Quranic Lexical Semantics of Izutsu and ʻAllāmah Ṭabātabāʼī: a Comparative Appraisal: Semántica léxica coránica de Izutsu y ʻAllāmah Ṭabātabāʼī: una evaluación comparativa

This study evaluates the principles and methods of Izutsu and ʻAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʼī in the semantics of Quranic concepts, using a comparative analysis. Looking at his semantic principles, it becomes clear that ʻAllāmah believed in more flexibility for the meaning of each word in the text, and this flexibility could bring him closer to the various messages incorporated into the text by the words used by the author, although he did not make full use of this capacity in practice. In contrast, Izutsu emphasized the principle that the meanings of words change in relation to individuals’ changing worldview. Although this principle facilitated better semantics of the Quranic concepts, it also abandoned the basic core meaning of words, replacing them with alternative, false meanings. Additional-ly, it did not specify the principles of sentence semantics and had an ineffective method of analyzing conflicts in the meanings of a word in the text, especially in a religious text. The semantic principle used by Allāmah appears to be more efficient in understanding the real message of the text. Therefore, a fusion of his method with Izutsu’s ‘semantic fields’ would be a big step towards achieving a correct understanding of the meanings of Quranic words.Este estudio evalúa los principios y métodos de ʻAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʼī e Izutsu en la semántica de los conceptos coránicos, utilizando un análisis comparativo. Basándose en sus principios semánticos, ʻAllāmah creía en una mayor flexibilidad para el significado de cada palabra en el texto, y esta flexibilidad podría acercarlo a los diversos mensajes in-corporados en el texto por las palabras utilizadas por el autor, aunque no utilizó completa-mente esta capacidad en la práctica. Por el contrario, Izutsu hizo hincapié en el principio de que elsignificado de las palabras cambia en relación con la visión cambiante del mundo de los individuos. Aunque este principio facilitó una mejor semántica de los conceptos co-ránicos, abandonó el significado básico y central de las palabras reemplazando los signifi-cados alternativos y falsos por ellos. Tampoco especificó los principios de la semántica de las oraciones y tenía un método ineficaz para analizar los conflictos en los significados de una palabra en el texto, especialmente en un texto religioso. El principio semántico utilizado por Allāmah parece ser más eficiente para comprender el mensaje real del texto. Por lo tanto, una fusión de su método con los “campos semánticos” de Izutsu será un gran paso para lograr una correcta comprensión de los significados de las palabras coránicas

A FUZZY BI-LEVEL PROJECT PORTFOLIO PLANNING CONSIDERING THE DECENTRALIZED STRUCTURE OF PHARMACY HOLDINGS

Research and development (R&D) in the pharmaceutical industry requires proper and optimal planning and management because of its critical role in public health. Taking into account a decentralized decision-making structure in R&D management in pharmaceutical holding companies, this study introduces a new fuzzy bi-level multi-follower mathematical optimization model to address budget allocation and project portfolio planning. Specifically, the holding company's head office, as the leader, and the subsidiaries, as followers, make strategic and operational decisions concerning important issues such as budget allocation and portfolio selection and scheduling. Since the lower level represents multiple mixed-integer programming problems with uncooperative reference relationships between followers, solving the resulting bi-level model is challenging. Therefore, our model is based on an effective hybrid solution methodology, which converts the bi-level model, including multiple followers, into a single-level model. In order to validate the proposed model, we conducted a case study and analyzed the strategies of each actor within the conglomerate. Based on the results of experiments, it is evident that a strategy that focuses on one level of operations profoundly affects decisions at the other level

Autism and Probable Prerequisites: Severe and Scheduled Prenatal Stresses at Spotligh

Background: Due to the importance of prenatal maternal stress as environmental factor on autism, the influ-ence of prenatal maternal psychological agitations was assessed in relation with the risk of autism. Methods: In this case-control study, some mothers of autistic children in Isfahan, central Iran, in 2014, were retrospectively compared with control mothers in terms of quantity, quality, andschedule of exposure to 45 stressful events in a 15-month period. In addition, dividing the stressors into two groups of genome-dependent/independent events, their prevalence was separately scrutinized and compared among patient and control families. Results: Although the child’s risk of autism increases significantly with the increase of maternal stress during months 4-7 of pregnancy, the increased stress during months 2-3 of pregnancy can lead to a significant increase in the severity of autism affliction as well as a slight but significant increase in the possibility of LFA in afflicted children (P<0.05). The overall prevalence of genome-dependent stressful events among two patient and control groups was significantly higher than that of genome-independent events (P=0.000), but genome-dependent events led to more stress inpatient families. Conclusion: Although the present study consistent with recent findings in the fields of epigenetics and gene-environment interactions can confirm the role of severe and scheduled prenatal stresses in causing autism, it does not deny the necessity of a perspective and wider study in Isfahan and Iran

