Seasonal Flutuations and Equilibrium Models of Exchange Rate

Most of the evidence on dynamic equilibrium exchange rate models is based on seasonally adjusted consumption data. Equilibrium models have not worked well in explaining the actual exchange rate. However, the use of seasonally adjusted data might be responsible for the spurious rejection of the model. This paper presents a new equilibrium model for the exchange rates that incorporates seasonal preferences. The fit of the model to the data is evaluated for five industrialized countries using seasonally unadjusted data. Our findings indicate that a model with seasonal preferences can generate monthly time series of the exchange rate without seasonality even when the variables that theoretically determine the exchange rate show clear seasonal behaviours. Further, the model can generate theoretical exchange rates with the same order of integration than actual exchange rates, and in some cases, with the same stochastic trend

Regional Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiative Impact of the Extreme Smoke Event in the European Arctic in Spring 2006

In spring 2006 a special meteorological situation occurred in the European Arctic region giving record high levels of air pollution. The synoptic situation resulted in extensive transport of pollution predominantly from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe into the Arctic region and record high air-pollution levels were measured at the Zeppelin observatory at Ni-Alesun(78deg 54'N, 11deg 53'E) in the period from 25 April to 12 May. In the present study we investigate the optical properties of the aerosols from this extreme event and we estimate the radiative forcing of this episode. We examine the aerosol optical properties from the source region and into the European Arctic and explore the evolution of the episode and the changes in the optical properties. A number of sites in Eastern Europe, Northern Scandinavia and Svalbard are included in the study. In addition to AOD measurements, we explored lidar measurements from Minsk, ALOMAR (Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research at Andenes) and Ny-Alesund. For the AERONET sites included (Minsk, Toravere, Hornsund) we have further studied the evolution of the aerosol size. Importantly, at Svalbard it is consistency between the AERONET measurements and calculations of single scattering albedo based on aerosol chemical composition. We have found strong agreement between the satellite dally MODIS AOD and the ground-based AOD observations. This agreement is crucial for the radiative forcing calculations. We calculate a strong negative radiative forcing for the most polluted days employing the analysed ground based data, MODIS AOD and a multi-stream model for radiative transfer of solar radiation

Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Characterization of Porous (K, Na, Li)(Nb, Ta, Sb)O3

KNL-NTS powder with (K0.44Na0.52Li 0.04)(Nb0.86Ta0.10Sb0.04)O 3 stoichiometry was prepared following the conventional ceramic method of mixing carbonates and oxides. KNL-NTS powder synthesis is carried out in solid state at 700°C for 3h. To obtain ceramic samples with different porosity the sintering of pellets is carried out in air at different temperatures between 1088 and 1125°C for 2h. Structural and microstructural characterizations are performed by XRD and SEM and the degree and type of porosity is determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The influence of sintering temperature on the porosity and its consequence on both the ferroelectric hysteresis loops and the piezoelectric response was evaluated. The maximum densification is achieved at 1125°C and the best ferroelectric response is achieved in sintered pellets at 1125°C. Meanwhile, it was observed that pellets sintered in a lower temperature range (1094-1100°C) where porosity reaches values up to 15 % have good ferroelectric piezoelectric response, similar to that found in the sintered pellets to 1125°C.Fil: Barolin, Sebastián Andrés. Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicacion, Madrid; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: De La Rubia, M. A.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España. Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicacion; EspañaFil: Terny, Cintia Soledad. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina. Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicacion; EspañaFil: Rubio Marcos, Fernando. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: de Sanctis, Oscar Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Roberto Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Lozano, José Francisco. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Defrutos Vaquerizo, José. Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicacion; Españ

Dielectric relaxation of vanadium-molybdenum tellurite glasses modified by alkaline-earth oxides

Electrical response changes due to the incorporation of alkaline-earth oxides in the vanadium-molybdenum tellurite glassy matrix have been studied. The results are explained by analyzing the electric formalisms representations. A non-straightforward relationship to the modifier oxide ionic radius was found and the results suggest poor charge carrier interactions even at high alkaline-earth concentrations. The electrical behavior of the studied materials gives strong evidence that alkaline-earth modified tellurite glasses are poor candidates to become good ionic glassy conductors.Fil: Terny, Cintia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; EspañaFil: Di Pratula, Pablo Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Defrutos Vaquerizo, José. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; EspañaFil: Frechero, Marisa Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentin

Hidden Aryl-Exchange Processes in Stable 16e RhIII[RhCp*Ar2] Complexes, and their Unexpected Transmetalation Mechanism

Experiments mixing the stable 16e 5-coordinate complexes [RhCp?Ar2] (Cp? = C5Me5; Ar = C6F5, C6F3Cl2-3,5) uncover fast aryl transmetalations. Unexpectedly, as supported computationally, these exchanges are not spontaneous, but catalyzed by minute amounts of 18e (?-OH)2[RhCp?Ar]2 as a source of 16e [RhCp?Ar(OH)]. The OH group is an amazingly efficient bridging partner to diminish the activation barrier of transmetalation

Some Singular Features of Gold Catalysis: Protection of Gold(I) Catalysts by Substoichiometric Agents and Associated Phenomena

This study deals with two striking phenomena: the complete protection against decomposition of hypothetically monocoordinated Au^I intermediates [AuL]Y (L = strongly coordinating ligand; Y^– = poorly coordinating anion) by addition of small substoichiometric amounts (5 mol % relative to Au) of not strongly coordinating ligands (e.g., AsPh₃) and the fact that, in contrast, strongly coordinating ligands cannot provide this substoichiometric protection. The two phenomena are explained considering that (i) the existence of real monocoordinated [AuL]Y is negligible in condensed phases and the kinetically efficient existing species are dicoordinated [AuL­(W)]­Y (W = any very weakly coordinating ligand existing in solution, including OH₂, the solvent, or the Y^– anion) and (ii) these [AuL­(W)]Y intermediates give rise to decomposition by a disproportionation mechanism, via polynuclear intermediates formed by associative oligomerization with release of some W ligands. It is also shown that very small concentrations of [AuL­(W)]Y are still catalytically efficient and can be stabilized by overstoichiometric adventitious water, so that full decomposition of the catalyst is hardly reached, although eventually the stabilized concentration can be kinetically inefficient for the catalysis. These results suggest that, in cases of gold catalysis requiring the use of a significant quantity of gold catalyst, the turnover numbers can be increased or the concentration of gold catalyst widely reduced, using substoichiometric protection properly tuned to the case

Panadero y refajo

Propone la recuperación y acercamiento de los juegos, canciones, bailes y tradiciones populares a la escuela como medio de expresión, comunicación y relación entre todos los miembros de la comunidad. Los objetivos son: recoger información oral y escrita sobre las tradiciones y el saber popular, recoger y ordenar material para la presentación del trabajo, implicar a las familias en la formación de sus hijos y conocer algunas características culturales propias de la comunidad a la que pertenecen manifestando una actitud de respeto. Trabaja las áreas de Educación Artística, Lengua Castellana y Literatura y Conocimiento del Medio. De las actividades destacan: recopilaciones de oficios perdidos, enseres y utensilios de nuestros abuelos y juegos y bailes populares. Se evalúa el grado de consecución de los objetivos y contenidos, de consolidación de actitudes responsables en el alumnado, los materiales elaborados y la documentación recopilada; a partir de listas de control, observación directa, registro de actividades y participantes, puesta en común y revisión de trabajos.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación y CulturaMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES