17 research outputs found

    Fusariose de la vanille. Un danger planétaire

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    La fusariose est une maladie très préoccupante pour la production mondiale de vanille naturelle. e lle est responsable d'importantes pertes dans toutes les zones de production. i l n'existe pas de moyen de lutte efficace. La solution semble s'acheminer par une combinaison de différentes méthodes, à commencer par la prévention

    Comment développer l’éveil à la création d’entreprise par la simulation ? Le cas du challenge Télécom Lille 1/IAE de Lille

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    Parmi les initiatives portées par les grandes écoles et les universités en matière de sensibilisation des étudiants à la création d’entreprise, il existe notamment le Challenge « Projets d’entreprendre », d’abord initié à Évry, puis transposé à Villeneuve d’Ascq. D’autres études destinées à mesurer les intentions et/ou les capacités entrepreneuriales des étudiants ont été réalisées, notamment celles conduites par Boissin, Chollet et Emin (2005), depuis 2005 sur des populations identiques à l’INT d’Évry et à Grenoble, mais aussi Arlotto et Bourcieu (2002), Arlotto et Jourdan (2003), Fayolle, Gailly et Lassas-Clerc. (2006), Léger-Jarniou (2008), dans des contextes similaires.À partir de l’expérience du Challenge menée à Villeneuve d’Ascq, l’objectif est de faire un retour sur les ambitions et sur les résultats obtenus en matière d’apprentissage, ainsi que sur la manière dont les élèves ingénieurs et les étudiants concernés vivent cette ouverture d’esprit à la création d’entreprise. Cet article insiste surtout sur les capitalisations d’expériences et de connaissances entrepreneuriales qui peuvent être acquises au terme d’une semaine fondée sur une simulation à but, adaptée à la création d’entreprise. Par rapport à ce public composite d’étudiants, celle-ci permet de proposer un modèle pédagogique basé sur les grands thèmes inhérents au développement des capacités entrepreneuriales, à savoir : comprendre, construire, apprendre.The “Challenge”: “Projets d’entreprendre” first initiated in Évry and then transposed in Villeneuve D’Ascq is part of the initiatives carried out by the French “Grandes Écoles” and universities enabling students to become aware of entrepreneurship. Further studies to measure students’ entrepreneurial intentions and/or capacities have already been undertaken, for instance by Boissin since 2005 on identical populations at the INT (Institut National des Télécommunications) of Évry and at Grenoble, but also by Arlotto and Bourcieu (2002), Arlotto and Jourdan (2003), Fayolle A., Gailly B., Lassas-Clerc N. (2006) and Léger-Jarniou (2008) in similar contexts.Based on the “Challenge” experience conducted in Villeneuve D’Ascq, the aim consists in reflecting on the learning ambitions and results obtained, but also on the way engineering students and the students involved live this openness to entrepreneurship. This article particularly focuses on experience and entrepreneurial knowledge capitalization that can be acquired at the end of a week based on a simulation with goals, suitable for entrepreneurship. With regards to this mixed public of students, it can offer a teaching model based on the major topics inherent in the development of entrepreneurial skills: understanding, building and learning.Entre las iniciativas tomadas por las « Grandes Écoles » francesas y las universidades para sensibilizar a los estudiantes a la creación de empresas, existe especialmente el Challenge « Projets d’entreprendre » (proyectos de emprender) primero iniciado en Évry y luego transpuesto en Villeneuve D’Ascq. Ya se han llevado a cabo otros estudios para medir las intenciones y/o las capacidades empresariales de los estudiantes como por ejemplo el de Boissin desde 2005 sobre poblaciones idénticas en el INT (Institut National des Télécommunications) de Évry y en Grenoble, sino también los de Arlotto y Bourcieu (2002), Arlotto y Jourdan (2003), Fayolle A., Gailly B., Lassas-Clerc N. (2006) y Léger-Jarniou (2008) en contextos similares.A partir de la experiencia del Challenge llevado en Villeneuve D’Ascq, la meta consiste en examinar retrospectivamente las ambiciones y los resultados obtenidos en materia de aprendizaje así como la manera en que los alumnos-ingenieros y los estudiantes concernidos viven esta amplitud de miras a la creación de empresas. Este artículo insiste sobre todo en las capitalizaciones de experiencias y de conocimientos empresariales que se pueden adquirir al cabo de una semana basada en una simulación con objetivos, adaptada a la creación de empresas. Con respecto a este público diverso de estudiantes, ésta permite proponer un modelo pedagógico basado en los grandes temas inherentes al desarrollo de las capacidades empresariales o sea : entender, construir y aprender

