Eficácia da profilaxia antibiótica em extrações de terceiros molares Revisão sistemática

Introdução: Os terceiros molares (TM) são os últimos dentes a formar-se e geralmente erupcionam entre os 17 e 26 anos de idade. Frequentemente, não irrompem corretamente e causam complicações como dor, infeção e inflamação. A remoção dos TM inferiores impactados é comum em cirurgia oromaxilofacial, mas pode originar sintomas pós-operatórios, pelo que muitas vezes requer o uso de antibióticos profiláticos. A prevenção e tratamento destes sintomas e complicações são importantes em Medicina Dentária. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso das diferentes pautas de profilaxia antibiótica (PA) frente ao placebo em relação às possíveis complicações pós-operatórias derivadas das extrações cirúrgicas de TM e comparar a eficácia da PA prescrita com a incidência e intensidade do nível de dor, inflamação, trismo e complicações infeciosas. Metodologia: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa de literatura entre 2009 e 2023 nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Lilacs, utilizando as palavras-chave “Third molar AND antibiotic”, “Third molar extraction”, “Wisdom teeth extraction”, “Antibiotic prophylaxis”, “Amoxicillin”. Resultados: Foram obtidos 2244 artigos do PubMed, 4 de Scielo e 10 de Lilacs. Após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados apenas 7 de PubMed, tendo os restantes sido eliminados. Conclusão: A análise dos artigos selecionados não mostrou diferenças significativas nos sintomas pós-operatórios entre diferentes pautas de antibióticos em pacientes saudáveis submetidos a extração de TM. Não existe segundo a evidencia científica, vantagem no uso da PA nestas cirurgias. No entanto, é necessário realizar mais estudos multicêntricos randomizados com alta validade externa para comparar estas terapias antibacterianas.Introduction: Third molars (TM) are the last teeth to form and usually erupt between 17 and 26 years of age. They often do not erupt correctly and cause complications such as pain, infection and inflammation. Removal of impacted lower TMs is common in oromaxillofacial surgery, but it can cause postoperative symptoms, which often requires the use of prophylactic antibiotics. The prevention and treatment of these symptoms and complications are important in dentistry. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of different antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) guidelines compared to placebo in relation to possible postoperative complications derived from surgical extractions of TM and to compare the effectiveness of the prescribed AP with the incidence and intensity of the level of pain, inflammation, trismus, and infectious complications. Methodology: A literature search was carried out between 2009 and 2023 in the PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases, using the keywords “Third molar AND antibiotic”, “Third molar extraction”, “Wisdom teeth extraction”, “Antibiotic prophylaxis”, “Amoxicillin”. Results: 2244 articles were obtained from PubMed, 4 from Scielo and 10 from Lilacs. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 7 from PubMed were selected, and the rest were eliminated. Conclusion: The analysis of selected articles did not show significant differences in postoperative symptoms between different antibiotic regimens in healthy patients undergoing TM extraction. According to scientific evidence, there is no advantage in the use of PA in these surgeries. However, more randomized multicentric studies with high external validity are needed to compare these antibacterial therapies

Altra crisi energètica?

