247 research outputs found
Online Privacy and Public Policy - Does the Internet freedom status of countries correlate with the frequency and success of their governments engaging in formal user data requests to private companies?
Online Privacy and Public Policy - Does the Internet freedom status of countries correlate with the frequency and success of their governments engaging in formal user data requests to private companies?
Римская колония Листра и ее монеты
Статья посвящена монетной чеканке малоазийского города Листра в период поздней Республики и Принципата
Frequency and occurrence of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the gut of the pig, as indicated by its presence in the faeces
Faecal samples of 2 pigs, kept on a constant diet, were analysed for Lactobacillus acidophilus and other lactic acid bacteria at 1 week intervals over a period of 3 months. Enumeration of L. acidophilus by selective methods was verified by phenotypic identification of representative isolates. The total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population ranged between 10⁸ and 10¹⁰ colony-forming units per gram of faeces over the 3 months period. L. acidophilus contributed on average a relatively constant figure of 10 % to the total LAB population.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201
Permeability of compacting porous lavas
The highly transient nature of outgassing commonly observed at volcanoes is in part controlled
by the permeability of lava domes and shallow conduits. Lava domes generally consist of a porous outer
carapace surrounding a denser lava core with internal shear zones of variable porosity. Here we examine
densification using uniaxial compression experiments on variably crystalline and porous rhyolitic dome lavas
from the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Experiments were conducted at 900°C and an applied stress of 3MPa to 60%
strain, while monitoring acoustic emissions to track cracking. The evolution of the porous network was
assessed via X-ray computed tomography, He-pycnometry, and relative gas permeability. High starting
connected porosities led to low apparent viscosities and high strain rates, initially accompanied by abundant
acoustic emissions. As compaction ensued, the lavas evolved; apparent viscosity increased and strain rate
decreased due to strain hardening of the suspensions. Permeability fluctuations resulted from the interplay
between viscous flow and brittle failure. Where phenocrysts were abundant, cracks had limited spatial
extent, and pore closure decreased axial and radial permeability proportionally, maintaining the initial
anisotropy. In crystal-poor lavas, axial cracks had a more profound effect, and permeability anisotropy
switched to favor axial flow. Irrespective of porosity, both crystalline samples compacted to a threshold
minimum porosity of 17–19%, whereas the crystal-poor sample did not achieve its compaction limit. This
indicates that unconfined loading of porous dome lavas does not necessarily form an impermeable plug
and may be hindered, in part by the presence of crystals
Characterization of moderate ash-and-gas explosions at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, from infrasound waveform inversion and thermal infrared measurements
Spatially heterogeneous argon-isotope systematics and apparent <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in perlitised obsidian
In situ laser ablation Ar-isotope analyses of variably hydrated and devitrified obsidian from the ~ 27 Ma Cochetopa Dome, San Juan, USA, reveal complex interplay between degassing of initial Ar and absorption of atmospheric Ar. These processes have locally modified the Ar-isotope composition of the obsidian and led to spurious, spatially-heterogeneous Ar-isotope and 40Ar/39Ar age data. Small perlite beads exhibit older apparent Ar-ages at the rims than the cores. This is interpreted as an apparent excess of 40Ar at the rims, produced either by a) diffusion of excess 40Ar into the bead during flushing of the lava with excess 40Ar-bearing volcanic gas, or by b) isotopic fractionation during degassing of initial Ar, causing preferential loss of 36Ar over 40Ar at the bead rims. The second interpretation is favoured by a relative enrichment of 36Ar in the core of a perlite bead along a microlite-free (poorly degassed) flow band, and by a lack of age variation in a larger, fresh, well-degassed perlite bead. These isotopic gradients were later overprinted during glass hydration by absorption of Ar with near-atmospheric composition, resulting in elevated 36Ar and reduced radiogenic 40Ar* yields at the rims of perlite beads.
These complex interactions essentially represent the mixing of three distinct Ar reservoirs: initial trapped Ar that may or may not be fractionated, an isotopically atmospheric Ar component introduced during hydration, and radiogenic 40Ar*. Such reservoir mixing is the underlying reason for poor correlations on isotope correlation diagrams and the difficulties in validating the composition of the non-radiogenic Ar component. We thus suggest that high 36Ar yields are a combination of the incomplete degassing of initial (possibly magmatic) Ar and the gain of Ar during interaction between the obsidian and meteoric/atmospheric fluids. Our analyses emphasise the challenging nature of 40Ar/39Ar dating obsidian samples, but also point to possible solutions by careful sample characterisation and selection of highly degassed samples
Measurement of the electron electric dipole moment using GdIG
A new method for the detection of the electron edm using a solid is
described. The method involves the measurement of a voltage induced across the
solid by the alignment of the samples magnetic dipoles in an applied magnetic
field, H. A first application of the method to GdIG has resulted in a limit on
the electron edm of 5E-24 e-cm, which is a factor of 40 below the limit
obtained from the only previous solid-state edm experiment. The result is
limited by the imperfect discrimination of an unexpectedly large voltage that
is even upon the reversal of the sample magnetization.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, v2:references corrected, submitted to PRL,
v3:added labels to figure
- …