’s constructivist theory, this study explores the transformation in US space policy as a response to China’s growing presence in space exploration. The qualitative methodology employed involves thematic analysis of secondary data sources, including congressional minutes, official statements, media coverage, and public speeches. The findings reveal a dynamic shift in the US’s identity, influenced by its interactions on the international stage. During the Cold War, the US’s identity, shaped by a Hobbesian culture of anarchy, was marked by rivalry with the Soviet Union. Post-Cold War, the focus shifted to demonstrating leadership through international cooperation, reflecting a Kantian logic. However, with the emergence of China as a formidable competitor, the US identity has once again transformed, now characterized by a Lockean culture of competition rather than direct conflict. This shift has led to significant policy reformulations, including strategic partnerships and renewed emphasis on self-reliance in space missions, such as the Artemis program and collaboration with private sector companies like SpaceX. These results highlight the intricate relationship between national identity, perceived threats, and policy responses, underscoring the fluid nature of US space policy in the context of global space contestation

PERILAKU POLITIK SANTRI PADA PILKADA LAMPUNG SELATAN TAHUN 2020: STUDI PADA PESANTREN TRADISONAL DAN PESANTREN MODERN

Perilaku politik adalah perilaku atau tindakan yang dilakukan oleh individu maupun kelompok untuk memenuhi hak dan kewajibannya sebagai insan politik. Santri yang berada di pesantren memiliki kendala mengakses informasi dari luar terutama terkait pilkada yang akan dilaksanakan, sehingga kemungkinan akan mempengaruhi perilaku politik dalam menentukan pilihan politik santri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai perilaku politik santri di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiyah Tanjung Rame sebagai pesantren tradisional dan di Pondok Pesantren Terpadu Ushuluddin sebagai pesantren modern dalam Pemilihan Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Lampung Selatan Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dalam menentukan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan menyesuaikan kebutuhan data untuk kepentingan penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perilaku politik, pada Pondok Pesantren Assalafiyah Tanjung Rame, santri memberikan pertimbangan pilihan politiknya dengan melihat agama kandidat, organisasi masyarakat dan partai yang berbasis Islam. Kepatuhan santri kepada kiai sangat kuat dalam menentukan pilihan politik, sehingga kiai menjadi rujukan utama dalam menentukan pilihan politik, dan santri tidak memiliki keberanian menentangnya. Berbeda dengan santri di Pondok Pesantren Terpadu Ushuluddin, santri terlihat lebih rasional, memilih dengan pilihannya sendiri dan kiai tidak menjadi sumber utama mementukan pilihan politik

CONCEPTUALIZING MARITIM-BASED DECENTRALIZATION TOWARD BETTER PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE ARCHIPELAGIC REGION

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how decentralization affects public services differently in Sumenep Regency’s mainland and island regions. Twenty-seven subdistricts make up the Sumenep Regency; nine of these are dispersed as islands, while eighteen are situated on Madura Island. The discrepancies in growth between mainland and island are caused by this geographic structure. The infrastructure, health, and education sectors are the main subjects of this study. According to this study, obstacles that impede the optimization of education in island locations include school references and far from the Education Office and the Ministry of Religion’s oversight. In the meantime, there is disparity in the number of medical professionals and healthcare facilities in the industry. Building infrastructure that complements the features of the islands and does not harm the surrounding ecosystem requires the use of appropriate technologies. Since the natural environment has a significant influence on the characteristics of islands, the decentralization proposed cannot be compared to decentralization found on the mainland. This study recommends asymmetric decentralization for island regions as a result. Asymmetric decentralization based on maritime factors refers to decentralization that is applied to regions while accounting for the unique features of islands

FRAMING AND SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF GERINDRA PARTY POLITICAL COMMUNICATION ON TWITTER (X) TOWARDS THE 2024 ELECTIONS

This research investigates the strategic utilization of political communication by the Gerindra Party on the Twitter platform (X) leading up to the 2024 General Election in Indonesia. With a focus on the adoption of the ‘gemoy’ label by the public, subsequently becoming a framing tool for Prabowo, this shapes a positive image and significantly enhances his popularity. Through a comprehensive analysis of sentiment and engagement displays on social media, this study reveals the effectiveness of Gerindra’s political content in capturing public attention, signaling a paradigm shift in the dynamics of political communication in the digital era. The research adopts a quantitative methodology, employing a descriptive approach. Data collection involves direct interviews with the Public Relations Division of the Gerindra Party and utilizes netnography, combining online observations and content analysis of user interactions on Twitter (X) with the official Gerindra Party account. The results of the study demonstrate evolving emotional response dynamics over time, highlighting the adept use of framing strategies by the party. This research provides valuable insights into the transformative impact of social media on political communication, offering a deeper understanding of how political narratives are shaped and influence public opinion leading up to the general election

