The level of imaginative thinking among the gifted students in the ninth and tenth grades at the excellence schools in Al-Tafila governorate as well as the relationship of that with self-efficacy among them

This study mainly aimed at identifying the nature of the relationship between imaginative thinking and self-efficacy among the gifted students at the excellence schools in Al-Tafila governorate as well as detecting the statistically significant differences between the level of imaginative thinking and self-efficacy among the gifted students at the excellence schools according to the variables of gender and grade. In order to achieve the study objectives, the researcher used the descriptive survey approach and the questionnaire was used as the main instrument for data collection. The study sample was chosen by using the method of total survey for the components of the study population that consisted of the ninth and tenth grades students attending regular education at the excellence schools in Al-Tafila governorate with a total of 87 male and female students . the methods of analytical and descriptive statistics were used in order to analyze the data. The study concluded that the overall degree for imaginative thinking among the gifted students in the study sample was high, where the mean for their estimations was ( 3.74 ). The results also showed that the overall degree for  self-efficacy among the gifted students in in the ninth and tenth grades at the excellence schools in Al-Tafila governorate was high, where the mean for their estimations was ( 3.78 ). The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between imaginative thinking and self-efficacy among the gifted students at the excellence schools in Al-Tafila governorate. In the light of the study results , the study recommended about the necessity of giving teachers the necessary training about using the methods of imaginative thinking in the educational process as well as providing the suitable school and classroom environment for using them

The Effects of Traffic Accidents on the Emergence of Psychological Disorders Among Drivers of “3rd. Category”: Private License in Jordan “A Field Research”

The study aimed to know the effects of traffic accidents on the emergence of psychological disorders among drivers from “3rd category” private license in the city of Salt in Jordan. That would be through knowing whether the traffic accidents have an impact on the driver’s psychological trauma and if traffic accidents cause an emergence of state of depression, nervousness, and lack of concentration at work. A psychological trauma questionnaire which consisted of (17) paragraphs was used. In addition, a questionnaire which consisted of (28) paragraphs was laid out and spread over several pivots (depression, nervousness and the lack of concentration at work). The research sample has been formed of (50) drivers 14 of them were females, after that averages, and standard deviations and calculating of the value of the test (T) were extracted to come to the study conclusions. The study concluded that there were statistical differences which confirm that the drivers who were involved in traffic accidents have been exposed to psychological trauma, states of depression and nervousness. Also, the study indicated that there were no statistical differences between traffic accidents and the lack of concentration at work.Key words: Traffic Accidents; Psychological Disorders; Driving license from 3rd category; Depression; Nervousness; Emotio

Transparency in Public Procurement Rules and Processes in the State of Qatar (A Comparative Study with the UNCITRAL Procurement Model Law)

Procurement Model Law, which was adopted by the United Nations Committee on InternationalTrade Law (UNCITRAL). The study aims to draw a comparison between the UNCITRAL Procurement Model Law and the Qatari Public Procurement Law (Tenders Law). The study raises a number of pertinent questions and issues such as the question of whether the Qatarilawgives sufficient consideration to the transparency principles in procurement processes or not. Does the Qatarilawmeet the standards of transparency adopted by the UNCITRAL Model Law? Finally, does the Qatari Law include well-built provisions that prevent corruption, protect public assets and promote confidence in procurement processes? To answer all of abovementioned questions, the study is divided into two main sections: the first deals with the definition and significance of transparency in public procurements in general while the second section examines the applications of the transparency principles in procurement methods and processes under both the Qatari and the UCITRAL Model Law. The author concluded that Qatari law is still far from adhering and applying all transparency principles; it lacks precision and attention to details. The study finally suggests the amendment of the current Qatari Public Procurement Law (Tenders Law) to be in line with international standards as reflected by the UNCITRAL Model La

The Role of the Dictionary in Teaching English as a Foreign Language with Special Reference to English-Arabic Dictionaries