Mobilitzacions de tot tipus, bloquejos de gasolineres, de ports, talls de carreteres, etc. La creixent alarma social per la pujada dels carburants ens anuncia el començament d'una altra crisi energètica. Davant això, molt poques veus s'han aixecat per a preguntar-se l'origen de la crisi, mes enllà de possibles "maniobres especulatives" de les petrolieres o de la possible "avarícia fiscal" del Govern. La realitat, com gairebé sempre, és més complexa. És cert que el preu del cru és només una part del preu final dels combustibles, en concret, el 20 % en la gasolina sense plom i el 25 % en el gasoli (dades de Juliol de 2000). També és veritat que els impostos constitueixen avui en dia el 58% en la gasolina sense plom i el 53,1 % en el gasoli d'automoció del preu final del combustible. El problema és que tals impostos no es dediquen precisament a fer parcs, escoles o hospitals. El total dels impostos indirectes provinents de les vendes de gasolis i gasolines per a automoció tot just dóna per a finançar la construcció i el manteniment de la xarxa d'autovies i carreteres de l'Estat (autèntiques subvencions a les energies convencionals). Gens o molt poc d'aquesta recaptació es dedica a corregir els efectes mediambientals directes del tràfic (sorolls, contaminació, destrucció del paisatge...). Gens en absolut a plans de reconversió ecològica del transport cap a una mobilitat més sostenible (foment del transport públic, estalvi i eficiència energètica, disminució de les emissions de CO2 ...). En aquestes condicions no sembla estar justificada una disminució generalitzada d'impostos. Més aviat seria convenient un canvi en la seva aplicació. Altra cosa és que es regulin, de manera excepcional, rebaixes o ajudes a sectors concrets per a evitar la seva ruïna i per a possibilitar la seva reconversió cap a una major eficiència energètica.Movilizaciones de todo tipo, bloqueos de gasolineras, de puertos, cortes de carreteras, etc. Verdadera alarma social por la subida de los carburantes que nos anuncia el comienzo de otra crisis energética. Ante ello, pocas voces se han levantado para preguntarse el origen de la crisis, mas allá de posibles "maniobras especulativas" de las petroleras o de la posible "avaricia fiscal" del Gobierno. La realidad, como casi siempre, es más compleja. Es cierto que el precio del crudo es sólo una parte del precio final de los combustibles, en concreto, el 20 % en la gasolina sin plomo y el 25 % en el gasóleo (datos de Julio de 2000). También es verdad que los impuestos constituyen hoy en día el 58% en la gasolina sin plomo y el 53,1 % en el gasóleo de automoción del precio final del combustible. El problema es que tales impuestos no se dedican precisamente a hacer parques, escuelas u hospitales". El total de los impuestos indirectos provenientes de las ventas de gasóleos y gasolinas para automoción apenas da para financiar la construcción y el mantenimiento de la red de autovías y carreteras del Estado (auténticas subvenciones a las energías convencionales). Nada o muy poco de dicha recaudación se dedica a corregir los efectos medioambientales directos del tráfico (ruidos, contaminación, destrucción del paisaje...). Nada en absoluto a planes de reconversión ecológica del transporte hacia una movilidad más sostenible (fomento del transporte público, ahorro y eficiencia energética, disminución de las emisiones de CO2 ...). En estas condiciones no parece estar justificada una disminución generalizada de impuestos. Más bien sería conveniente un cambio en su aplicación. Otra cosa es que se regulen, de modo excepcional, rebajas o ayudas a sectores concretos para evitar su ruina y para posibilitar su reconversión hacia una mayor eficiencia energética.Peer Reviewe

Resposta a la Sequera: garantir les funcions prioritàries de l'aigua

A diferència de l'any 1992, en 2005 s'està posant de manifest un estat d'alerta social davant el que pogués ser el començament d'un cicle plurianual de sequera. Hauria d'haver servit el trauma sofert en el pasta cicle llarg anterior (1991-1995) i l'esglai de 1999-2000, quan en la conca del Guadalquivir es van concedir, de manera inexplicable, elevadísimes dotacions de reg que van posar en risc els proveïments bàsics a l'any següent; afortunadament en aquest cas, el cicle de sequera no es va confirmar, va ploure abundantment i es van poder salvar els mobles.A diferencia del año 1992, en 2005 se está poniendo de manifiesto un estado de alerta social ante lo que pudiera ser el comienzo de un ciclo plurianual de sequía. Para algo tenía que haber servido el trauma del ciclo largo anterior (1991-1995) y el susto de 1999-2000, cuando en la cuenca del Guadalquivir se concedieron, de manera inexplicable, elevadísimas dotaciones de riego que pusieron en riesgo los abastecimientos básicos al año siguiente; afortunadamente en este caso, el ciclo de sequía no se confirmó, llovió abundantemente y se pudieron salvar los trastos.Peer Reviewe

Harnessing a Vibroacoustic Mode for Enabling Smart Functions on Surface Acoustic Wave Devices -- Application to Icing Monitoring and Deicing

