Positive Effects of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Supplementation and DietBra on Inflammation and Glycemic Profiles in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Class II/III Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Evidence on the effects of dietary interventions on inflammatory markers in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is scarce. Our study evaluated the effects of extra-virgin olive oil alone and in combination with a traditional Brazilian diet on inflammatory markers and glycemic profiles in adults with both T2DM and class II/III obesity. Methods: Adults aged 18-64 years with T2DM and class II/III obesity were randomized into two intervention groups: 1) extra-virgin olive oil only and 2) extra-virgin olive oil + a traditional Brazilian diet (OliveOil+DietBra). Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, anthropometry, biochemical markers and inflammatory markers were collected. The primary outcomes were glycemic parameters and inflammatory markers. The body mass index (BMI) and weight were the secondary outcomes. Results: Forty individuals with T2DM and class II/III obesity were enrolled, and 34 (85%) completed the intervention course. The intake of olive oil was 37.88 ± 12.50 mL/day in the olive oil group and 37.71 ± 12.23 mL/day in the OliveOil+DietBra group, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.484). Compared to the olive oil only group, the OliveOil+DietBra group had significantly lower levels of fasting insulin (p = 0.047) at the end of the intervention, whereas the other glycemic parameters were not altered. In the OliveOil+DietBra group, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α (p = 0.006) and adiponectin (p = 0.049) were lower and those of TNFα were higher (p = 0.037). There was a significant reduction in BMI and weight compared to the baseline values in the OliveOil+DietBra group (p = 0.015). Conclusions: The intervention with OliveOil+DietBra effectively decreased the levels of fasting insulin, IL-1α and adiponectin, suggesting its beneficial role in improving the inflammatory profiles and fasting insulin levels in adults with class II/III obesity and T2DM. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02463435

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

As manifestações clínicas do portador de paralisia facial

Introdução: A paralisia facial e um sintoma de um transtorno de base resultante em imobilidade e incapacidade de executar a mímica facial e a expressão emotiva. São várias as etiologias deste acometimento, sendo a classificação em paralisia facial periférica, representada classicamente pela paralisia de Bell e a central, pelo acidente vascular encefálico, adotada para auxiliar na investigação e seguimento clínico adequado. Objetivo: Descrever sobre a paralisia facial, com foco em características clínicas que propiciem ao diagnóstico precoce, medidas terapêuticas e restauração imediata. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa que selecionou artigos disponibilizados na íntegra publicados no recorte temporal de 2008 até 2022. Resultados: Dos 10 artigos incluídos neste estudo, todos realizaram uma ampla análise sobre a temática, a qual propiciou a disseminação de informações atualizadas sobre conceito, diagnóstico diferencial entre duas condições clínicas opostas resultantes em paralisia facial, manifestações, avaliação clínica e manejo adequado. Conclusão: Estudos ainda urgem em ser feitos no intuito de orientar melhor os profissionais e a comunidade a respeito da paralisia facial e a importância que possui o acompanhamento e seguimento precoce. Destarte,

Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹ (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹

Influence of low grade chronic inflammation on susceptibility to tuberculosis and vaccine response in mice

