Structural modification along nuclear tracks of proton and heavy ions in poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) detectors

博士（工学）神戸大

Combination of amphotericin B and flucytosine against neurotropic species of melanized fungi causing Primary cerebral phaeohyphomycosis

PubMedID: 26833164Primary central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis is a fatal fungal infection due mainly to the neurotropic melanized fungi Cladophialophora bantiana, Rhinocladiella mackenziei, and Exophiala dermatitidis. Despite the combination of surgery with antifungal treatment, the prognosis continues to be poor, with mortality rates ranging from 50 to 70%. Therefore, a search for a more-appropriate therapeutic approach is urgently needed. Our in vitro studies showed that with the combination of amphotericin B and flucytosine against these species, the median fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices for strains ranged from 0.25 to 0.38, indicating synergy. By use of Bliss independence analysis, a significant degree of synergy was confirmed for all strains, with the sum AE ranging from 90.2 to 698.61%. No antagonism was observed. These results indicate that amphotericin B, in combination with flucytosine, may have a role in the treatment of primary cerebral infections caused by melanized fungi belonging to the order Chaetothyriales. Further in vivo studies and clinical investigations to elucidate and confirm these observations are warranted. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology.2013CB531601 Pfizer Astellas Pharma 2013ZX10004612 Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality: 81260236 14DZ2272900 National Natural Science Foundation of China Gilead SciencesS.S. has received a research grant from Astellas Pharma B.V. P.E.V. has served as a consultant to, and has received research grants from, Astellas, Basilea, Gilead Sciences, Merck, and Pfizer. The other authors declare no conflict of interest. This study was supported, in part, by the Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. The work of Wanqing Liao was supported by grant no. 2013CB531601 from the 973 Program of China, that of Weihua Pan by grant no. 2013ZX10004612 from National Science and Technology Major Projects of China, that of Wanqing Liao by grant no. 14DZ2272900 from the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, and that of Shuwen Deng by grant no. 81260236 of the National Natural Science Foundation of China

Intraspecific Diversity and Taxonomy of Emmonsia crescens

Contains fulltext : 229620.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)Emmonsia crescens is known as an environmental pathogen causing adiaspiromycosis in small rodents. As the generic name Emmonsia is no longer available for this species, its taxonomic position is re-evaluated. The intraspecific variation of Emmonsia crescens was analyzed using molecular, morphological, and physiological data, and the relationship between frequency of adiaspiromycosis and body temperature of host animals was explored. A North American and a pan-global lineage could be discerned, each with subclusters at low genetic distance. European strains produced the classical type of very large adiaspores, while in the North American lineage adiaspores relatively small, resembling the broad-based budding cells of Blastomyces. Members of the closely related genus Emergomyces may exhibit large, broad-based in addition to small, narrow-based budding cells. We conclude that the morphology of the pathogenic phase in these fungi differs gradationally between species and even populations, and is therefore less suitable as a diagnostic criterion for generic delimitation. Two Emmonsia species are reclassified in Emergomyces

Extensive tinea capitis and corporis in a child caused by Trichophyton verrucosum

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Geographic differences in trichothecene chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum in the Northwest and North of Iran

The diversity and prevalence of Fusarium species and their chemotypes on wheat in the North-West and North of Iran was determined. Wheat in these areas is severely affected by Fusarium head blight, with Fusarium graminearum as prevalent species causing 96% of the infections in the North-West and 50% in the Northern provinces. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characters and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, and parts of translation elongation factor 1-alpha and RNA polymerase subunit II sequences. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses show little haplotype variation between the F. graminearum strains collected from the different locations, but the isolates differ significantly in their trichothecene chemotypes as determined with a multilocus genotyping assay. E graminearum strains producing 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol were abundant in Ardabil (North-West of Iran), while in Golestan province (North of Iran) at the other side of the Caspian Sea especially nivalenol producing strains and a variety of other Fusarium species were observed. Strains producing 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol were rarely found in both areas. This is the first detailed study on Fusarium infections in Iranian wheat, showing large differences in prevalent etiological agents and in mycotoxin chemotypes geographically