POLITICAL STRATEGY OF WOMEN’S LEGISLATIVE MEMBERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA FROM NATIONAL MANDATE PARTY (PAN) AND NATIONAL AWAKENING PARTY (PKB) IN THE 2019 GENERAL ELECTIONS

Women have an important role in politics, where their representation becomes a role model for other women. PAN and PKB are the two parties that won quite a large number of votes in the 2019 elections. However, the percentage of elected women legislators from these two parties does not represent the fulfillment of the 30% quota. This paper analyzes the strategy for selecting women members of PAN and PKB in the 2019 elections, using qualitative research methods. Through interviews and literature searches in the form of books and journals as well as other supporting references, this research yielded several important results. The results of this study indicate that there is a use of resources and funding by women legislators as part of the campaign. As for the differences in the strategy for electing women legislators between the two parties, that PAN women are more on the use of personal social networks and not through ‘Aisyiyah and PUAN. This is different from the PKB, in which elected women legislators use social and political capital from their involvement in Fatayat NU and women of the nation. The supporting factors for the election of both were due to the socio-political capital possessed and the figure of a female legislature member. While the inhibiting factors come from the patriarchal perspective of society as well as competition with male and female legislative candidates, both from the same party and not

STUDY ON PROS AND CONS ARMY-POLICE ACTIVELY APPOINTED AS REGIONAL HEAD

This study will identify the pros and cons of active ARMY/POLICE being appointed as regional heads in 2022. In its journey, Indonesia has changed in organizing general elections; from the beginning, the public was allowed to vote for candidates from 2004 to the present. Ahead of the Simultaneous Regional Head Elections in 2024, several regions in the country will experience a leadership vacancy due to the expiration of the terms of office of governors, and regents/mayors starting in 2022. To fill the vacancy in leadership positions, the government can appoint an official until simultaneous regional elections are held in November 2024. This becomes a problem because the appointment of active TNI-Polri officers as acting (Pj) regional heads has caused a polemic. This study uses qualitative research using secondary data from news and journals related to the research. The results of the study indicate that some support this, it can be done with a note that the active TNI/Polri in office must still be supervised, and the positions occupied are equivalent to their duties. However, not a few refuse because this can reduce the value of democracy, and the TNI/Polri, which should focus on state security, will bring back the Dual function (dwifungsi) of the Armed Forces, which can disrupt the political system in Indonesia

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY BASED ON THE UNITED STATES RESPONSE POST TO THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CLAIM BY THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Conflicts and tensions in the South China Sea are getting bigger after the People’s Republic of China claimed control over the Spratly and Paracel Islands and the waters that intersect with most of the countries in Southeast Asia. China’s efforts to place military forces on the two islands and the intensification of their ship patrols in the waters of the South China Sea indicate that China wants to strengthen its claims and hegemony, although of course these claims immediately receive a response from countries whose borders intersect in the South China Sea, mainly ASEAN member countries. This research used a descriptive qualitative research method. The source of the data for this research consists of secondary data which is gained from reports or media coverage that examine security issues in the South China Sea. Various data that have been obtained are then checked for validity through data validation techniques, where this technique carried out through triangulation of data or sources. As a superpower, the United States does not remain silent but participates in balancing security for countries that feel they are being claimed. Because what China has done is considered to have the potential to limit the rights and freedoms of the international community in using the waters in the South China Sea as their trade access, the United States and its allies who are members of AUKUS (Australia, United Kingdom, and the United States) are indeed pushing for the principle of freedom of navigation. On this basis, the United States took steps to address the problems and tensions in the South China Sea. The legal umbrella used by the United States is the same as that used by ASEAN countries, namely based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the International Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982)

DECENTRALIZATION AND THE UNRAVELING OF POWER RELATIONS IN SANGKARRANG ISLANDS, CITY OF MAKASSAR.

How does decentralization provide good public services among traditional fisherfolk and diminish the exploitation of marine resources? This article discusses the positive impact of decentralization on the patron-client relationship of the fishing community by depicting the articulation of social relations and power relations tied among the fisherfolk Sangkarrang Islands, City of Makassar. By employing the theory of access, this study revealed that the proliferation of the Sub District of Sangkarrang had configured the landscape of socio-political interaction. This condition was restructured by the relation of production among producers and successfully eliminated the over-exploitation of marine resources in Sangkarrang Islands. Social hierarchy became more opened and allowed the vulnerable group to access the services provided by the government. They could also channel their political aspiration without being interfered with by a higher social class. At the same time, the political landscape had been rearranged and control from elites tended to be declined. In conclusion, decentralization had increased democratization for local people and had brought public services to be more efficient, including the decreasing of marine exploitation