Covering and Identity Performance in Employment Discrimination Law

At a time when the law is transforming gay rights, the LGBTQ community finds itself at the climax of its latest civil rights challenge: federal employment non-discrimination protections. This Note addresses the federal circuit split regarding whether Title VII’s prohibition against sex discrimination includes a prohibition on the basis of sexual orientation. By integrating the Seventh Circuit’s analysis in Hively v. Ivy Tech Community College within the frameworks of intersectionality, identity performance, and queer theory, this Note evaluates how an evolving understanding of Title VII’s protections affect members of the LGBTQ communities

THE IRRADIATION OF MALE METHOD OF INSECT CONTROL

to successfully employ the irradiation-of-male method for insect control, only three radiation Hersitivity parameter must be Know

The stratification of regolith on celestial objects

All atmosphere-less planetary bodies are covered with a dust layer, the so-called regolith, which determines the optical, mechanical and thermal properties of their surface. These properties depend on the regolith material, the size distribution of the particles it consists of, and the porosity to which these particles are packed. We performed experiments in parabolic flights to determine the gravity dependency of the packing density of regolith for solid-particle sizes of 60 $\mu$m and 1 mm as well as for 100-250 $\mu$m-sized agglomerates of 1.5 $\mu$m-sized solid grains. We utilized g-levels between 0.7 m s$^{-2}$ and 18 m s$^{-2}$ and completed our measurements with experiments under normal gravity conditions. Based on previous experimental and theoretical literature and supported by our new experiments, we developed an analytical model to calculate the regolith stratification of celestial rocky and icy bodies and estimated the mechanical yields of the regolith under the weight of an astronaut and a spacecraft resting on these objects.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure

Desarrollo, desigualdad social y la unidad de América Latina.

Estudios sobre cuestiones de interpretación de la desigualdad social, la pobreza y la exclusión en las sociedades latinoamericanas, relativas al proceso de desarrollo, la precariedad del trabajo, las condiciones de pobreza urbana y rural, el saneamiento, los nuevos pobres, la ruptura de lazos familiares y sociales indican la urgencia de un rumbo a tomarse, así como oportunidades y alternativas para su reducción, superación y redefinición de las políticas públicas en América Latina. En tal contexto, este artículo tiene por meta plantear un debate teórico y reflexivo que lleve a la comprensión de las circunstancias y las prácticas sociales; creemos que dicha situación da lugar a la reproducción de la pobreza continua, alimentada por la creciente exclusión social, la dinámica económica de producto dominante en el pasado, en razón de décadas de políticas neoliberales, así como por los sistemas democráticos y la lucha por los derechos fundamentales al desarrollo en América Latina en las últimas décadas, desde los años noventa y principios del siglo XXI

Mutagenic effectiveness of known doses of gamma radiation in combination with weightlessness on Habrobracon Quarterly progress report, 1 Apr. - 30 Jun. 1967

Mutagenic effectiveness of known doses of gamma radiation and weightlessness on Habrobraco

Bewertung von Pflanzenbeständen und Milchleistung in Ökobetrieben Nordwestdeutschlands

In order to produce high quality forages, the species composition of the grass sward is of special importance. A good measure for estimating the quality of grass swards is the so-called mean Futterwertzahl of the sward by Klapp (1965) which is further referred to as Sward Quality Index (SQI). On 56 organic farms the average SQI of the farm has been calculated and the yield proportion of different species of the sward has been calculated for different regions of Northwest Germany. Within 22 organic farms with grassland farming exclusively, a comparison of the milk yields (kg ECM/cow and year) and the mean SQI of the grassland has been calculated with special regard to the concentrate rates fed to the cows. In tendency the results show lower SQI in farms with lower milk yields in comparison to farms with higher SQI. However, the evaluations show high variations, indicating, that other factors (management, animal health problems, cutting dates and forage quality factors) might have influenced the result

Indicators of stress in equitation

Stress is a generic concept describing the body’s reaction to external stimuli, including both physiological and psychological factors. Therefore, by definition, the assessment of psychological stress in the exercising horse encompasses the problem of teasing apart the psychological and physiological factors both of which result in stress responses. The present study reviews the existing literature on various measures of stress taken specifically in the context of equitation science. Particular attention has been paid to short-term effects, and commonly used measurements of short-term stress include heart rate, a number of heart rate variability parameters, blood or saliva cortisol levels, eye temperature, and various behaviour parameters including in particular behaviour patterns presumably indicative of conflict with the rider’s/trainer’s aids. Inspection of the individual studies’ results revealed that disagreement between these different measures of stress is commonplace. For physiological parameters, the largest proportion of agreement (i.e. both parameters simultaneously indicated either higher, insignificant or lower stress compared to a control treatment) was found for heart rate and heart rate variability parameters, while generally limited agreement was found for cortisol. It appears that cortisol levels may not be particularly useful for assessing/assessment of the valence of a situation in the exercising horse as cortisol levels are predominantly linked to activation and exercise levels. Although heart rate variability parameters reflect in theory more closely sympathovagal balance compared to cortisol levels, great care has to be taken regarding the use of appropriate time-frames, appropriate raw data correction methods as well as the use of appropriate equipment. In spite of its wide-spread and apparently successful use, popular equipment may in fact not be accurate enough under field conditions. Eye temperature is another promising parameter for assessment of psychological stress, but the technique is likewise susceptible to application errors. Given the high susceptibility of physiological parameters to errors at various experimental stages, behavioural rather than physiological parameters may in fact provide more accurate measures of valence when conducting experiments in the exercising horse. Behavioural parameters that appear to be particularly practical in assessing stress in ridden horses’ behaviour are associated with frequencies of behaviour indicative of conflict. However, while increased frequencies of are a good indicator of stress, the absence of conflict behaviour does not provide proof of the absence of stress due to the possible occurrence of conditions such as Learned Helplessness. In future studies, the above issues should be taken into consideration when designing experiments to assess psychological stress in ridden horses

B cells in ANCA-associated vasculitides:from pathogenic players to biomarkers

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of small- to medium-sized blood vessels. Although the disease etiology is largely unknown, activated T- and B-cells are thought to play important roles in the disease pathogenesis. In this thesis we studied the role of B-cells in the GPA pathogenesis and whether monitoring of these cells in peripheral blood of GPA patients can predict disease relapses.We studied whether B-cells are intrinsically different in their capacity to respond to B-cell receptor stimulation. This study showed that B-cells of GPA patients are more sensitive to B-cell receptor stimulation as shown by increased levels of the intracellular protein Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). Additionally, B-cell activation could be inhibited by blocking BTK activity. This finding is of importance, as it indicates that BTK could be used as a novel therapeutic target to inhibit B-cell activation in GPA patients.Another important finding described in this thesis is that an increased frequency of plasmablasts (i.e. a B-cell subset) in the circulation of GPA patients was associated with increased occurrence of disease relapses. These plasmablasts were also found in kidney biopsies and urine of GPA patients with active renal disease, indicating that these cells are directly involved in the autoinflammatory process of GPA.Collectively, the work presented in this thesis enhances our knowledge on the role of B-cells in the GPA pathogenesis and describes several new targets for treatment and prediction of disease relapses in GPA

Assessing ridden horse behavior: professional judgment and physiological measures

The assessment of ridden horse behavior by 12 equestrian professionals (riding instructors n ¼ 4, riders n ¼ 4, veterinarians n ¼ 4) was compared with observed behavior and physiological measures (salivary cortisol and eye temperature). Horses (n ¼ 10) were ridden at walk, trot, and canter in a predefined test of approximately 2-3 minutes. Video footage of the ridden test (RT) was analyzed using Observer XT 10 and duration of behavioral states/events recorded. Saliva was collected in the stable, after the warm-up (WU) and at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the RT. The saliva was analyzed for cortisol (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and the difference between minimum and maximum concentration (ng/mL) and associated sample times recorded. Eye temperature was measured using an infrared thermal camera (MobIR M8), static images (stable, after WU, after RT), and video footage (WU and RT) with maximum eye temperatures derived from set intervals. Mean maximum eye temperatures during ridden work were calculated. Video footage of the RT was observed by the 12 equestrian professionals who each scored the horses on 7 performance parameters derived from the Fédération Equestre Internationale rules for dressage events and the training scale of the German National Equestrian Federation (relaxation, energy, compliance, suppleness, confidence, motivation, and happiness). These scores were compared with behavioral and physiological measures and correlations investigated (Spearman's rank order correlation). Higher percentage durations of high head carriage (ranging from 0 to 50.75% of RT) and the nose carried at an angle in front of the vertical (0%-74.29% of RT) correlated with overall less favorable assessment by the equestrian professionals (P < 0.05) and only the instructors associated neutral head carriage (32.76%-91.92% of RT) and vertical nasal angle (0.97%-68.90% of RT) as a positive sign (P ¼ 0.03 and P ¼ 0.04, respectively). Increases in salivary cortisol positively correlated with the duration of low head carriage (P < 0.05), suggesting that this way of going increased the demands placed on the horse. Increased eye temperature positively correlated with duration of nose carried behind the vertical when ridden (P ¼ 0.02) and negatively correlated with duration of nose carried in front of the vertical (P ¼ 0.01). Some discrepancy between physiological evidence and professional assessment of ridden horse behavior was evident as were differences between groups of professionals. Further evaluation of the association between behavioral signs and physiological measures is now required to ensure that the assessment of ridden horse performance is based on valid and consistent measures

Effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine on calcium transport in Caco-2 cells and pilot study to compare the role of the Chilean and United States pharmacist from the patient perspective

Adverse effects of anti-epileptic (AED) medications on bone density have been reported since the 1960s. Phenytoin and carbamazepine, two commonly prescribed AED, are frequently associated with osteomalacia including fractures and reduced bone formation. The mechanism by which AED induces bone loss is not fully explained. We sought to determine the effects of AED on calcium transport using Caco-2 cells. Our hypothesis is that carbamazepine and phenytoin would inhibit calcium transport from the apical to the basolateral side of Caco-2 cells grown on semi-permeable supports. Caco-2 cells, derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma, are a model system for study of the function of the intestinal epithelium. Our data demonstrates that phenytoin and carbamazepine dose-dependently inhibit active calcium transport from the apical to basolateral side of Caco-2 cells under physiologic calcium conditions. Vitamin D ameliorates the AED-induced decrease in calcium permeability. Patient perceptions of the retail pharmacist were studied to identify common themes and differences in Chile and Oregon and propose areas for improving patient care. Our hypothesis is that patient perceptions will depend on population size served by a pharmacy. With better patient care pharmacists can improve medication outcomes for patients and avoid some side effects