The study of Kufic inscriptional elements (Surah Yasin) in Shoushtar Congregational Mosque

Shoushtar Congregational Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in Iran. Al-Motazebollah, the 13th Abbasid caliph, order the construction of this monument in 254 AH, and it was completed during the reign of 23rd Caliph, al-Mostarshedobellah (512-529 AH). The mosque was later renovated. This mosque has several inscriptions written in Kufic script. One of these inscriptions is mounted on the wall of the mosque. The inscription is 32 meters in length, with some of the verses of Surah Yasin being rendered in Kufic script. The current study aimed to investigate the elements of this inscription and its rules of calligraphy and visual quality.  The current study aimed to find out the details of this valuable inscription, thereby revealing the specific feature of these inscriptional elements and their quantitative diversity. Concerning this issue, "Abdollah Quchani and Mahnaz Rahimiifar" (2003) have addressed some of the existing inscriptions in a book entitled "Inscriptions of Mosques in Shooshtar Congregational Mosque and Imamzadeh Abdullah”.Seyyed Vahid Mousavi Jazayeri" (2016) in a book entitled "Kufic Stone Inscriptions 1” studied Kufic scripts of Shushtar Congregational Mosque. In 2015, the same author explored the conceptual meaning of the inscription and the reason behind the type of script in another book, "The Kufic Inscriptions of Shushtar Congregational Mosque 2. In addition, Ibrahim Delavaran (2016) investigated these inscriptions from the third century to the late Qajar Period in his thesis "The Aesthetic Study of Shushtar Islamic Inscriptions" Sara Omidbakhsh (2018) did an article entitled “A comparative study of mosques with an emphasis on Shushtar Congregational Mosque as Islamic-Iranian architecture”. The difference between the mentioned study and the literature lies in the investigation of Kufic script elements of Surah Yassin in Shooshtar Congregational Mosque

Sero-prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in Neyshabur, Iran, during 2010-2015

Backgrounds & Objective: The Helicobacter pylori prevalence has continuously decreased during recent years in Iran. The current study aimed at determining H. pylori prevalence in Neyshabur city, Northeast Iran, during 2010-2015. Methods: The current epidemiologic survey was conducted in Neyshabur from 2010 to 2015 to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection. A total of 11596 participants (3681 male with the mean age of 31.7±6.2 years and 7915 female with mean age of 68.3±4.7 years) were included. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for the detection of H. pylori and Stat Fax 3200® Microplate Reader (USA) with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 98% were used. Titers above 12 units were considered positive for IgG, IgA, and IgM (negative 12 U). The Chi-square t test and F test were used to analyze data. Results: The overall IgA, IgG, and IgM seropositive samples among the study participants were 852 (7.2%), 9000 (72.8%), and 1256 (5.2%), respectively. The IgA seropositivity was significantly high among the age group above 51 years, compared with the other age groups. Moreover, the IgG and IgM seropositivity were significantly high among the age groups 41 to 50 and 31 to 40 years respectively, compared with the other age groups. There was no significant difference between male and female cases regarding IgA and IgG seropositive samples, but IgM level was significantly higher among females, compared with that of the male cases. Furthermore, there was no significant alteration in IgA, IgG, and IgM seropositivity during 2010-2014 in Neyshabur. Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori in Neyshabur was high in the healthy population. Furthermore, the H. pylori prevalence did not change from 2010 to 2014 in the studied city. Effective approaches to improve health, educational, and socioeconomic status should be implemented to minimize and control H. pylori infection

Avaliando o comprometimento organizacional dos professores da escola secundária com base na teoria dos dois fatores de higiene de motivos de Herzberg