Submitted by Franciele Moreira ([email protected]) on 2019-12-18T14:04:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Danilo Pires de Resende - 2019.pdf: 1218784 bytes, checksum: 9a0c2a63f6dd561784a320fb9d15c65a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Rejected by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]), reason: Faltou o lattes do orientador, além disso leia o que consta no sumário: Anexo 2 – Comprovantes de submissão dos artigos/ aceite para publicação para artigos ainda não publicados/ DOI dos artigos publicado. Acho que deve embargar. on 2019-12-30T14:00:47Z (GMT)Submitted by Franciele Moreira ([email protected]) on 2019-12-30T19:08:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Danilo Pires de Resende - 2019.pdf: 1218784 bytes, checksum: 9a0c2a63f6dd561784a320fb9d15c65a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2020-01-02T11:07:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Danilo Pires de Resende - 2019.pdf: 1218784 bytes, checksum: 9a0c2a63f6dd561784a320fb9d15c65a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-02T11:07:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Danilo Pires de Resende - 2019.pdf: 1218784 bytes, checksum: 9a0c2a63f6dd561784a320fb9d15c65a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-10-14Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESChronic conditions associated with inflammation, such as obesity (OB), diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB), are serious public health problems. The OB epidemic is increasing worldwide; and the prevalence of adult obesity nearly doubled between 1980 and 2017. Since DM is associated with diabetes, the prevalence of diabetes also increased over the same period, reaching 9% of the adult population worldwide, totaling 422 million people. Studies have been demonstrating DM as a risk factor for the development of tuberculosis, raising the hypothesis of an association between OB, DM and TB. Circulating monocyte subpopulation proportions have been shown to change during OB, DM, and TB, however no studies have evaluated monocyte subpopulations in severe OB / DM and if there are characteristics that may be associated with increased susceptibility to TB. In the first part of this study we demonstrated, in a cross-sectional study, with individuals with severe OB (BMI over 35kg / m2) with or without OB (DM) (n = 50 individuals per group) that the population did not of monocytes from OBDM individuals presents similar characteristics to monocytes from individuals with active pulmonary TB, and monocytes from OBDM and TB individuals are more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. This suggests that phenotypic similarity and susceptibility of monocytes may be factors contributing to the association between tuberculosis and obesity. Since monocytes/macrophages change in obesity and these changes interfere with the ability to control Mtb, we decided to assess whether the development of obesity could alter the ability to rescue the specific immune response following M. bovis BCG vaccination. Thus, in the second part of this paper, we evaluated whether obesity interferes with BCG vaccine response by vaccinating young C57BL / 6 mice and inducing obesity by hypercaloric diet and by analyzing the immune response after Mtb challenge. Obesity induced after BCG vaccination did not interfere with TCD4 + IFNγ + lymphocyte rescue after Mtb challenge. However, this response to Mtb has been reduced. These results suggest that vaccination of non-obese animals induces vaccine immune responses that do not change with obesity induced metabolic changes.Condições crônicas associadas à inflamação, como obesidade (OB), diabetes mellitus (DM) e tuberculose (TB), são problemas sérios de saúde pública. A epidemia de OB está aumentando em todo o mundo; e a prevalência de OB entre adultos quase dobrou em entre 1980 e 2017. Como o DM está associado à OB, a prevalência de diabetes também aumentou no mesmo período, chegando a 9% da população adulta em todo o mundo, totalizando 422 milhões de pessoas. Estudos vem demonstrando o DM como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de tuberculose, levantando a hipótese da existência de associação entre OB, DM e a TB. Já foi mostrado que as proporções de subpopulações de monócitos circulantes se alteram durante a OB, DM e a TB, no entanto, nenhum trabalho avaliou as subpopulações de monócitos na OB grave/DM e se existirem características que podem estar associada à maior susceptibilidade à TB. Na primeira parte deste trabalho demonstramos, em um estudo de corte transversal, com indivíduos com OB grave (IMC acima de 35kg/m2) portadores (OBDM) ou não (OB) de DM (n=50 indivíduos por grupo) que a população não-clássica de monócitos de indivíduos OBDM apresenta características similares às dos monócitos dos indivíduos com TB pulmonar ativa, e que monócitos de indivíduos OBDM e com TB são mais susceptíveis à infecção por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), o que sugere que a semelhança fenotípica e a susceptibilidade dos monócitos possam ser fatores que contribuem para a associação entre tuberculose e obesidade. Uma vez que os monócitos/macrófagos se alteram na obesidade e essas mudanças interferem na habilidade de controlar Mtb, decidimos avaliar se o desenvolvimento de obesidade poderia alterar a capacidade de resgatar a resposta imune específica após a vacinação com M. bovis BCG. Logo, na segunda parte deste trabalho, avaliamos se a obesidade interfere na resposta à vacina BCG, vacinando camundongos C57BL/6 jovens e induzindo a obesidade por dieta hipercalórica e analisando a resposta imune após o desafio com Mtb. A obesidade induzida após a vacinação com BCG não interferiu no resgate de linfócitos TCD4+IFNγ+ após o desafio com Mtb. No entanto, essa resposta ao Mtb foi reduzida. Estes resultados sugerem que a vacinação de animais não obesos induz respostas imunes vacinais que não se alteram com as modificações metabólicas induzidas pela obesidade

Evaluation of innate immune response cell recruitment by BCG Moreau in the absence of cytokine IL-17 and IL-22

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2019-12-18T13:49:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Danilo Pires de Resende - 2014.pdf: 1502783 bytes, checksum: 043ea9b1e0954bff1533f75ff62652e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Rejected by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]), reason: Faltou o lattes da orientadora e trovou as data na citação, primeiro é a de publicação e a segunda que é da defesa. on 2019-12-30T14:06:26Z (GMT)Submitted by Liliane Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2020-01-21T13:16:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Danilo Pires de Resende - 2014.pdf: 1502783 bytes, checksum: 043ea9b1e0954bff1533f75ff62652e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2020-01-22T13:08:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Danilo Pires de Resende - 2014.pdf: 1502783 bytes, checksum: 043ea9b1e0954bff1533f75ff62652e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-22T13:08:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Danilo Pires de Resende - 2014.pdf: 1502783 bytes, checksum: 043ea9b1e0954bff1533f75ff62652e4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-28Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESTuberculosis is an infectious disease responsible for millions of deaths every year. BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) is the only licensed vaccine for the prevention of human tuberculosis (TB). Early production of IL-17 and IL-22 as induced by BCG is important for protective memory cells formation in TB. In this context, we evaluated the role of these cytokines in the recruitment and activation of cells of the innate immunity induced by BCG vaccine. C57BL/6, IL22 _ /_ and IL17_ /_ mice were used. Cells obtained after peritoneal lavage were evaluated by flow cytometry and citospin 24 hours, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after infection with BCG, intraperitoneally (1x106/ml). The macrophages recruitment (F4/80 + CD11+) to the peritoneum was similar for all animals, but in IL17_ /_ mice, these cells expressed more MHCII molecules. Neutrophils (Gr1+), initially presented higher percentage in IL17_/_ and IL22_/_ mice compared with C57BL/6 (50.9 ± 5.4, 31.7 ± 1.7). These cells where more activated (Gr1+CD11b+) in the IL17_/_ mice at 5 days post inoculation. NK cells (NK1.1+) was recruited in C57BL/6, mice whereas few NK cells migrated to the peritoneum in IL22_ /_ and IL17_/_ mice, two days after inoculation. Again, these cells were also more activated in IL17_/_ than in other animals (NK1.1+ CD11b+). In summary, intraperitoneal immunization with BCG recruit macrophages, neutrophils and NK cells into the peritoneum. In the absence of IL17 these cells are more activated than in the other mice, indicating a higher activated profile, although these cells were reduced.A tuberculose é uma doença infecto-contagiosa responsável por milhões de mortes todos os anos. BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) é a única vacina autorizada para a prevenção da tuberculose (TB) humana. A produção precoce de IL-17 e IL-22, como a induzida pela BCG, é importante para formação de células de memória protetoras na TB. Neste contexto, avaliamos o papel destas citocinas no recrutamento e ativação das células da imunidade inata induzida pela vacina BCG. Foram utilizados camundongos C57BL/6, IL22_/_ e IL17_/_. Células do lavado peritoneal foram avaliadas por citospin e citometria 24 horas, 2º, 3º, 5º e 7º dias após infecção com BCG, via intraperitoneal (1x106/mL). O recrutamento de macrófagos (F4/80+CD11b+) para o peritônio foi semelhante em todos os animais avaliados, porém nos camundongos IL17_/_ estas células expressavam mais moléculas de MHC de classe II. Os neutrófilos (Gr1+) foram inicialmente mais recrutados nos camundongos IL17_/_ e IL22_/_ em relação ao C57BL/6 (50,9±5,4; 31,7±1,7). Após 5 dias da inoculação, estas células apresentavam-se mais ativadas (Gr1+CD11b+) no camundongo IL17_/_ que nos outros animais. Quanto as células NK (NK1.1+), dois dias após a inoculação, houve recrutamento nos C57BL/6 enquanto que poucas células NK migraram para o peritônio nos camundongos IL22_/_ e IL17_/_. Novamente essas células encontravam-se mais ativadas nos IL17_/_ que nos outros animais (NK1.1+CD11b+). A vacinação intraperitoneal com BCG recruta macrófagos, neutrófilos e células NK para o peritônio. Na ausência de IL17 estas células são mais ativadas do que nos outros camundongos, indicando um perfil de ativação superior

