Uma análise sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nas comunidades: João Paulo II e Grotão

In the world scenario and specifically speaking of education in the Brazilian scenario we have many mishaps to solve. Education in Brazil has always been a very delicate and difficult thing to maintain in its training bases that fulfilled the parameters of the various laws that guarantee a quality education for all and function as a security link for the guarantee of improvement of life. The present work entitled: An analysis of the teaching-learning process in communities at risk: John Paul II and Grotão intends to generate a discussion about education as a whole, but making a clipping to better problematize some issues such as : The teaching-learning process in a group of society that is at risk, the issue of social vulnerability, public policies that guarantee the right of individuals to come and go and a series of other factors that seek improvements for education. A qualitative research was carried out to investigate, test or reject hypotheses. As research methodology was exploratory, this type of research aims to provide greater familiarity with the problem of communities, with a view to making it more explicit or to construct hypotheses. For better support, a field study was carried out in two schools of the public network in which questionnaires were applied with 5th year students who belong to two communities in the city of João Pessoa in order to analyze the problems faced by them in the teaching process -learning.No cenário mundial e especificamente falando de educação no cenário brasileiro temos muitos percalços a resolver. A educação no Brasil sempre foi algo bastante delicado e complicado de se manter firme em suas bases de formação que cumprisse os parâmetros das diversas leis que garantem uma educação de qualidade para todos e funcionasse como elo de segurança para a garantia de melhoria de vida. O presente trabalho intitulado: Uma análise sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nas comunidades de risco: João Paulo II e Grotão tem a intenção de gerar uma discussão acerca da educação como um todo, mas, fazendo um recorte para melhor problematizar algumas questões tais como: o processo de ensino- aprendizagem num grupo da sociedade que vive em situação de risco, a questão da vulnerabilidade social, políticas públicas que garantem o direito de ir e vir dos indivíduos e uma série de outros fatores que buscam melhorias para a educação. Foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa que tem como objetivo investigar, comprovar ou rejeitar hipóteses. Quanto a metodologia à pesquisa foi exploratória, este tipo de pesquisa tem como objetivo proporcionar maior familiaridade com o problema das comunidades, com vistas a torná-lo mais explícito ou a construir hipóteses. Para melhor respaldo foi realizado um estudo de campo em duas escolas da rede pública na qual foram aplicados questionários com os alunos do 5o ano que pertencem a duas comunidades da cidade de João Pessoa com o intuito de analisar os problemas enfrentados por eles no processo de ensino-aprendizagem

Cuidado! Substância altamente inflamável: narrativas-experiências de uma mulher trans com gênerossexualidades nos/dos currículos da socioeducação

O texto apresenta uma discussão teórico-metodológica sobre um tipo específico de pesquisa narrativa que pressupõe a narrativa em três dimensões articuladas: nas fontes de dados, no modo de produzir conhecimento e no registro do texto investigativo. Nessa abordagem, os dados derivam de narrativas escritas pelo grupo de sujeitos e do registro narrativo produzido pelo pesquisador desde que a investigação tem início. A contribuição do presente texto diz respeito à problematização desse papel do registro, constitutivo e articulador das outras duas dimensões, pois a narrativa contínua do pesquisador é, ao mesmo tempo, um modo de documentar a pesquisa, subsidiar a produção de dados e produzir conhecimento no âmbito da temática investigad

Plasticity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Mouse Bone Marrow in the Presence of Conditioned Medium of the Facial Nerve and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2

A number of evidences show the influence of the growth of injured nerve fibers in peripheral nervous system as well as potential implant stem cells (SCs). The SCs implementation in the clinical field is promising and the understanding of proliferation and differentiation is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the plasticity of mesenchymal SCs from bone marrow of mice in the presence of culture medium conditioned with facial nerve explants and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). The growth and morphology were assessed for over 72 hours. Quantitative phenotypic analysis was taken from the immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein OX-42 (OX-42), protein associated with microtubule MAP-2 (MAP-2), protein β-tubulin III (β-tubulin III), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), and neurofilament 200 (NF-200). Cells cultured with conditioned medium alone or combined with FGF-2 showed morphological features apparently similar at certain times to neurons and glia and a significant proliferative activity in groups 2 and 4. Cells cultivated only with conditioned medium acquired a glial phenotype. Cells cultured with FGF-2 and conditioned medium expressed GFAP, OX-42, MAP-2, β-tubulin III, NeuN, and NF-200. This study improves our understanding of the plasticity of mesenchymal cells and allows the search for better techniques with SCs