The existing bilingual dictionaries are ill-equipped to satisfy any but the general needs of the learner. As soon as they are applied to the special needs of a certain category of learners, they are certain to reveal functional inadequacies. Some of these inadequacies are inherent in the structure of the bilingual dictionary (Bujas, 1980); others are external; others are inherent in the two languages involved. In order to improve this unsatisfactory situation, new dictionaries especially designed to answer the needs of the learner should exist. A dictionary for foreign learners should not be a tool for comprehension only. It should also meet the communicative needs of the learner. It should not only tell him what is possible but also what is impossible, taking into consideration the findings of error analysis of that type of learner and other relevant disciplines. The linguistic background of the learner should be taken into consideration. In this study an attempt is made to suggest improvements in the existing English-Arabic dictionaries which claim to be designed for learning English as a foreign language. It is also hoped that the proposal included in the study will lead to the advancement of pedagogical dictionaries in general and constitute adequate evaluation criteria for teachers to base their recommendation on and for advanced learners to decide which dictionary to buy. Chapter One explores the relationship between lexicography and language learning and how they affect each other. In Chapter Two a revision of the previous classifications of dictionaries is provided to show that no serious attempt has ever been made to classify pedagogical dictionaries and how they should be. New ideas are presented for a sound classification which is intended not to classify the existing dictionaries but to show how learners' dictionaries should be compiled. Chapter Three deals with the need for meaning discrimination in bilingual dictionaries and how it is achieved in the existing dictionaries. New proposals are set out. Chapter Four deals with the phonological information in bilingual dictionaries. The attitude taken here is that the dictionary should indicate the phonological behaviour of a word within a context. Intonation should also be indicated. New proposals are set out. Chapter Five deals with grammar and the dictionary. The attitude taken is that the dictionary should provide morphological and syntactic information. But the linguistic background of the learner should be taken into consideration in deciding the type, amount and the way of presentation. The grammatical information in English-Arabic dictionaries is analysed. New solutions are proposed. Chapter Six presents the problem of usage. The stand taken here is that dictionaries should tell the learner on which occasions words are appropriate for use and when they are not, through the use of codes and glosses. Chapter Seven deals with the problem of lexical combinations and how they are handled by dictionaries. Bilingual dictionaries limit themselves to words in isolation. They often ignore the lexical combination that a word may enter into such as collocations, idioms and compounds

Synthetic and mechanistic studies of cyclopropenes

PhD Thesis1,2-Dehalogenation of 1,1,2,2-tetrahalocyclopropanes (A, y= Cl, ' X= OMe, Ar) by reaction with one equiv. of methyl-lithium at, 0-20 OC leads' to 1,2-dichlorocyclopropenes (B, X= OMe, Ar); the pentachloride (A, X=Y= Cl) also -react by 1,2-dechlorination to give (B, X= Cl), whereas, the bromide (A, X= Cl, Y= Br) apparently undergoes a 1,3-dehalogenation on reaction with two mol. equiv. of methyl lithium at -70 0C, leading eventually to the cyclobutene (C). The cyclopropenes (13, X= Cl, OMe, Ar) undergo ring-opening at 0-20 OC and in principle produce two stereoisomeric carbenes (D) and (E). Reaction of the cyclopropene (ß, X= Ph) with methyl methacrylate leads predominantly to cyclopropane (F), the structure of which was established by an X-ray crystallographic study. This isomer is apparently derived by strapping of the - carbene (E, X= Ph) rather than (D, X= Ph) Moreover, the ester and alkene substituents are obtained with a cis-stereochemistry. A minor product derived by addition of (D, X= Ph) is also thought to have cis-stereochemistry of ester and vinyl groups. The products derived from the corresponding cyclopropenes (B, X= Cl, OMe) reflect an even more selective trapping of the carbenes (E, X= Cl, OMe). Studies of the relative rates of cyclopropanation' of a standard series of alkyl-substituted alkenes by the carbene derived from (B, X= OMe) showed that the reactivities of this carbene do not give a good "linear correlation with those of (: CC'2); however, they do give a linear correlation when compared to (G). The relative rates of formation of (H) when (I, Y=H, Me, OMe, CF3) were allowed to ring open in the presence of an excess of 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene gave a good linear correlation with the aI constant for the substituent. Dehydrochlorination of the derived cyclopropanes provides easy access to two series of allylidene cyclopropanes, e. g., (J) and (K). 1.2-Dehalogenation of 1.1.2-trihalocyclopropanes by reaction with one mol. equiv. of methyl lithium leads to I -halocyclopropenes. The latter reacts with second equiv. of the reagent under more vigorous conditions by a lithium halogen exchange, and the resulting lithiocyclopropenes could be trapped by (R)-(+)- or (S)-(-)-methyloxirane to give the alcohols (L) and (M), which are converted to the optically active methylenefuran (N) and dihydropyran (0) respectively by reaction with bromine or with acid.Iraqi governmen

Crystallization kinetics study of the glasses in Se–Te system

The aim of the present work is to study the crystallization kinetics of some chalcogenide glassy alloys in the Selenium-Tellurium system. Four glassy systems have been prepared: Se80Te20-xSbx (x= 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10); Se70Te30-xSbx (x= 2, 6, 8, and 10); Se80Te20-xCdx (x= 2, 4, and 10); and Se80Te20-xSnx (x= 2, 4, and 10). The starting materials of (99.999%) purity were weighted according to their atomic percentages and sealed in evacuated silica tubes, under a pressure of about 10-5 torr. The tubes were heated in a furnace at the required temperature and then quenched in ice-water mixture. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that all samples in the first two systems are amorphous, while all samples in the other two systems indicated the existence of some degree of crystallinity, except the only sample (Se20Te16Cd4). Therefore it was decided to confine the study on the first two systems and (Se20Te16Cd4) alloy. From the DSC measurements, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the onset temperature of crystallization (Tc) were determined at different heating rates. It was found that (Tg) and (Tc) shift to higher values as heating rate (α) is increased. This dependence of (Tg) and (Tc) on (α) was used to calculate the activation energy of glass transition (Et) and the activation energy of crystallization (Ec), respectively. The activation energy values of glass transition using several equations were found to be in good agreement with each other, for each glassy alloy. Similarly the activation energy for crystallization was calculated using several equations and they were in good agreement with each other. From the value of (Tc-Tg), which gives an indication of the kinetic resistance to crystallization, it was found that the alloy with 6 at %Sb is the most stable alloy for systems (1 and 2). Crystallization using partial area analysis were studied where the crystallization mechanism was concluded for each glassy alloy

Impact of Guided Inquiry on Tenth Graders\u27 Understanding of Chemical Bonds

Students’ understanding of scientific conceptions have been of considerable interest to science education researcher and science teacher in recent years. Accordingly,many scholarly studies have been conducted on the students\u27 understandings and misunderstanding, particularly. Those concerned with chemistry. For the present study, the term misconception is used to encompass both alternative responses that arise from formal intervention: such as classroom study as well as those resulted from the student own interaction with, and observation of their surrounding environment The main purpose of this study is to investigate the understanding of the Grade- students about the concepts and misconception regarding the chemical bonding and types of bonds (convalescent. ionic and metallic). This study focuses on (i) understanding the level of the concepts of chemical bonds and bonding, (ii) gaining some insights Into the cause of the misconception, and (iii) investigating the impact of incorporating“Guided-inquiry” as an alternative teaching approach in chemistry in secondary Schools, and improving the concept of the student about the chemical bonds and Bonding. One hundred forty student (72 females and 68 males) who participated in This study have been drawn randomly from Tenth Grade classes in two public high School in the Dubai Educational Zone. The data collection is achieved through Employing mixed research method, and the data analysis is made possible with SPSS. The findings revealed that a number of alternative conception of chemical bonds that Were held by Tenth Grade students. The finding also pointed to the effectiveness of Using guided inquiry as an alternative approach to the teaching of chemistry at Tenth Grade, particularly with male students. The study argues that the identification of the Common misconception will greatly help the chemistry teachers to developing Reliable instrumental approaches that could minimize the existing misconceptions About the chemical bonds and bonding.The findings necessitate recommendations for policy makers and science teachers in Order to improve the understanding of these important concepts. It is obvious that more Research studies are needed to document student understanding of such concept. Furthermore, more application of guided inquiry is indeed important to engage student in learning of chemical concept such as the concept investigated in this Study. Policy maker and curriculum developer should also pay attention to Development of illustrative examples in the curriculum to aid understanding