Development Of Novel Elastomeric Fabrics For Burn Pressure Garments Using Various Antimicrobial Technologies

(Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2012(PhD) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012Bu çalışmada, powernet, düz çözgülü örme ve atkılı örme yapılarda yüksek elastanlı Nylon 6.6/Spandex kumaşlara çeşitli tipte antimikrobiyel kimyasal yöntemler kullanılarak kalıcı antimikrobiyel özelliğe sahip yanık yaralanmalarında kullanılan yeni basınçlı giysiler geliştirilmiştir. Quat-Silane, triclosan, PHMB (polyhexamethylenebiguanide) ve üç farklı tipte gümüş bazlı antimikrobiyel kimyasal materyal olmak üzere altı farklı antimikrobiyel kimyasal yöntem kullanılmıştır. Antimikrobiyel işlem görmemiş, işlem görmüş ve işlem gördükten sonra 5,10 ve 50 yıkamaya tabi tutulmuş numuneler antimikrobiyel aktiviteyi belirlemek için test edilmiştir. Antimikrobiyel işlemlerden önce ve sonra olmak üzere prototif manken kullanılarak ayak bileğinden dize kadar olan bacak bölgesi olmak üzere üç farklı tipte basınçlı giysi dizaynı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yanık yaralanmalarında kullanılan basınçlı giysilerin uyguladığı basınçları istenilen medikal aralıkta kontrol edebilmek için, antimikrobiyel işlemlerden önce ve sonra ticari kablosuz basınç sensörleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlarımız göstermiştir ki, bu giysilerin ana fonksiyonu olan basınçlarını kontrol ederek çeşitli antimikrobiyel kimyasal prosedür ile memnun edici kalıcı antimikrobiyel aktivite elde edilmiştir. Hava geçirgenliği, patlama mukavemeti ve dökümlülük değerlerinde çok az bir düşüş gözlemlenirken, rijitlik (CD, MD), termal direnç (Rct) ve izolasyon (clo unit) değerlerinde çok az bir artış gözlemlenmiştir. Kumaşların elastisite değerleri 90 gün gözlem boyunca korunmuştur. Kumaşların emicilik yüzdesi (%) gelecekteki araştırmalar için arttırılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar göstermektedir ki bu yeni yanık yaralanmalarında kullanılan basınçlı giysiler kokuyu önleyecek, enfeksiyonu azaltacak ve rehabilitasyon hızını arttırarak skar doku oluşumunun azaltılmasına destek sağlayacaktır.In this study, novel burn pressure garments having durable antimicrobial property were developed using various antimicrobial agent procedures on highly elastane Nylon 6.6/ Spandex fabrics in powernet, flat warp and weft knitted structures. Six different antimicrobial agent procedures were used following Quat-Silane, Triclosan, PHMB and three different silver-based antimicrobial chemical agents. Untreated, treated and a duplicate treated set of samples washed for 5, 10 and 50 cycles were tested to determine the antimicrobial activity. Three different types of pressure garments were designed including the area from ankle to knee before and after treatments using a mannequin. Commercial wireless pressure sensors were used to control the pressures of burn pressure garments at an acceptable medical range before and after antimicrobial treatments. Our results showed that satisfying durable antimicrobial activity was obtained with various antimicrobial agent procedures by controlling the pressures which is the main function of these garments. A slight decrease was observed for air permeability, bursting strength and drapeability while a slight increase was observed for stiffness (CD, MD), thermal resistance (Rct) and isolation properties (clo unit). The elasticity of the fabrics was protected during 90 days observation. The pick-up (absorbency %) of the fabrics were increased for further research. These results show that these novel burn pressure garments will prevent odor, decrease infection and support reducing of scarring by increasing rehabilitation rates.DoktoraPh

Analyses of the thermophysiological comfort properties of highly elastane polyamide 66 compression garments crosslinked with chitosan biopolymers