EFEITOS DA OBESIDADE INFANTIL NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE MULTIPROFISSIONAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE

Overweight and obesity affected around 340 million children and adolescents worldwide in 2016. In this sense, as obesity is a chronic disease, the factors related to this public health issue must be understood, including: sedentary lifestyle, low socioeconomic power and access to the health system. The present study aimed to understand the main approaches to preventing and managing obesity in primary health care. A narrative review of the literature was carried out, using the descriptors in the PubMed, SciELO and Periódico Capes databases, which obtained 342 articles, 31 of which were chosen to form the basis of this review. According to the multifactorial origin of obesity, current studies have revealed the relevance of therapeutic interventions in several areas, including primary care, family support, school environment, technologies, drug or surgical treatments. Additionally, the difficulties faced in preventing and adequately treating obesity in childhood are evident. Therefore, interdisciplinary monitoring in partnership with schools and families becomes essential, aiming to promote the health of young people and children, preventing obesity in adulthood and also preserving mental health, in addition to preventing diseases related to obesity and its consequences. complications.O sobrepeso e a obesidade afetaram cerca de 340 milhões de crianças e adolescentes no mundo em 2016. Nesse sentido, sendo a obesidade uma doença crônica, deve-se compreender os fatores relacionados a essa questão de saúde pública, dentre os quais: sedentarismo, baixo poder socioeconômico e acesso ao sistema de saúde. O presente estudo objetivou compreender as principais abordagens da prevenção e manejo da obesidade na atenção básica de saúde. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura, utilizando os descritores nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Periódico Capes, a qual obteve 342 artigos, sendo 31 destes escolhidos para o embasamento desta revisão. Segundo a origem multifatorial da obesidade, estudos atuais revelaram a relevância de intervenções terapêuticas em várias áreas, incluindo cuidados primários, apoio familiar, ambiente escolar, tecnologias, tratamentos medicamentosos ou cirúrgicos. Adicionalmente, é evidente as dificuldades enfrentadas para prevenir e tratar adequadamente a obesidade na infância. Portanto, torna-se essencial o acompanhamento interdisciplinar em parceria com as escolas e a família, visando a promoção da saúde dos jovens e crianças, prevenindo a obesidade na idade adulta e também preservando a saúde mental, além de prevenir doenças relacionadas à obesidade e suas complicações

Projeto arte e vida de Van Gogh / Van gogh's art and life Project

O projeto “Arte e Vida de Van Gogh” foi realizado na Escola Municipal das Acácias, escola pública  localizada na Rua das Camélias, Parque Primavera, Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro, durante o primeiro  semestre de 2021. O projeto foi coordenado pelo professor Fábio De Macedo, sob a supervisão da  professora Elinete Nascimento, contando com oito licenciandos do Pibid-Belas Artes 2020 da Universidade  Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro com bolsa da CAPES. Devido ao período da Pandemia da Covid 19  que impossibilitou atividades educativas presenciais com os alunos do 6° ao 9° ano do Ensino  Fundamental, utilizamos as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação. Para tanto, buscamos  na literatura especializada conhecer sobre Metodologias Ativas, Sala de Aula Invertida, Ensino Híbrido  e Gamificação, possibilidades metodológicas e uso de ferramentas não presenciais. Para basearmos  as habilidades e competências a serem desenvolvidas consideramos os marcos normativos vigentes,  como a Base Nacional Comum Curricular de 2018, o Plano Pedagógico do curso de Licenciatura em  Belas Artes e o Projeto Político Pedagógico da citada escola. Os alunos foram devidamente  sensibilizados a fazer a inscrição através do Google formulário que contou com aulas síncronas através  do Google Meet e assíncronas a partir de videoaulas postadas no canal do Youtube criado para o  projeto e disponibilizadas no grupo do WhatsApp e plataforma Google Sala de aula. Além das  videoaulas foram disponibilizados quiz, imagens, links e textos. Os trabalhos dos alunos foram expostos  em mural virtual através do Padlet. Os alunos foram avaliados através da participação, formulários,  jogos e dos trabalhos recebidos. Realizamos avaliações diagnósticas, antes da realização do projeto,  avaliações formativas e avaliação qualitativa durante todo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem mediado  por debates em uma relação pedagógica horizontal. A experiência se demonstrou um desafio enriquecedor  à formação de todos os atores envolvidos: pesquisadores, docentes, licenciandos, alunos e direção da  unidade escolar.

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions