969 research outputs found
Periinfarct rewiring supports recovery after primary motor cortex stroke.
After stroke restricted to the primary motor cortex (M1), it is uncertain whether network reorganization associated with recovery involves the periinfarct or more remote regions. We studied 16 patients with focal M1 stroke and hand paresis. Motor function and resting-state MRI functional connectivity (FC) were assessed at three time points: acute (<10 days), early subacute (3 weeks), and late subacute (3 months). FC correlates of recovery were investigated at three spatial scales, (i) ipsilesional non-infarcted M1, (ii) core motor network (M1, premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary somatosensory cortex), and (iii) extended motor network including all regions structurally connected to the upper limb representation of M1. Hand dexterity was impaired only in the acute phase (P = 0.036). At a small spatial scale, clinical recovery was more frequently associated with connections involving ipsilesional non-infarcted M1 (Odds Ratio = 6.29; P = 0.036). At a larger scale, recovery correlated with increased FC strength in the core network compared to the extended motor network (rho = 0.71;P = 0.006). These results suggest that FC changes associated with motor improvement involve the perilesional M1 and do not extend beyond the core motor network. Core motor regions, and more specifically ipsilesional non-infarcted M1, could hence become primary targets for restorative therapies
Exactly Solvable Birth and Death Processes
Many examples of exactly solvable birth and death processes, a typical
stationary Markov chain, are presented together with the explicit expressions
of the transition probabilities. They are derived by similarity transforming
exactly solvable `matrix' quantum mechanics, which is recently proposed by
Odake and the author. The (-)Askey-scheme of hypergeometric orthogonal
polynomials of a discrete variable and their dual polynomials play a central
role. The most generic solvable birth/death rates are rational functions of
( being the population) corresponding to the -Racah polynomial.Comment: LaTeX, amsmath, amssymb, 24 pages, no figure
Strong asymptotics for Cauchy biorthogonal polynomials with application to the Cauchy two--matrix model
We apply the nonlinear steepest descent method to a class of 3x3
Riemann-Hilbert problems introduced in connection with the Cauchy two-matrix
random model. The general case of two equilibrium measures supported on an
arbitrary number of intervals is considered. In this case, we solve the
Riemann-Hilbert problem for the outer parametrix in terms of sections of a
spinorial line bundle on a three-sheeted Riemann surface of arbitrary genus and
establish strong asymptotic results for the Cauchy biorthogonal polynomials.Comment: 31 pages, 12 figures. V2; typos corrected, added reference
Can education change the world? Education amplifies differences in liberalization values and innovation between developed and developing countries
The present study investigated the relationship between level of education and liberalization values in large, representative samples administered in 96 countries around the world (total N = 139,991). These countries show meaningful variation in terms of the Human Development Index (HDI), ranging from very poor, developing countries to prosperous, developed countries. We found evidence of cross-level interactions, consistently showing that individuals' level of education was associated with an increase in their liberalization values in higher HDI societies, whereas this relationship was curbed in lower HDI countries. This enhanced liberalization mindset of individuals in high HDI countries, in turn, was related to better scores on national indices of innovation. We conclude that this 'education amplification effect' widens the gap between lower and higher HDI countries in terms of liberalized mentality and economic growth potential. Policy implications for how low HDI countries can counter this gap are discussed
Critical behavior in Angelesco ensembles
We consider Angelesco ensembles with respect to two modified Jacobi weights
on touching intervals [a,0] and [0,1], for a < 0. As a \to -1 the particles
around 0 experience a phase transition. This transition is studied in a double
scaling limit, where we let the number of particles of the ensemble tend to
infinity while the parameter a tends to -1 at a rate of order n^{-1/2}. The
correlation kernel converges, in this regime, to a new kind of universal
kernel, the Angelesco kernel K^{Ang}. The result follows from the Deift/Zhou
steepest descent analysis, applied to the Riemann-Hilbert problem for multiple
orthogonal polynomials.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figure
Continuous variable private quantum channel
In this paper we introduce the concept of quantum private channel within the
continuous variables framework (CVPQC) and investigate its properties. In terms
of CVPQC we naturally define a "maximally" mixed state in phase space together
with its explicit construction and show that for increasing number of
encryption operations (which sets the length of a shared key between Alice and
Bob) the encrypted state is arbitrarily close to the maximally mixed state in
the sense of the Hilbert-Schmidt distance. We bring the exact solution for the
distance dependence and give also a rough estimate of the necessary number of
bits of the shared secret key (i.e. how much classical resources are needed for
an approximate encryption of a generally unknown continuous-variable state).
The definition of the CVPQC is analyzed from the Holevo bound point of view
which determines an upper bound of information about an incoming state an
eavesdropper is able to get from his optimal measurement.Comment: upper bound on information Eve can get was revised and substantially
lowered (chapter IV), part of chapter III rewritten, several typos correcte
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