Prime–boost with Mycobacterium smegmatis recombinant vaccine improves protection in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva ([email protected]) on 2018-12-11T19:34:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis - 2013.PDF: 2979344 bytes, checksum: 75b1d696a0b71493d476f9765352665d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2018-12-12T11:49:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis - 2013.PDF: 2979344 bytes, checksum: 75b1d696a0b71493d476f9765352665d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-12T11:49:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis - 2013.PDF: 2979344 bytes, checksum: 75b1d696a0b71493d476f9765352665d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-08The development of a new vaccine as a substitute for Bacillus Calmette–Guerin or to improve its efficacy is one of the many World Health Organization goals to control tuberculosis. Mycobacterial vectors have been used successfully in the development of vaccines against tuberculosis. To enhance the potential utility of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a vaccine, it was transformed with a recombinant plasmid containing the partial sequences of the genes Ag85c, MPT51, and HspX (CMX) from M. tuberculosis. The newly generated recombinant strain mc2-CMX was tested in a murine model of infection. The recombinant vaccine induced specific IgG1 or IgG2a responses to CMX. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the lungs and spleen responded ex vivo to CMX, producing IFN-c, IL17, TNF-a, and IL2. The vaccine thus induced a significant immune response in mice. Mice vaccinated with mc2-CMX and challenged with M. tuberculosis showed better protection than mice immunized with wild-type M. smegmatis or BCG. To increase the safety and immunogenicity of the CMX antigens, we used a recombinant strain of M. smegmatis, IKE (immune killing evasion), to express CMX. The recombinant vaccine IKE-CMX induced a better protective response than mc2-CMX. The data presented here suggest that the expression of CMX antigens improves the immune response and the protection induced in mice when M. smegmatis is used as vaccine against tuberculosis

A New Recombinant BCG Vaccine Induces Specific Th17 and Th1 Effector Cells with Higher Protective Efficacy against Tuberculosis

<div><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb) that is a major public health problem. The vaccine used for TB prevention is <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which provides variable efficacy in protecting against pulmonary TB among adults. Consequently, several groups have pursued the development of a new vaccine with a superior protective capacity to that of BCG. Here we constructed a new recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccine expressing a fusion protein (CMX) composed of immune dominant epitopes from Ag85C, MPT51, and HspX and evaluated its immunogenicity and protection in a murine model of infection. The stability of the vaccine <i>in vivo</i> was maintained for up to 20 days post-vaccination. rBCG-CMX was efficiently phagocytized by peritoneal macrophages and induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Following mouse immunization, this vaccine induced a specific immune response in cells from lungs and spleen to the fusion protein and to each of the component recombinant proteins by themselves. Vaccinated mice presented higher amounts of Th1, Th17, and polyfunctional specific T cells. rBCG-CMX vaccination reduced the extension of lung lesions caused by challenge with Mtb as well as the lung bacterial load. In addition, when this vaccine was used in a prime-boost strategy together with rCMX, the lung bacterial load was lower than the result observed by BCG vaccination. This study describes the creation of a new promising vaccine for TB that we hope will be used in further studies to address its safety before proceeding to clinical trials.</p></div

Representative lung pathology of Balb/c mice after challenge.

<p>Vaccinated mice were challenged <i>i.v</i>. with 10⁵ CFU of virulent <i>M. tuberculosis</i> H37Rv strain. Forty-five days after infection, lung tissue sections from different vaccine groups were harvested. Images are representative of two distinct experiments. HE staining is shown with 20X magnification. (A) Unvaccinated group. Black arrowheads: Foamy macrophages. (B) BCG-vaccinated group. (C) rBCG-CMX vaccinated group. (D) Histological score of the lesion area from three representative fields obtained by AxioVision 4.9.1 software, through ratio of lesioned and total field area. Data are presented as percentages (%).</p

Levels of phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages of BCG and rBCG-CMX after infection (MOI = 10).

<p>(A) Macrophages were infected with BCG or rBCG-CMX and the bacterial load in both the supernatant (sup) and inside the macrophages (Mφ) were determined. The amount of viable bacteria was determined by plating supernatant or cell lysates onto 7H11 agar supplemented with OADC and counting the CFU 28 days after incubation at 37°C. *(p<0.01) significant difference between the compared groups (log10 scale). (B) Nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages infected with BCG or rBCG-CMX was determined. Uninfected media (Control) and LPS-stimulated (LPS) macrophages were included as controls. (C) Microscopic evaluation of peritoneal macrophages, 3 hours after infection with BCG or rBCG-CMX stained with Instant Prov or Ziehl Neelsen. Uninfected macrophages (Control) were included as a negative control. The results shown are representative of three different experiments.</p