Microacoustic wave devices are essential components in the RF electronics and MEMS industry with increasing impact in various sensing and actuation applications. Reliable and smart operation of acoustic wave devices at low costs would cause a crucial advancement. Herein, we present the enablement of temperature and mechanical sensing capabilities in a Rayleigh-mode standing surface acoustic wave (sSAW) chip device by harnessing an acoustic shear plate wave mode using the same set of electrodes. Most importantly, this mode is excited by switching the polarity of the sSAW transducer electrodes by simple electronics, allowing for direct and inexpensive compatibility with an existing setup. We validated the method in the emergent topic of surface de-icing by continuously monitoring temperature and water liquid-solid phase changes using the plate wave mode, and on-demand Rayleigh-wave deicing with a negligible energy cost. The flexibility for adapting the system to different scenarios, loads and scalability opens the path to impact in lab-on-a-chip, IoT technology, and sectors requiring autonomous acoustic wave actuators.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Formation of stellar inner discs and rings in spiral galaxies through minor mergers

Recent observations show that inner disks and rings (IDs and IRs) are not preferentially found in barred galaxies, pointing to the relevance of formation mechanisms different to the traditional bar-origin scenario. Nevertheless, the role of minor mergers in the formation of these inner components (ICs), while often invoked, is still poorly understood. We have investigated the capability of minor mergers to trigger the formation of IDs and IRs in spiral galaxies through collisionless N-body simulations. Our models prove that minor mergers are an efficient mechanism to form rotationally-supported stellar ICs in spirals, neither requiring strong dissipation nor noticeable bars, and suggest that their role in the formation of ICs must have been much more complex than just bar triggering

Combined dielectrophoresis and impedance systems for bacteria analysis in microfluidic on-chip platforms

Bacteria concentration and detection is time-consuming in regular microbiology procedures aimed to facilitate the detection and analysis of these cells at very low concentrations. Traditional methods are effective but often require several days to complete. This scenario results in low bioanalytical and diagnostic methodologies with associated increased costs and complexity. In recent years, the exploitation of the intrinsic electrical properties of cells has emerged as an appealing alternative approach for concentrating and detecting bacteria. The combination of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and impedance analysis (IA) in microfluidic on-chip platforms could be key to develop rapid, accurate, portable, simple-to-use and cost-effective microfluidic devices with a promising impact in medicine, public health, agricultural, food control and environmental areas. The present document reviews recent DEP and IA combined approaches and the latest relevant improvements focusing on bacteria concentration and detection, including selectivity, sensitivity, detection time, and conductivity variation enhancements. Furthermore, this review analyses future trends and challenges which need to be addressed in order to successfully commercialize these platforms resulting in an adequate social return of public-funded investments

A Holistic Solution to Icing by Acoustic Waves: De-Icing, Active Anti-Icing, Sensing with Piezoelectric Crystals, and Synergy with Thin Film Passive Anti-Icing Solutions

Icing has become a hot topic both in academia and in the industry given its implications in transport, wind turbines, photovoltaics, and telecommunications. Recently proposed de-icing solutions involving the propagation of acoustic waves (AWs) at suitable substrates may open the path for a sustainable alternative to standard de-icing or anti-icing procedures. Herein, the fundamental interactions are unraveled that contribute to the de-icing and/or hinder the icing on AW-activated substrates. The response toward icing of a reliable model system consisting of a piezoelectric plate activated by extended electrodes is characterized at a laboratory scale and in an icing wind tunnel under realistic conditions. Experiments show that surface modification with anti-icing functionalities provides a synergistic response when activated with AWs. A thoughtful analysis of the resonance frequency dependence on experimental variables such as temperature, ice formation, or wind velocity demonstrates the application of AW devices for real-time monitoring of icing processes

Regeneración de campus para la creación de un laboratorio vivo de sostenibilidad ("living lab") en el Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Moncloa

La Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) a través de su Centro de Innovación en Tecnología para el Desarrollo Humano (itdUPM) está propiciando la generación de conciencia, conocimiento y soluciones innovadoras que contribuyen al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible a través de un edificio que sirve como laboratorio de prueba para nuevas tecnologías verdes y como plataforma de ideación colaborativa y activación social

Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes.

8 páginas, 4 tablas, 8 figuras.The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three saltmarsh clonal growth plants (Juncus subulatus, Scirpus litoralis, and S. maritimus) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for each species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites where established individuals of each species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed-bank response, even when conditions at germination are identical. Because these environmental-history-dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density, and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and managementFinancial support from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment (MMA, project 05/99) and the Junta de Andalucía (research group 4086)enabled us to carry out the present work.Peer reviewe