How to fuzzify a closure space

AbstractIt is shown here how the Galois connections theory provides a canonical procedure to fuzzify a crisp closure space. Roughly speaking, if S is a space equipped with an ∩-closed set F of subsets (the closed subsets), the closed fuzzy subsets of S ⪡are⪢ the Galois connections between F and the valuation set. The closed crisp subsets are particular closed fuzzy subsets

On the unique solvability and numerical study of absolute value equations

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we consider the unique solvability of absolute value equations (AVE), $Ax-B\vert x\vert =b$, when the condition $\Vert A^{-1}\Vert <\frac{1}{\left\Vert B\right\Vert }$ holds. This is a generalization of an earlier result by Mangasarian and Meyer for the special case where $B=I$. Secondly, a generalized Newton method for solving the AVE is proposed. We show under the condition $\Vert A^{-1}\Vert <\frac{1}{4\Vert B\Vert }$, that the algorithm converges linearly global to the unique solution of the AVE. Numerical results are reported to show the efficiency of the proposed method and to compare with an available method

Le savant et le politique parlent-ils la même langue ? Le rationalisme critique de Popper comme théorie de la communication politique

Pour Popper, le modèle de la science est quant au fond un modèle communicationnel et politique. C'est pourquoi il peut articuler son épistémologie sur sa philosophie sociale, car ce sont les mêmes fondements sur lesquels reposent la société juste et la bonne science : la libre critique de chacun par tous, et la présupposition corrélative d'un sens commun à tous les hommes. Cependant Popper ne peut assimiler ainsi les deux domaines de la science et de la politique qu'en évacuant du politique, ce qui en fait la spécificité : les rapports de force dont il est parcouru

Modélisation Mécanique et Analytique sur le Comportement Elastique dans un Joint Adhésif

Pour dimensionner un joint, il faut être en mesure de déterminer l'état de contrainte au sein du joint. Ceci nous amène à étudier l'état de contrainte dans un joint adhésif sous la forme analytique et par la méthode des éléments finis. L'objectif de notre travail consiste à une analyser par la méthode des éléments finis et la méthode analytique le comportement élastique des contraintes tangentielles dans la couche de l'adhésif et d'autre part établir un modèle analytique qui quantifie la longueur optimale de recouvrement en fonction des paramètres géométriques et mécaniques d'un joint à simple recouvrement JSR

Etiologia e tratamento de maloclusão de classe III: revisão narrativa

Introdução: A maloclusão Classe III de Angle caracteriza-se por uma alteração intermaxilar manifestada por um posicionamento mais anterior da mandíbula em relação à maxila e causada pelo crescimento anormal de uma ou ambos os maxilares. Pode ser devido a modificações esqueléticas e dentoalveolares que são representadas por retrognatia maxilar, prognatismo mandibular ou uma combinação de ambos. Objetivo: Contribuir para um maior conhecimento da malocclusão Classe III assim como uma melhor compreensão dos seus factores etiológicos e dos seus vários tratamentos. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, recorrendo à base de dados PubMed e Elsivier, com os termos “mandibular prognathism”, “Class III maloclusion” e o operador boleano AND com os termos : “Etiology”, “Orthodontic treatment”, “genetica” e “mastigatory muscles”, publicados nos últimos 50 anos. Conclusão: A etiologia da Classe III é multifactorial devido a influências genéticas, físicas ou ambientais. O conhecimento destes factores permite uma melhor compreensão da maloclusão e o estabelecimento precoce dos tratamentos que promovem a recuperação em pessoas com maloclusão de Classe III. A presença dos diferentes tratamentos, que já mostraram a sua eficácia ou que apareceram recentemente, mostra que a abordagem da maloclusão de Classe III está em constante evolução.Introduction: Angle Class III malocclusion is characterized by an intermaxillary change manifested by a more anterior positioning of the mandible relative to the maxilla and caused by abnormal growth of one or both maxillae. It can be due to skeletal and dentoalveolar changes that are represented by maxillary retrognathia, mandibular prognathism or a combination of both. Objective: Contribute to a greater knowledge of Class III malocclusion as well as a better understanding of its etiological factors and its various treatments. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Elsivier databases for human and animals studies, with the terms "mandibular prognathism", "Class III malocclusion" combined using the Boolean term AND with the terms: "Etiology", "Orthodontic treatment", "genetics" and "masticatory muscles". published in the last 50 years. Conclusion: The etiology of Class III is multifactorial due to genetic, physical or environmental influences. Knowledge of these factors allows a better understanding of malocclusion and the early establishment of treatments that promote recovery in people with Class III malocclusion. The presence of the various treatments, which have already shown their efficacy or have appeared recently, shows that the approach to Class III malocclusion is in constant evolution

Report of the panel on geopotential fields: Magnetic field, section 9

The objective of the NASA Geodynamics program for magnetic field measurements is to study the physical state, processes and evolution of the Earth and its environment via interpretation of measurements of the near Earth magnetic field in conjunction with other geophysical data. The fields measured derive from sources in the core, the lithosphere, the ionosphere, and the magnetosphere. Panel recommendations include initiation of multi-decade long continuous scalar and vector measurements of the Earth's magnetic field by launching a five year satellite mission to measure the field to about 1 nT accuracy, improvement of our resolution of the lithographic component of the field by developing a low altitude satellite mission, and support of theoretical studies and continuing analysis of data to better understand the source physics and improve the modeling capabilities for different source regions