Chitosan is a biopolymer having antimicrobial activities against various bacteria and fungi. Comfort properties of various types of nylon 66/spandex fabrics crosslinked with chitosan were studied. aiming to increase the effectiveness and functions of compression fabrics used in burn scar treatments by providing infection protection with chitosan barriers. Chitosan is cross-linked with dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) then binds onto nylon 66/spandex fabrics to progress pressure garments with permanent antimicrobial activity. The obtained nylon 66/spandex fabrics in powernet, flat warp knitted and weft knitted structures were analyzed via total thermal resistance (Rct) [(°ΔC)(m2)/W], and total insulation values (It) [clo] and DSC analyses were conducted and the results were evaluated. Finally, correlation between the thermal resistance for control and treated samples were given. The thermophysiological test results showed that samples crosslinked with chitosan provide thermophysiological comfort. The powernet fabrics showed the lowest thermal resistance (0.394-0.400) while the flat warp knitted fabrics showed the highest thermal resistance (0.495). These results show that after crosslinked with chitosan, the fabric samples can provide comfort by providing microclimate and preventing excess sweating of patients, thus can prevent infection risks

Determination of flood inuandation areas in the city of Bingöl (Turkey) using geographic information systems and HEC-RAS

Taşkın, ülkemizde en sık görülen doğal afetler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle, taşkın yayılım alanlarının önceden belirlenmesi, taşkın riskinin azaltılması ve buna bağlı olarak can ve mal güvenliğinin sağlanması açısından çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve HEC-RAS yardımıyla Bingöl İl merkezinden geçen Çapakçur, Gayt ve Göynük çaylarının kent içerisinde oluşturacağı taşkın su derinliklerinin ve yayılım alanlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için, sentetik birim hidrograflardan elde edilen 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 ve 1.000 yıllık tekerrür sürelerine ait taşkın pik debileri kullanılarak HEC-RAS ile bu derelerin il merkezinden geçen kısımlarının hidrolik modellemeleri yapılmıştır. İl merkezine ait 1/1.000 ölçekli hali hazır haritalardan elde edilen verilerin modele tanımlanması ArcGIS üzerinde çalışan HEC-GeoRAS ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. HEC-RAS yardımıyla elde edilen hidrolik model sonuçlarına göre CBS ortamında hazırlanan taşkın yayılım haritalarında, göz önüne alınan taşkın debilerinin sebep olduğu maksimum su derinliğinin 8,12–9,62 m, su yayılım alanının ise 635.402- 1.561.982 m2 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Elde edilen bu taşkın yayılım haritaları, bölgenin ileriye yönelik yerleşim ve kalkınma planları için önemli bir veri kaynağı niteliği taşımaktadır.Flood is among the most common natural disasters in Turkey. For this reason, it is very important to determine the flood spreading areas in advance, to reduce the flood risk and to ensure the safety of life and property accordingly. In this study, it is aimed to determine the flood water depths and inundation areas of Çapakçur, Gayt and Göynük streams passing through Bingöl Province center with the help of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and HEC-RAS. Thus, hydraulic models of these streams passing through the city center were developed by the use of HEC-RAS for the peak flows obtained from synthetic unit hydrographs with return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 years. The data obtained from the up-to-date maps of the study area with 1/1,000 scale were defined to the model by HEC-GeoRAS working on ArcGIS. According to the flood inundation maps, which were prepared in the GIS environment using the hydraulic model results obtained with the help of HEC-RAS, the maximum flood water depth varies between 8.12 and 9.62, and the maximum flood inundation area ranges from 635,402 to 1,561,982 m2 for the flood peaks considered in the study. The flood inundation maps obtained in this study can be used as an important data source for the future settlement and development plans of the region

Comparison of Hybrid Contact Lenses and Rigid Gas-Permeable Contact Lenses in Moderate and Advanced Keratoconus

Objectives:We aimed to compare the clinical results and topographic data of the new generation hybrid contact lens (HCL) and rigid gaspermeable contact lens (RGPCL) in patients with moderate and advanced keratoconus.Materials and Methods:In this prospective study, HCL users comprised group 1 and RGPCL users comprised group 2. Snellen uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and lens-corrected visual acuity (LCVA); manifest spherical-cylindrical values; corneal topography measurements (flat keratometry [K1], vertical keratometry [K2], mean K, maximum K [Kmax], central corneal thickness [CCT], and thinnest corneal thickness [TCT]); and cone location were recorded.Results:The study included 83 eyes of 51 patients in group 1 and 61 eyes of 40 patients in group 2. The groups were similar in age and gender (p>0.05). Mean LCVA (logMAR) was significantly lower than BCVA in both groups (p0.05). There was also no significant difference between the two groups in terms of keratoconus stages, mean Kmax, CCT, TCT, or cone location (p>0.05), while mean UCVA (logMAR) and mean K were higher in group 2 (p<0.05). In both groups, the visual gain with lenses was higher in eyes with central cones, and there was significantly greater visual increase in group 2 (p=0.039).Conclusion:In moderate and advanced keratoconus, HCLs improved vision as much as RGPCLs and both lenses were more effective for central cones. Nevertheless, longer term of follow-up and larger numbers of patients are needed for long term follow-up results of HCL

