Information policy in times of electronic government: a preliminary study on Informational Governance in the State of Minas Gerais

Este trabalho é um estudo preliminar com foco em políticas públicas específicas, que possui como objeto a informação eletrônica disponibilizada ao cidadão, por meio de políticas de informação governamental, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Segundo Ferguson (2002, p.129), há uma estratégia, utilizada pelo governo britânico, norteada por quatro princípios: “a criação dos serviços com base nas opções dos cidadãos; tornar o governo e seus serviços mais acessíveis; inclusão social; melhoria na utilização da informação”. Deste modo, esses princípios nos servem aqui como norteadores deste estudo, que objetiva preliminarmente listar os serviços eletrônicos mais acessados do governo de Minas Gerais, como resposta ao primeiro princípio. Para tanto, o estudo pretende utilizar-se dos dados apresentados pela Superintendência Central de Governança Eletrônica. O Portal MG disponibiliza vários serviços de interesse a sociedade, mas que são desconhecidos pelos cidadãos. Estes serviços necessitam de um trabalho de divulgação entre os cidadãos para que eles possam utilizar-se dos e-gov disponíveis nos sites governamentais para minimizar ou solucionar as demandas da sociedade e tentar reverter a fama de ineficiência da organização pública. Em sua dissertação e trabalho apresentado no Enancib XI, Massensini (2010) aponta a necessidade de se investir em telecentros, como pontos de acesso público; em letramento informacional, como ensino da linguagem digital que capacita o cidadão para o uso das TICs (Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação) e participação do governo eletrônico; e promoção de oportunidades sociais que colaborem para a construção da cidadania plena.This paper is a preliminary study focusing on specific policies, which investigates the electronic information available to citizens through government information policies in the State of Minas Gerais. According to Ferguson (2002, p.129), there is a strategy used by the British government which is guided by four principles: create services based on the choices of citizens, make government services more accessible, facilitate social inclusion and improve the use of information." These principles are used to guide this study, which aims to list the most accessed electronic services offered by the government of Minas Gerais, in response to the first principle. The study uses data submitted by the Central Superintendence of Electronic Governance. The MG Portal provides various services of interest to the society but which are unknown to the public. These services require an outreach work among citizens so they can use the e-gov sites made available by the government to minimize or solve the demand of society and try to reverse reputation for inefficiency of the public organization. In his study and work presented at the XI Enancib, Massensini (2010) points out the necessity to invest in telecentres as public access points; promote information literacy to educate the citizen to use digital and ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) and participate of e-government; and provide social opportunities to collaborate for the construction of citizenship

A concepção interdisciplinar nos currículos de formação docente em Física de universidades federais brasileiras: a ideia da interdisciplinaridade como refratada nas políticas educacionais

A presente pesquisa focaliza o processo de reestruturação dos cursos de licenciatura plena em Física de cinco universidades públicas brasileiras inseridas no Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (REUNI), buscando elucidar aspectos relacionados à formação docente e, também, compreender como a noção de interdisciplinaridade presente nas diretrizes gerais do programa se modifica nos currículos ao longo dos anos. Os cinco cursos identificados foram selecionados por meio de um levantamento documental e, com isso, coletamos os projetos político-pedagógicos (PPP) disponibilizados nas plataformas digitais de cada instituição. A partir da análise desses documentos, estruturamos um estudo assentado na concepção de refração da política educacional – como definido por Rudd e Goodson (2016). Com a articulação das narrativas sistêmicas, identificamos cinco eixos temáticos relacionados à interdisciplinaridade: (1) a formação globalizante; (2) o trabalho pedagógico organizado em áreas de conhecimento e núcleos específicos; (3) o fortalecimento da comunicação entre os docentes, departamentos e comunidades científicas; (4) a integração dos pilares acadêmicos; e (5) o conservadorismo institucional. Como conclusões do estudo destacamos que houve um avanço significativo na ressignificação do conceito e formas de implementação de uma formação de cunho interdisciplinar, mas que precisam estar acompanhadas de mudanças paradigmáticas na prática docente onde as inovações curriculares tracem nos PPP intervenções pedagógicas igualmente inovadoras para assim avançar propostas potentes e emancipatórias

