El empleo parcial en España. Explotación estadística de los microdatos de la EPA

En este trabajo se pretende llevar a cabo un breve análisis de las diferentes características de las personas que se dedican a un empleo con tipo de jornada parcial, es decir, una jornada con un horario mucho menor al de jornada completa. Para ello se ha acudido a la EPA a través del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) de donde se ha recopilado datos y usado en el análisis. Con la ayuda del programa estadístico SPSS y con la utilización del Modelo Logit esos datos se analizarán y, posteriormente mostrarán, la frecuencia, el perfil y la probabilidad de tener un empleo a tiempo parcial en España.This paper intends to carry out a brief analysis of the different characteristics of people who work in a part-time job, that is, a day with a much shorter time than full-time. For this reason, the EPA has been contacted through the National Statistical Institute from which data has been collected and used in the analysis. Based on the SPSS statistical program and the Logit Model, these data will be analyzed and subsequently show the frequency, profile and probability of having a part-time employment in Spain.Departamento de Economía AplicadaGrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Microwaves by spark. Optical experiments with microwaves produced with a home-made equipment

La teoría del campo electromagnético fue el gran logro unificador del siglo XIX. Los experimentos de Hertz probaron la validez de la teoría y mostraron la existencia de otras ondas distintas a la luz pero con sus mismas propiedades. Queremos mostrar que es fácil comprobar algunas de esas propiedades con microondas generadas por medio de aparatos extremadamente simples hechos a mano. Para ello nos basaremos en las técnicas seguidas por los continuadores del trabajo de Hertz, como Righi o Lodge

Simple microscope: much more than a simple magnifying glass

El microscopio simple fue durante mucho tiempo el mejor instrumento con que se contó para escudriñar el mundo microscópico. Su calidad es superior a la que se le atribuye normalmente y permite observar casi todas las estructuras y orgánulos que se ven con un moderno microscopio compuesto. Se explicará la forma de construir un potente microscopio simple con más de 400 aumentos, usando una microesfera de vidrio.The simple microscope was for a long time the best instrument to scrutinize the microscopic world. Its quality is greater than what is usually assumed and it allows the observation of almost all structures that are seen with a modern compound microscope. We will explain how to build a powerful simple microscope with more than 400 magnification, using a microsphere lens

Role of non-coding RNAs in the transgenerational epigenetic transmission of the effects of reprotoxicants

13 p.-1 fig.Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regulatory elements of gene expression and chromatin structure. Both long and small ncRNAs can also act as inductors and targets of epigenetic programs. Epigenetic patterns can be transmitted from one cell to the daughter cell, but, importantly, also through generations. Diversity of ncRNAs is emerging with new and surprising roles. Functional interactions among ncRNAs and between specific ncRNAs and structural elements of the chromatin are drawing a complex landscape. In this scenario, epigenetic changes induced by environmental stressors, including reprotoxicants, can explain some transgenerationally-transmitted phenotypes in non-Mendelian ways. In this review, we analyze mechanisms of action of reprotoxicants upon different types of ncRNAs and epigenetic modifications causing transgenerationally transmitted characters through germ cells but affecting germ cells and reproductive systems. A functional model of epigenetic mechanisms of transgenerational transmission ncRNAs-mediated is also proposed.This work was supported by grant from MINECO (BFU2013-42164-R), Spain.We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer reviewe

Rheological characterisation of ceramic inks for 3D direct ink writing: A review

3D printing is a competitive manufacturing technology, which has opened up new possibilities for the fabrication of complex ceramic structures and customised parts. Extrusion-based technologies, also known as direct ink writing (DIW) or robocasting, are amongst the most used for ceramic materials. In them, the rheological properties of the ink play a crucial role, determining both the extrudability of the paste and the shape fidelity of the printed parts. However, comprehensive rheological studies of printable ceramic inks are scarce and may be difficult to understand for non-specialists. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main types of ceramic ink formulations developed for DIW and a detailed description of the more relevant rheological tests for assessing the printability of ceramic pastes. Moreover, the key rheological parameters are identified and linked to printability aspects, including the values reported in the literature for different ink compositions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

La Reforma Universitaria

La segunda edición de La Reforma Universitaria era un viejo propósito, una exigencia no cumplida de la lucha. La primera edición de 1926-27, a cargo del Centro Estudiantes de Medicina de Buenos Aires durante la presidencia de Horacio Trejo, muy rápidamente se agotó; y varias veces llegó a estado de resolución el proyecto de reimprimir la obra. Últimamente, la Junta Representativa de la Federación Universitaria Argentina, por dos veces, la primera en 1935 y la segunda en 1939, resolvió encomendarme la tarea, pero en ninguno de los dos casos pudo financiar la edición. Ahora es el Centro Estudiantes de Ingeniería de La Plata, presidido por Albino D. Nosetti quien lo resuelve, por unanimidad de votos, y lo lleva a cabo. Esta edición actualiza el material de la primera, lo reordena, y luego de efectuar una última selección, lo presenta en estos tres grandes tomos. Trae ahora los textos y material iconográfico correspondientes al amplio período que va de 1918 a 1940, agregando trece años más a los nueve que comprendía la compilación anterior.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

La Reforma Universitaria

La segunda edición de La Reforma Universitaria era un viejo propósito, una exigencia no cumplida de la lucha. La primera edición de 1926-27, a cargo del Centro Estudiantes de Medicina de Buenos Aires durante la presidencia de Horacio Trejo, muy rápidamente se agotó; y varias veces llegó a estado de resolución el proyecto de reimprimir la obra. Últimamente, la Junta Representativa de la Federación Universitaria Argentina, por dos veces, la primera en 1935 y la segunda en 1939, resolvió encomendarme la tarea, pero en ninguno de los dos casos pudo financiar la edición. Ahora es el Centro Estudiantes de Ingeniería de La Plata, presidido por Albino D. Nosetti quien lo resuelve, por unanimidad de votos, y lo lleva a cabo. Esta edición actualiza el material de la primera, lo reordena, y luego de efectuar una última selección, lo presenta en estos tres grandes tomos. Trae ahora los textos y material iconográfico correspondientes al amplio período que va de 1918 a 1940, agregando trece años más a los nueve que comprendía la compilación anterior.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Developmental regulation of expression of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) multigene family during mouse spermatogenesis

Expression of the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) genes during various stages of spermatogenesis was studied by using a combination of Northern blot analyses and in situ hybridization techniques. These studies have indicated that developmentally programmed expression of all three functional LDH genes occurs during differentiation of germ cells. The LDH/C (ldh-3) gene was expressed exclusively during meiosis and spermiogenesis, beginning in leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes and continuing through to the elongated spermatids. LDH/C (ldh-3) gene expression was accompanied by transient expression of the LDH/A (ldh-1) gene in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. The LDH/B (ldh-2) gene was expressed mainly in Sertoli and spermatogonial cells. By using somatic cell hybrids, the LDH/C (ldh-3) gene has been mapped to mouse chromosome 7, establishing that it is syntenic with the LDH/A (ldh-1) gene locus. Experimental observations made in this study provide new insight into the order and sequence of events involved in the regulation of gene expression of the LDH gene family during spermatogenesis

Correlating rheological properties with direct ink writing printability in hydrogel – calcium phosphate slurries: effect of polymeric and ceramic content

Direct Ink Writing enables the fabrication of personalized scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The ink must be smoothly extruded through a narrow nozzle without clogging to form continuous filaments, which must retain the nozzle shape and be capable of supporting its own weight during the assembly. This is linked to the viscoelastic properties of the ink, which should have a shear-thinning viscous behaviour at high shear rates, a high storage modulus at rest and a fast elastic recovery when flow stops [1]. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable method that allows linking the rheological properties of a calcium phosphate/hydrogel paste with its printability, analysing the effect of polymeric and ceramic contents. CaP pastes were obtained by mixing Pluronic hydrogels (polymeric content: 20-35 wt.%) with β-TCP powder (ceramic concentration: 50-70 wt.%). The rheological characterisation was carried out in a rotational rheometer, using a 20 mm rough parallel plate geometry and a 500 μm gap. All slurries showed a viscoelastic behaviour with a strong shear- thinning and a fast elastic recovery, both provided by the hydrogel network. The ceramic content affected significantly the properties at low shear rates: the elastic stiffness at rest, the percentage of elastic strength recovery and, above a 60 wt.%, the yield stress. Regarding printability, the filament shape-retention of extrudable pastes was assessed by image analysis of the sagging of a single filament printed over a row of pillars with increasing separation, whereas shape fidelity was evaluated by comparing 3D-printed scaffolds with the virtual model

Endocrine disrupters, microRNAs, and primordial germ cells: a dangerous cocktail

29 p.-2 fig.Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental pollutants that may change the homeostasis of the endocrine system, altering the differentiation of germ cells with consequences for reproduction. In mammals, germ cell differentiation begins with primordial germ cells (PGCs) during embryogenesis. Primordial germ cell development and gametogenesis are genetically regulated processes, in which the posttranscriptional gene regulation could be mediated by small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we review the deleterious effects of exposure during fetal life to EDCs mediated by deregulation of ncRNAs, and specifically miRNAs on PGC differentiation. Moreover, the environmental stress induced by exposure to some EDCs during the embryonic window of development could trigger reproductive dysfunctions transgenerationally transmitted by epigenetic mechanisms with the involvement of miRNAs expressed in germ line cells.Del Mazo lab was supported by a grant from MINECO (BFU2013-42164-R), Spain.Peer reviewe