Alzheimer hastalığında bakım verenlerin hastalıkla ilgili farkındalık düzeyi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Bursa ilinde Alzheimer hastalarına bakım veren bireylerin hastalıkla ilgili farkındalık düzeyinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Orta veya ağır evre Alzheimer hastasına en az 6 aydır bire bir bakım veren 50 kişi çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların ve bakım verenlerin demografik özellikleri kayıt altına alındı. Bakım verenlere hastalıkla ilgili basit temel bilgilerin sorgulandığı 10 soruluk bir anket uygulandı.Bulgular: Katılımcıların %56’sı hastalıkla karşılaşmadan önce hastalıkla ilgili bilgiye sahip değildi. %50’si yakını Alzheimer tanısı aldıktan sonra hastalıkla ilgili bilgi almak için herhangi bir yönteme başvurmamıştı. Katılımcıların %84’ü hastalığın kalıcı olduğunu, %80’i tedavisinin ilaçlarla yapıldığını bilmekteydi. %86’sı ilaçların şikayetleri sadece kısmen geriletmek için verildiğinin farkındaydı. %54’ü ağızdan alınan tabletler dışında başka tedavi seçeneklerinden haberdar değildi. %44’ü tedaviyle hastalığın düzelmediğini, %50’si ilaçları dönem dönem değiştirmek gerektiğini bilmekteydi. Hastalıkla ilgili sizi en çok sıkıntıya sokan şey nedir sorusuna sırasıyla gece uykusuzluğu, ajitasyonlar, inatçılık, hırçınlık, idrar ve gaita inkontinansı cevapları verildi. Sonuç: Hasta yakınlarının hastalıkla ilgili yeterli bilgiye sahip olması hastalığın erken tanınması, hastalığa bağlı gelişen problemlerin anlaşılabilmesi ve tedavi sürecinin düzgün yönetilmesine olanak sağlayacaktı

Association with Asthma and Restless Legs Syndrome and Sleep Quality

Objective:We aimed to evaluate the frequency and severity of restless legs syndrome in patients with asthma and the effect of the disease on sleep quality.Materials and Methods:Forty-three patients followed by asthma and 30 healthy people were included in the study. The diagnosis of Restless Legs Syndrome was made according to the criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Excessive daytime sleepiness scores were determined according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) the sleep quality and according to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) the insomnia was determined.Results:Male/female rate in the asthmatic group was 1/8, and the mean age was 48.88 years. The healthy control group was selected to be gender and age-matched. Restless Legs syndrome was found 25.58% (n=11) in the asthmatic group and 16.7% (n=5) in the control group, and it was also not statistically significant. The number of asthmatic patients with ESS ≥10 was six, while there was one person in the control group, and it was not statistically significant. According to the PSQI values, there was a significant difference between the asthmatic group and the control group (p<0.001); when ISI values were examined, there was no statistically significant difference between them.Conclusion:In our study, it was found that the sleep quality deteriorated at high rates in the asthmatic group. However, as expected in asthmatic patients, Restless Legs syndrome, insomnia, and incidence of excessive daytime sleepiness were not significantly higher than the control group

COVID-19 in pediatric patients undergoing chronic dialysis and kidney transplantation