main aim of the present study is evaluating organizational commitment of secondary school's teachers based on Herzberg's Motive- hygiene two-factor theory. A descriptive-survey method is used in this study. The statistical population of this study included the secondary school's teachers of the education administration of Jahrom city. They were 330 persons at the time of study. The sample size was 178 persons based on Kerjesi-Morgan's table and the sampling was done by a stratified- randomized method. Two questionnaires of organizational commitment (Allen and Meyer) and motive- hygiene two-factor (job expectation) (Lussier) were used for gathering information. The validity and reliability of questionnaires were confirmed. Indexes such as mean and standard deviation, One – Sample T Test, Pearson correlative coefficient, Independent- Samples T – Test, stepwise multivariate regression analysis and One - Way Analysis of Variance of two parts of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data respectively. Results of the analyzed data showed that there is a significant relationship between motive- hygiene factors and organizational commitment. There is no significant difference between hygiene factors of male and female teachers but the rate of hygiene factors of female teachers is more than the male&nbsp;teachers. There is also no significant difference between organizational commitment of male and female teachers but the rate of teachers with associate of arts is more than the teachers with Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts (or sciences).El objetivo principal del presente estudio es evaluar el compromiso organizacional de los docentes de la escuela secundaria basado en la teoría de Herzberg sobre la motivación de dos factores. Un método de encuesta descriptiva se utiliza en este estudio. La población estadística de este estudio incluyó a los profesores de la escuela secundaria de la administración educativa de la ciudad de Jahrom. Eran 330 personas en el momento del estudio. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 178 personas según la tabla de Kerjesi-Morgan y el muestreo se realizó por un método estratificado y aleatorizado. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios de compromiso organizacional (Allen y Meyer) y de motivación por motivos de dos factores (expectativa de trabajo) (Lussier) para recabar información. La validez y fiabilidad de los cuestionarios fueron confirmadas. Se usaron índices como media y desviación estándar, prueba T de una muestra, coeficiente correlativo Pearson, prueba T de muestras independientes, análisis de regresión multivariante por pasos y análisis de varianza de una vía de dos partes de estadística descriptiva y estadística inferencial para analizar el datos respectivamente. Los resultados de los datos analizados mostraron que existe una relación significativa entre los factores de higiene motivacional y el compromiso organizacional. No hay una diferencia significativa entre los factores de higiene de los docentes masculinos y femeninos, pero la tasa de factores de higiene de las maestras es más que la de los docentes masculinos. Tampoco hay una diferencia significativa entre el compromiso organizacional de maestros y maestras, pero la tasa de maestros con asociado de artes es más que la de maestros con Licenciatura en Artes y Maestría en Artes (o ciencias).O principal objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o comprometimento organizacional de professores do ensino médio baseado na teoria de Herzberg sobre a motivação de dois fatores. Um método de pesquisa descritiva é usado neste estudo. A população estatística deste estudo incluiu os professores do ensino médio da administração educacional da cidade de Jahrom. Havia 330 pessoas no momento do estudo. O tamanho da amostra foi de 178 pessoas, de acordo com a tabela de Kerjesi-Morgan, e a amostragem foi realizada por método estratificado e randomizado. Dois questionários de comprometimento organizacional (Allen e Meyer) e motivação foram usados por razões de dois fatores (expectativa de trabalho) (Lussier) para coletar informações. A validade e confiabilidade dos questionários foram confirmadas. índices como média e desvio padrão, amostra teste t, Pearson coeficiente de correlação, t-teste em amostras independentes, análise de regressão multivariada e análise de variância através de duas partes de estatística descritiva e estatística inferencial foram utilizados para analisar o dados, respectivamente. Os resultados dos dados analisados mostraram que existe uma relação significativa entre fatores de higiene motivacional e comprometimento organizacional. Não há diferença significativa entre os fatores de higiene de professores do sexo masculino e feminino, mas a taxa de fatores de higiene das professoras é maior do que a dos professores do sexo masculino. Também não há uma diferença significativa entre o comprometimento organizacional dos professores, mas a taxa de professores de artes associados é mais do que professores com Bachelor of Arts e Master of Arts (ou ciência)

Coincidence of Compound Odontoma and Cemento Ossifying Fibroma; A Rare Case Report

Objective: Cemento-ossifying fibroma defines as a relative rare osteogenic neoplasm of the jaw. This tumor includes fibrous and osseous components. Odontoma is the most common odontogenic tumor containing enamel ,dentin ,cementum and pulp tissue. in this paper we report a  rare case of ossifying fibroma associated with compound odontoma in the mandible. Case: A 37-years-old woman was referred to Oral Medicine department , Shahid Beheshti Dental School with complaint of swelling in the anterior part of the mandible, over 6 years period. Clinical examination revealed mandibular enlargement in right –anterior region with labial and lingual expansion and canine missing . panoramic view showed a large mixed radiolucent -  radiopaque lesion associated with impacted canine.The differential diagnosis include calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) and cemento-ossifying fibroma(COF). Histopathologic examination established diagnosis of COF with multiple compound odontoma .Conclusion: The relationship between the occurrence of these two lesions is not clear and more studies are needed to establish the relationship between them

Assessing the Relationship between Serum Testosterone Levels and COVID-19 Outcomes in Admitted Patients

Introduction: With the emergence of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, a high toll of mortality and morbidity was imposed on Iran. Despite endeavors to control the disease using the social distancing protocols, isolations, quarantine and vaccination, COVID-19 is still afflicting individuals by mutation and development of new variants. Studies suggest higher morbidity and mortality among men compared to women, and in men with underlying diseases. Studies suggest low serum testosterone level as a risk factor for more severe diseases. We aimed to assess the relation of testosterone level with laboratory investigation and its effect on COVID-19 disease outcomes. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients were selected from those referred to Shohada-e-Tajrish hospital during February 2022 till July 2022. The patients were further categorized in two groups regarding their need for respiratory support: patients who did not need invasive respiratory support and patients who needed invasive respiratory support and were admitted to the intensive care unit. Blood samples were collected for laboratory examination. Each patient was followed for one month, and the outcomes were recorded. Results: The mean age of the participants was 64.44 years including 33 men and 37 women. Mean serum total and free testosterone level was 0.45 nmol/L and 1.22 nmol/L, respectively. Demised patients were significantly older and had significantly lower total testosterone levels. D-dimer was significantly higher in demised patients. Conclusion: Serum total testosterone levels can be used as a prognostic factor to predict COVID-19 patients’ prognosis. Serum total testosterone is inversely associated with disease severity, and lower serum total testosterone level is significantly associated with higher mortality. Moreover, inflammatory markers such as D-dimer can be used to determine prognosis and severity

The Correlation between Intersegmental Coordination Variability and Frontal Plane Hip Kinematics during Running in Persons with Patellofemoral Pain

Background: Despite the existing evidence indicating altered hip kinematics as well as the studies showing altered movement coordination variability in persons with patellofemoral pain (PFP), there is no study investigating the correlation between hip joint kinematic and movement coordination variability in persons with patellofemoral pain (PFP).Objective: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between peak hip adduction and variability of thigh frontal-shank transverse coordination during running in persons with PFP.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional correlational study, kinematic data were collected from 34 females (17 with and 17 without PFP) aged 18-35 years during treadmill running at preferred and fixed speeds, each for 30 s. The continuous relative phase method was used to calculate the coordination of thigh frontal-shank transverse. To calculate the deviation phase as the variability of intersegmental coordination, the standard deviation of the ensemble continuous relative phase curve points was averaged. The parameters of interest were peak hip adduction and coordination variability of thigh frontal-shank transverse. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) was used to calculate the correlation between the variables.Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation between the peak hip adduction angle and variability of thigh frontal– shank transverse during running at both fixed (r=-0.553, P0.05).  Conclusion: The results indicated that greater adduction of the hip joint in persons with PFP during running is contributed to lesser variability of thigh frontal-shank transverse

HYSSOP and POLIUM could help to prevent COVID-19 in high-risk population: The results of a parallel randomized placebo-controlled field trial

243-253This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of HYSSOP (composed of Hyssopus officinalis L., Echium amoenum Fisch & C. A. Mey and Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) and POLIUM (contained Teucrium polium L., Cuscuta epithymum Murr and Cichorium intybus L.) combined distilled herbal medicines compared to placebo in the prevention of COVID-19. This is a double-blind parallel placebo-controlled field trial conducted on 751 asymptomatic individuals whose one of the family members recently had a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19. They were divided into three groups including POLIUM, HYSSOP and placebo using random blocks with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. Participants received daily 5 cc (under 12 years) or 10 cc (over 12 years) of allocated oral medications for 20 days. The primary outcome was the frequency of positive RT-PCR test among participants who became symptomatic. The mean age of participants was 36.6. Nineteen participants get infected by COVID-19 during the intervention; fifteen of them belonged to the placebo and four to the POLIUM group. Fisher's exact test indicated significant differences between HYSSOP and placebo (p<0.001) as well as POLIUM and placebo (p=0.009) groups in terms of COVID-19 confirmed by PCR tests. Cox regression model adjusted for confounders illustrated that the hazard of getting infection by COVID-19 in POLIUM and HYSSOP groups decreased by 66% (OR (95% CI): 0.34 (0.12 to 0.94); p=0.038) and 93% (OR (95% CI): 0.07 (0.01to 0.56); p=0.012) respectively, compared to placebo .Oral administration of HYSSOP and POLIUM with the other supportive health care could decrease the risk of getting COVID-19