Striatal Acetylcholine Helps to Preserve Functional Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Stroke

Acetylcholine (ACh) has been suggested to facilitate plasticity and improve functional recovery after different types of brain lesions. Interestingly, numerous studies have shown that striatal cholinergic interneurons are relatively resistant to acute ischemic insults, but whether ACh released by these neurons enhances functional recovery after stroke is unknown. We investigated the role of endogenous striatal ACh in stroke lesion volume and functional outcomes following middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce focal ischemia in striatum-selective vesicular acetylcholine transporter-deficient mice (stVAChT-KO). As transporter expression is almost completely eliminated in the striatum of stVAChT-KO mice, ACh release is nearly abolished in this area. Conversely, in other brain areas, VAChT expression and ACh release are preserved. Our results demonstrate a larger infarct size after ischemic insult in stVAChT-KO mice, with more pronounced functional impairments and increased mortality than in littermate controls. These changes are associated with increased activation of GSK-3, decreased levels of β-catenin, and a higher permeability of the blood–brain barrier in mice with loss of VAChT in striatum neurons. These results support a framework in which endogenous ACh secretion originating from cholinergic interneurons in the striatum helps to protect brain tissue against ischemia-induced damage and facilitates brain recovery by supporting blood–brain barrier function

Ensino de física e jogos de cartas: o lúdico como recurso didático na formação de professores

We investigate how games can collaborate in the initial training of future teachers, based on qualitative research carried out in 2019, by monitoring the Teaching Practice and Supervised Internship discipline, in the initial training course for physics teachers, at a University Public, located in the interior of the State of São Paulo (Brazil). In this context, our research focused on the preparation and use of card games in teaching. Experience reports from future teachers about their didactic activities in high school showed that games are valuable instruments for interaction, fun and learning. We analyze how innovation can be triggered by the mobilization of explicit and tacit knowledge. We discussed some aspects of teacher education that emerge from the construction of games for the Teaching of Physics, based on theoretical models by pedagogical knowledge.Investigamos como os jogos podem colaborar na formação inicial dos futuros professores, tomando por base uma pesquisa qualitativa conduzida durante o ano de 2019 na disciplina Prática de Ensino e Estágio Supervisionado, do curso de formação inicial de professores de Física, de uma Universidade Pública do interior do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Nesse contexto, nossa pesquisa elegeu como foco a elaboração e a utilização de jogos de cartas. Os relatos de experiência dos futuros professores sobre as suas atividades didáticas no ensino médio evidenciaram que os jogos foram valiosos instrumentos de interação, diversão e aprendizagem. Analisamos como a inovação pode ser deflagrada a partir da mobilização de conhecimentos explícitos e tácitos. Discutimos alguns aspectos da formação docente que emergem a partir da construção de jogos no ensino de física, com base nos modelos teóricos dos saberes docentes

UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA SOBRE INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE, CURRÍCULO E FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM FÍSICA

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura de pesquisas que concentram um olhar investigativo na tríade: interdisciplinaridade, currículo e formação docente em Física. Para isso, recorremos ao Portal de Periódicos CAPES a fim de coletar artigos que, de acordo com as discussões e os resultados apresentados, foram alocados em três categorias gerais de análise: (I) Princípios epistemológicos do ensino interdisciplinar; (II) Percepções sobre a interdisciplinaridade; (III) Práticas interdisciplinares na escola e na formação docente. Como resultado da investigação de 54 trabalhos a partir do método análise de conteúdo, por meio da identificação de unidades de significação por temas, compomos um panorama que permite compreender como as pesquisas da área exploram a problemática. Como resultado, depreende-se que as pesquisas apresentam desde perspectivas de nível local/micro (realidade institucional, cotidiano escolar e narrativas individuais) até instâncias nacionais e global (políticas educacionais e propostas curriculares oficiais), mostrando contextos, críticas, desafios e possibilidades na efetivação da interdisciplinaridade no currículo de Ciências da Natureza, em especial, da disciplina escolar Física, tanto na Educação Básica quanto no Ensino Superior