The study aims to present the incidence of COVID-19 in pediatric patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) and to compare the severity and outcomes of the disease between the dialysis and kidney transplant (KTx) groups. This multicenter observational study was conducted between 1 April and 31 December 2020 in Istanbul. Members of the Istanbul branch of the Turkish Pediatric Nephrology Association were asked to report all confirmed cases of COVID-19 who were on RRT, as well as the number of prevalent RRT patients under the age of 20. A total of 46 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported from 12 centers, of which 17 were dialysis patients, and 29 were KTx recipients. Thus, the incidence rate of COVID-19 was 9.3% among dialysis patients and 9.2% among KTx recipients over a 9-month period in Istanbul. Twelve KTx recipients and three dialysis patients were asymptomatic (p = 0.12). Most of the symptomatic patients in both the dialysis and KTx groups had a mild respiratory illness. Only two patients, one in each group, experienced a severe disease course, and only one hemodialysis patient had a critical illness that required mechanical ventilation. In the entire cohort, one hemodialysis patient with multiple comorbidities died. Conclusion: While most cases are asymptomatic or have a mild disease course, pediatric patients undergoing dialysis and a kidney transplant are at increased risk for COVID-19. What is Known: In adult population, both dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk for severe illness of COVID-19 and have higher mortality rate. Children with kidney transplantation are not at increased risk for COVID-19 and most have mild disease course. Data on children on dialysis are scarce. What is New: Pediatric patients undergoing dialysis and kidney transplantation have an increased risk for COVID-19. Most patients undergoing renal replacement therapy either on dialysis or transplanted develop asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease with a favorable outcome

Restless-legs syndrome and insomnia in hemodialysis patients

Aim/background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological movement disorder which is commonly seen in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Insomnia, depression, and anxiety disorders frequently show concurrence. In this study, we aimed to investigate RLS and insomnia prevalence and related factors in HD patients. Subjects and methods: Patients who were under HD treatment and healthy controls with similar mean age, sex ratio, and hypertension and diabetes mellitus frequency were included in this study. Depression, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness assessments were performed by using Beck Depression Inventory, Insomnia Severity Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The diagnosis of RLS was made using the International RLS Study Group consensus criteria. Results: About 156 HD patients and 35 controls were enrolled. The mean age was 50.6 in the HD group and 49.7 in the control group. Female sex was 43.9% in the HD group and 57.1% in the control group. RLS was significantly more frequent in HD patients compared with controls. The rate of sub-threshold insomnia and insomnia with moderate severity was higher in HD patients. While insomnia severity score and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with the presence of RLS, depression, RLS, older age, and being under HD treatment were independently associated with insomnia severity. Conclusions: HD patients commonly have RLS and insomnia. Insomnia and diabetes mellitus seem to be major factors underlying RLS in HD patients. Furthermore, depression and RLS seem to be closely related to insomnia in these patients. Treatment of depression, insomnia, and RLS may be beneficial to improve quality of life in HD patients

Nerve Implants

Synthetic materials have been used in the medical field for surgical grafts due to lack of insufficient organic graft prosthesis. In the first years of their development, properties of an ideal graft were defined. "An ideal graft must be durable on implantation, must be produced at the required dimension, must be biocompatible, must be inert, must be nontoxic and non-allergic." It must also be elastic, comfortable, biostable and biomechanic. In this study nonresorbable and resorb able artificial nerve grafts are being searched as implantable textile materials based on various biomaterial in nerve tissue defects which occur in peripheral neurons in hands and arms and spinal cord neurons in the central nervous system. Evaluation of nerve implants are also being carried out according to their implantable biomaterial properties in medical textiles including electrophysiological studies and nerve regeneration of implants in nervous systems. © 2006 Woodhead Publishing Limited All rights reserved

The effects of chitosan antimicrobial treatments on the physical and mechanical properties and wear performances of highly elastic fabrics used for burn scar management

As exerted pressures play a critical role on highly elastic fabrics on performances of pressure garments in burn scar management, they should also protect their physical and mechanical properties after chemical treatments. Samples were treated with chitosan to achieve antimicrobial property for further designs to help rehabilitation. In this study, the physical, mechanical properties and wear performances of chitosan treated highly elastic fabrics in comparison with untreated control samples were investigated. Results showed that a small significant decrease was observed for air permeability, bursting strength and drapeability while a small significant increase was observed for stiffness (CD, MD). The elasticity of the fabrics was protected during 90 days observation with time-dependent fabric growth analysis. The moisture regain of the fabric samples showed a small significant increase. Antimicrobial tests showed that all treated samples have a very good antimicrobial activity. © 2017 The Textile Institute