    Former et accompagner les étudiants porteurs de projet dans le cadre d’une formation diplômante-accompagnante en entrepreneuriat

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    Collection Gestion en liberté.Ouvrage labellisé FNEGE.International audienc

    Analysis of 10 km swimming performance of elite male and female open-water swimmers

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    International audienceThis study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions (i.e. World Cup races, European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games). Swimming speed and sex difference in swimming speed of the fastest and the top ten women and men per event competing at 10 km open-water races between 2008 and 2012 were analysed using single and multi-level regression analyses. A total of 2,591 swimmers (i.e. 1,120 women and 1,471 men) finished 47 races. Swimming speed of the fastest women (1.35 ± 0.9 m/s) and men (1.45 ± 0.10 m/s) showed no changes across years. The mean sex difference in swimming speed for the fastest swimmers was 6.8 ± 2.5%. Swimming speed of the top ten female swimmers per event was 1.34 ± 0.09 m/s and remained stable across the years. The top ten male swimmers per event showed a significant decrease in swimming speed over time, even though swimming speed in the first race (i.e. January 2008, 1.40 ± 0.0 m/s) was slower than the swimming speed in the last race (i.e. October 2012, 1.50 ± 0.0 m/s) (P < 0.05). To summarize, swimming performances remained stable for the fastest elite open-water swimmers at 10 km FINA competitions between 2008 and 2012, while performances of the top ten men tended to decrease. The sex difference in swimming speed in elite ultra-swimmers (~7%) appeared smaller compared to other ultra-distance disciplines such as running. Further studies should examine how body shape and physiology of elite open-water ultra-distance swimmers influence performances

    Grand angle sur les pré-incubateurs étudiants : les Hubhouse

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    A genome-wide assessment of the genetic diversity, evolution and relationships with allied species of the clonally propagated crop Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews

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    International audienceThe Vanilla genus is a complex taxonomic group characterized by a vegetative reproduction mode combined with intra- and inter-specific hybridizations, and polyploidy events. These factors strongly impact the diversification of the genus and complicate the delimitation of taxa. Among the hundred Vanilla species, Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews and Vanilla × tahitensis J. W. Moore are the main cultivated aromatic species. We applied Genotyping-by-Sequencing to explore the genetic diversity of these two cultivated vanilla species, seven closely related species and nineteen interspecific hybrids. The inter- and intra-specific relationships of 133 vanilla accessions were examined based on 2004 filtered SNPs. Our results showed a strong genetic structuring between the nine species studied, with wild species showing much lower heterozygosity levels than cultivated ones. Moreover, using Bayesian clustering analyses, the kinship of several hybrids could be verified. We evidenced in particular that Vanilla sotoarenasii and Vanilla odorata C.Presl may be the parental species of V. x tahitensis . The analysis of 1129 SNPs for 84 V . planifolia accessions showed a clear genetic demarcation between the vegetatively propagated traditional vanilla cultivars compared to the accessions derived from sexual reproduction, and a higher genetic diversity and lower heterozygosity of the latter (Ho = 0.206) compared to the former (Ho = 0.362). Our data are consistent with a single-step domestication for V. planifolia in accordance with the recent history of its cultivation. It also opens avenues to breed new V. planifolia varieties adapted to biotic and abiotic constraints and to reduce mutational load induced by clonal propagation
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