Recent Advances in the Therapeutic and Diagnostic Use of Liposomes and Carbon Nanomaterials in Ischemic Stroke

The complexity of the central nervous system (CNS), its limited self-repairing capacity and the ineffective delivery of most CNS drugs to the brain contribute to the irreversible and progressive nature of many neurological diseases and also the severity of the outcome. Therefore, neurological disorders belong to the group of pathologies with the greatest need of new technologies for diagnostics and therapeutics. In this scenario, nanotechnology has emerged with innovative and promising biomaterials and tools. This review focuses on ischemic stroke, being one of the major causes of death and serious long-term disabilities worldwide, and the recent advances in the study of liposomes and carbon nanomaterials for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is insufficient to meet metabolic demand, leading to a cascade of physiopathological events in the CNS including local blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption. However, to date, the only treatment approved by the FDA for this pathology is based on the potentially toxic tissue plasminogen activator. The techniques currently available for diagnosis of stroke also lack sensitivity. Liposomes and carbon nanomaterials were selected for comparison in this review, because of their very distinct characteristics and ranges of applications. Liposomes represent a biomimetic system, with composition, structural organization and properties very similar to biological membranes. On the other hand, carbon nanomaterials, which are not naturally encountered in the human body, exhibit new modes of interaction with biological molecules and systems, resulting in unique pharmacological properties. In the last years, several neuroprotective agents have been evaluated under the encapsulated form in liposomes, in experimental models of stroke. Effective drug delivery to the brain and neuroprotection were achieved using stealth liposomes bearing targeting ligands onto their surface for brain endothelial cells and ischemic tissues receptors. Carbon nanomaterials including nanotubes, fullerenes and graphene, started to be investigated and potential applications for therapy, biosensing and imaging have been identified based on their antioxidant action, their intrinsic photoluminescence, their ability to cross the BBB, transitorily decrease the BBB paracellular tightness, carry oligonucleotides and cells and induce cell differentiation. The potential future developments in the field are finally discussed

Differential effects of swimming training on neuronal calcium sensor-1 expression in rat hippocampus/cortex and in object recognition memory tasks

AbstractPhysical activity has been proposed as a behavioral intervention that improves learning and memory; nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these health benefits are still not well understood. Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS-1) is a member of a superfamily of proteins that respond to local Ca2+ changes shown to have an important role in learning and memory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of swimming training on NCS-1 levels in the rat brain after accessing cognitive performance. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (SG) or exercised groups (EG). The EG was subject to forced swimming activity, 30min/day, 5 days/week, during 8 weeks. Progressive load trials were performed in the first and last week in order to access the efficiency of the training. After the 8 week training protocol, memory performance was evaluated by the novel object preference and object location tasks. NCS-1 levels were measured in the cortex and hippocampus using immunoblotting. The EG performed statistically better for the spatial short-term memory (0.73±0.01) when compared to the SG (0.63±0.02; P<0.05). No statistically significant exercise-effect was observed in the novel object preference task (SG 0.65±0.02 and EG 0.68±0.02; p>0.05). In addition, chronic exercise promoted a significant increase in hippocampal NCS-1 levels (1.8±0.1) when compared to SG (1.17±0.08; P<0,05), but had no effect on cortical NCS-1 levels (SG 1.6±0.1 and EG 1.5±0.1; p>0.05). Results suggest that physical exercise would modulate the state of the neural network regarding its potential for plastic changes: physical exercise could be modulating NCS-1 in an activity dependent manner, for specific neural substrates, thus enhancing the cellular/neuronal capability for plastic changes in these areas; which, in turn, would differentially effect ORM task performance for object recognition and displacement

Anatomically dependent anticonvulsant properties of temporally-coded electrical stimulation

