Déjà vu and the entorhinal cortex: dissociating recollective from familiarity disruptions in a single case patient

Past research has demonstrated a relationship between déjà vu and the entorhinal cortex in patients with wider medial temporal lobe damage. The aim of the present research was to investigate this crucial link in a patient (MR) with a selective lesion to the left lateral entorhinal cortex to provide a more direct exploration of this relationship. Two experiments investigated the experiences of déjà vécu (using the IDEA questionnaire) and déjà vu (using an adapted DRM paradigm) in MR and a set of matched controls. The results demonstrated that MR had quantitatively more and qualitatively richer recollective experiences of déjà vécu. In addition, under laboratory-based déjà vu conditions designed to elicit both false recollection (critical lures) and false familiarity (weakly-associated lures), MR only revealed greater memory impairments for the latter. The present results are therefore the first to demonstrate a direct relationship between the entorhinal cortex and the experience of both déjà vu and déjà vécu. They furthermore suggest that the entorhinal cortex is involved in both weakly-associative false memory as well as strongly-associative memory under conditions that promote familiarity-based processing

Minimal Stable Sets in Tournaments

We propose a systematic methodology for defining tournament solutions as extensions of maximality. The central concepts of this methodology are maximal qualified subsets and minimal stable sets. We thus obtain an infinite hierarchy of tournament solutions, which encompasses the top cycle, the uncovered set, the Banks set, the minimal covering set, the tournament equilibrium set, the Copeland set, and the bipartisan set. Moreover, the hierarchy includes a new tournament solution, the minimal extending set, which is conjectured to refine both the minimal covering set and the Banks set.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figures, changed conten

Generation of tropical instability waves in the Atlantic Ocean

The spatial and temporal distributions of tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the Atlantic Ocean are investigated using a combination of current observations with moored instruments deployed at the equator at 23°W and a realistic eddy-resolving (1/12°) general circulation model of the Atlantic Ocean. The meridional and vertical shears of the zonal current system contribute to the eddy production rates and thus to the generation of TIWs in the central tropical Atlantic Ocean. In the Southern Hemisphere, TIWs are forced only by baroclinic instability associated with the vertical shear of the central part of the South Equatorial Current (SEC). In the Northern Hemisphere, baroclinic instability due to the vertical shear of the northern SEC (nSEC) as well as barotropic instabilities due to horizontal shears of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC)/nSEC and nSEC/North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) contribute to the generation of the TIWs. Since seasonal changes of the instability production rates related to the EUC/nSEC are comparable low while the rates related to the nSEC/NECC are high, we suggest that the seasonality of the NECC dominates the seasonal modulation of the TIWs

A simple modification converts the spinning cup protein sequencer into a vapour-phase sequencer

AbstractA spinning cup sequencer was converted into a vapour-liquid-solid phase instrument by replacing the chemical delivery valves with a simplified version of the Wittmann valve. The cup assembly was replaced by a Kel-F cartridge and the vacuum system slightly modified and fitted with a cold trap. The modification is inexpensive, easily performed and does not lead to the loss of the spinning cup capability of the instrument. The modified sequencer is easy to operate, reduces consumption of chemicals and exhibits a cycle time of 1 h. Small and larger peptides in amounts from 0.2–30 nmol were successfully degraded.Spinning cup protein sequencerVapour-phase sequencerProtein structur

Existence of two-channel Kondo regime for tunneling impurities with resonant scattering

Dynamical tunneling systems have been proposed earlier to display a two-channel Kondo effect, the orbital index of the particle playing the role of a pseudospin in the equivalent Kondo problem, and the spin being a silent channel index. However, as shown recently by Aleiner et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2629 (2001)], the predicted two-channel Kondo behavior can never be observed in the weak coupling regime, where the tunneling induced splitting of the levels of the tunneling system always dominates the physics. Here we show that the above scenario changes completely if the conduction electrons are scattered by resonant scattering off the tunneling impurity; Then - as a non-perturbative analysis reveals - the two-channel Kondo regime can easily be reached.Comment: 10 PRB page

Geschichte der Stadtplanung

Die Geschichte der Stadtplanung in Deutschland beginnt im 19. Jahrhundert und wird geprägt von dem neuen gesellschaftlichen Phänomen einer geteilten Herstellung von Stadt durch die privaten Grundbesitzer und die für die Planung zuständige Gemeinde. Die technologischen und gesellschaftspolitischen Veränderungen bilden den Hintergrund für die neu entstehende Stadtplanung. Entlang zentraler Entwicklungsphasen werden in chronologischer Abfolge bis 1990 und mit der Herausarbeitung der Kontinuitäten und Brüche die wesentlichen Handlungsstränge, die Stadterweiterung und der Stadtumbau sowie das sich entwickelnde Planungsinstrumentarium dargestellt

Dorf

Dörfer sind keine einheitlichen Siedlungs-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialräume. In ihrer Vielgestaltigkeit bilden sie differenzierte räumliche, soziale und wirtschaftliche Realitäten ab, die von demografischen Faktoren (wachsende und schrumpfende Dörfer) überlagert werden. Wesentliche Strukturmerkmale sind die Prägung durch die Landwirtschaft, die Einheit von Lebens- und Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft, der unmittelbare Bezug zu Naturraum und Landschaft sowie die Beschränkung von Einwohnerzahl und Siedlungsdichte