Toward improved durability in advanced combustors and turbines: Progress in the prediction of thermomechanical loads

NASA is sponsoring the Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology (HOST) Project to address the need for improved durability in advanced combustors and turbines. Analytical and experimental activities aimed at more accurate prediction of the aerothermal environment, the thermomechanical loads, the material behavior and structural responses to such loading, and life predictions for high temperature cyclic operation have been underway for several years and are showing promising results. Progress is reported in the development of advanced instrumentation and in the improvement of combustor aerothermal and turbine heat transfer models that will lead to more accurate prediction of thermomechanical loads

Reframing the Fields

The conception of metaphoric process elaborated by Mary Gerhart and Allan Russell illuminates a key mechanism often involved in the most significant advances in science and religion. Attention to this conceptual device provides a productive way to reframe the relationships and dialogues between the fields. The theory has compelling implications for reframing the understanding of theology and its task

Development of practical high temperature superconducting wire for electric power application

The technology of high temperature superconductivity has gone from beyond mere scientific curiousity into the manufacturing environment. Single lengths of multifilamentary wire are now produced that are over 200 meters long and that carry over 13 amperes at 77 K. Short-sample critical current densities approach 5 x 104 A/sq cm at 77 K. Conductor requirements such as high critical current density in a magnetic field, strain-tolerant sheathing materials, and other engineering properties are addressed. A new process for fabricating round BSCCO-2212 wire has produced wires with critical current densities as high as 165,000 A/sq cm at 4.2 K and 53,000 A/sq cm at 40 K. This process eliminates the costly, multiple pressing and rolling steps that are commonly used to develop texture in the wires. New multifilamentary wires with strengthened sheathing materials have shown improved yield strengths up to a factor of five better than those made with pure silver. Many electric power devices require the wire to be formed into coils for production of strong magnetic fields. Requirements for coils and magnets for electric power applications are described

Regulation of L1 expression and retrotransposition by melatonin and its receptor: implications for cancer risk associated with light exposure at night.

Expression of long interspersed element-1 (L1) is upregulated in many human malignancies. L1 can introduce genomic instability via insertional mutagenesis and DNA double-strand breaks, both of which may promote cancer. Light exposure at night, a recently recognized carcinogen, is associated with an increased risk of cancer in shift workers. We report that melatonin receptor 1 inhibits mobilization of L1 in cultured cells through downregulation of L1 mRNA and ORF1 protein. The addition of melatonin receptor antagonists abolishes the MT1 effect on retrotransposition in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, melatonin-rich, but not melatonin-poor, human blood collected at different times during the circadian cycle suppresses endogenous L1 mRNA during in situ perfusion of tissue-isolated xenografts of human cancer. Supplementation of human blood with exogenous melatonin or melatonin receptor antagonist during the in situ perfusion establishes a receptor-mediated action of melatonin on L1 expression. Combined tissue culture and in vivo data support that environmental light exposure of the host regulates expression of L1 elements in tumors. Our data imply that light-induced suppression of melatonin production in shift workers may increase L1-induced genomic instability in their genomes and suggest a possible connection between L1 activity and increased incidence of cancer associated with circadian disruption

Hubungan Empati Petani Dan Keterampilan Sebagai Fasilitator Di Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian Dan Pedesaan Swadaya Jawa Barat

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan empati petani dan keterampilan sebagai fasilitator pembelajaran bagi para petani di Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian Swadaya (P4S). Jenis penelitian adalah survei dengan melibatkan 140 orang petani fasilitator P4S di 17 kabupaten, Provinsi Jawa Barat sebagai responden. Sebanyak 86,43% responden memiliki empati dalam kategori sedang dan 13,57% berada dalam kategori tinggi. Sebanyak 54,29% responden memiliki keterampilan memfasilitasi berada dalam kategori tinggi dan 45,71% dalam kategori sedang. Analisis korelasional menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara empati dan keterampilan memfasilitasi (p<0,05) dengan derajat hubungan yang lemah (r=0,02)

Shape Memory Polyurethane with Porous Architectures for Potential Applications in Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment

Conventional endovascular embolization of intracranial (or brain) aneurysms using helical detachable platinum coils can be time-consuming and occasionally requires retreatment due to incomplete coil packing. These shortcomings create a need for new biomedical devices and methods of achieving brain aneurysm occlusion. This paper presents a biocompatible and highly porous shape memory polymer (SMP) material with potential applications in the development of novel endovascular devices for treating complex intracranial aneurysms. The novel highly porous polyurethane SMP is synthesized as an open cell foam material with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 39 °C using a sugar particle leaching method. Once heated above the Tg, the compressed SMP foam is able to quickly return to its original shape. An electrical resistance heating method is also employed to demonstrate a potential triggering design for the shape recovery process in future medical applications. The mechanical properties of the developed SMP foam are characterized at temperatures up to 10 °C above the respective Tg. The results from this work demonstrate that the porous SMP material developed in this study and the electrical resistance heating trigger mechanism provide a solid foundation for future design of biomedical devices to enhance the long-term therapeutic outcomes of endovascular intracranial aneurysm treatments.Open access fees fees for this article provided whole or in part by OU Libraries Open Access Fund.Ye

Тенденції розвитку національної інноваційної системи в Україні

Проаналізовано національну інноваційну систему України. Розглянуто галузі промисловості України за ознаками інноваційної активності та досліджено темпи зростання показників, враховуючи індекс інфляції. Встановлено, що спад темпів зростання динаміки реалізованої продукції призводить до зменшення витрат на інноваційну діяльність.Дан анализ национальной инновационной системы Украины. Рассмотрены отрасли промышленности Украины по признакам инновационной активности и исследованы темпы роста показателей, учитывая индекс инфляции. Установлено, что спад темпов роста динамики реализованной продукции приводит к уменьшению затрат на инновационную деятельность.This article analyses national innovation system of Ukraine. Examined the industry of Ukraine based on innovative activity and investigated the growth indicators, taking into account inflation-index. It is established that the slowdown in the dynamics realized production leads to a decrease in the cost of innovation

Microcalibrator system for chemical signature and reagent delivery.

Networked systems of low-cost, small, integrable chemical sensors will enable monitoring of Nonproliferation and Materials Control targets and chemical weapons threats. Sandia-designed prototype chemical sensor systems are undergoing extended field testing supported by DOE and other government agencies. A required surety component will be verification of microanalytical system performance, which can be achieved by providing a programmable source of chemical signature(s) for autonomous calibration of analytical systems. In addition, such a controlled chemical source could be used to dispense microaliquots of derivatization reagents, extending the analysis capability of chemical sensors to a wider range of targets. We have developed a microfabricated system for controlled release of selected compounds (calibrants) into the analytical stream of microsensor systems. To minimize pumping and valve requirements of microfluidic systems, and to avoid degradation issues associated with storage of dilute solutions, we have utilized thermally labile organic salts as solid-phase reservoir materials. Reproducible deposition of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide onto arrays of microfabricated heating elements can provide a pair of calibration marker compounds (one fast and one slow-eluting compound) for GC analyses. The use of this microaliquot gas source array for hydrogen generation is currently under further development. The goal of the latter effort will be to provide a source of high-pressure, low viscosity GC carrier gas for Sandia's next-generation microfabricated gas-phase chemical analysis systems