AbstractIn the PTZ animal model of epilepsy, electrical stimulation applied to the amygdaloid complex may result in either pro-convulsive or anticonvulsant effect, depending on the temporal pattern used (i.e. periodic-PS and non-periodic-NPS electrical stimulation). Our hypothesis is that the anatomical target is a determinant factor for the differential effect of temporally-coded patterns on seizure outcome. The threshold dose of PTZ to elicit forelimb clonus and generalized tonic–clonic seizure behavior was measured. The effect of amygdaloid complex PS on forelimb clonus threshold showed a pro-convulsive effect while NPS was anticonvulsant. NPS also significantly increased generalized tonic–clonic threshold; while PS, although at lower threshold levels, did not present statistical significance. Thalamus stimulation did not affect forelimb clonus threshold and showed similar anticonvulsant profiles for both PS and NPS on generalized tonic–clonic threshold. In summary, the anatomical target is a determinant factor on whether temporally-coded ES differentially modulates seizure outcome

EMPRESA JÚNIOR DA UniEVANGÉLICA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA PROMISSORA NA CONSULTORIA DE EMPRESAS E FORMAÇÃO DE ACADÊMICOS DE ADMINISTRAÇAO.

Esta pesquisa buscou investigar os procedimentos da Empresa Júnior da UniEVAGÉLICA e o desenvolvimento de projetos para as empresas, entidades e sociedade, utilizando profissionais éticos por meio da integração entre acadêmicos, professores e a colocação de estagiários no mercado. Utilizou-se o método indutivo para a coleta de dados, análise e interpretação de todas as variáveis. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi feito por meio de questionários aplicados aos acadêmicos e consultores, entrevistas com o diretor do cursode Administração e Coordenador do estágio. A CONSULTOIA EMPRESA JÚNIOR realiza trabalhos que vão desde a colocação de estagiários até o desenvolvimento de projetos. A clientela da CONSULTOIAEMPRESA JÚNIOR é composta por micro e pequenos empresários da cidade de Anápolis e região no estado de Goiás. Além de empresas, são atendidas pessoas físicas que buscam orientação de como iniciar um negócio.A existência de uma Empresa Júnior operante e transparente contribui positivamente para uma melhor visibilidade do curso, tornando um diferencial competitivo e proporcionando ao acadêmico a interação com o ambiente empresarial

Transgenic rat with overproduction of ubiquitous angiotensin-(1-7) presents neuroprotection in a model of ischemia and reperfusion

Recent studies showed that angiotensin-(1-7) has cerebroprotective actions in stroke. In the present study, we aim to test whether tissue overexpression of Angiotensin-(1-7), mainly in the brain provides neuroprotection in a model of ischemia/reperfusion by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion/reperfusion (BCCAo/R). Evaluation of neurological deficit scores and bilateral asymmetry test (BAT) were performed seven days after transient BCCAo/R in transgenic rats (TG-7371) overexpressing Angiotensin-(1-7) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. To assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability Evans blue dye (EB) was intravenously injected. Cytokine levels were quantified in the whole brain through Elisa assay and oxidative stress was measured 7 days after ischemia. The expression of AT(1) and Mas receptors and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was evaluated by RT-PCR. Neurological deficits were observed in both SD-BCCAo/R and TG-BCCAo/R, contrasting to sham-operated groups. However, TG-BCCAo/R showed a significant lower neurological score and latency in BAT when compared with SD-BCCAo/R. BBB integrity in TG-BCCAo/R was improved, since these animals showed lower extravasation of EB than SD-BCCAo/R. Interestingly, TG-BCCAo/R presented lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines when compared to SD-BCCAo/R. Levels of IL-10 were higher in SD-BCCAo/R than in SD control and even higher in TG-BCCAo/R. TG-BCCAo/R animals presented decreased levels of TBARS and increase in SOD activity and GSH levels when compared to SD sham rats. RT-PCR results showed higher levels of AT(1) receptor and iNOS in SD-BCCAo/R compared to TG-BCCAo/R, but no difference was observed for Mas receptor. The present study shows that lifetime increase in cerebral expression of an Ang-(1-7)-producing fusion protein induces neuroprotection in experimental global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, reassuring that, pharmacological strategies leading to increase in Ang-(1-7) can be an additional tool for stroke therapy