Padrão de sobrevivência e efeito na reprodução de Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) após o parasitismo de Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o padrão de sobrevivência de P. citri após o parasitismo de C. perminutus sobre ninfas do 2° e 3° instar, bem como em fêmeas nos estágios pré-reprodutivo e reprodutivo

Host plants for mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in grapevine crop.

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are considered pest insects of economic importance in grapevine crops. They are highly polyphagous, feeding on host plants of about 250 families. This study aimed to identify host plants for mealybugs in grapevinecrops, in the São Francisco Valley region, Brazil. The samples included weeds, ornamentals, windbreaks, fruit trees and native plants of the Caatinga biome. A total of 37 species of host plants for mealybugs were identified, distributed in 18 families. The Malvaceae family was the most frequent one, with eigth host species identified, followed by Fabaceae with four and Euphorbiaceae with three. Most of these host plants are being recorded here for the first time in association with mealybugs species. From the identified plant species, 24 are hosts for Maconelicoccus hirsutus, 16 for Phenacoccus solenopsis, one for Ferrisia virgata, one for Dysmicoccus brevipes and one for Planococcus citri. The obtained results are important to better understand the host plant diversity for mealybugs, in order to implement integrated pest management programs

Plantas daninhas associadas às cochonilhas-farinhentas (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em áreas de videira no semiárido brasileiro.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as espécies de plantas daninhas associadas às cochonilhas-farinhentas em plantios de videira

Vine pest in Northeast of Brazil: a challenge for the production?

The vines producing areas in the São Francisco Valley, located in northeastern Brazil, is the second national pole of the grape production of wines and juices and the main producer of table grapes for in natura consumption. With the increase of cultivated areas in the region, it is the expansion of the geographical distribution of insect pests by dispersing and/or involuntary transport of infested materials, serious problems of the phytosanitary order occur frequently. Thus, this factor is considered a major obstacle to the development of culture in this region affecting productivity and product quality. The insect pests can occur throughout the year attacking various parts of culture, especially in bunches. In Brazil, listed about 40 species of arthropods attacking the growing of vines. However, depending on the region, few species cause significant damage to production (Oliveira et al., 2010). Among the pests that attack the vine in the São Francisco Valley, stands the two mites species Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari : Tetranychidae); three thrips species Retithrips syriacus (Mayet, 1890), Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901) and Frankliniella sp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae); any species of lepidopterous Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Millière, 1864) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); cochineal Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hempel, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) and mealybugs Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813), Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893) e Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Recently, it was found the presence of pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconelicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), becoming a factor to be studied due to the damage that can lead to the growing of vines, as reported in other countries (Vitullo, 2009). Based on the above, is necessary knowledge of the dynamics, habits, damage and time of occurrence of each species, they are fundamental importance for effective control measures to used safely and rationally

Comparative study on the susceptibility of freshwater species to copper-based pesticides.

Abstract Copper compounds have been intentionally introduced into water bodies as aquatic plant herbicides, algicides and molluscicides. Copper-based fertilizers and fungicides have been widely used in agriculture as well. Despite the fact that copper is an essential element for all biota, elevated concentrations of this metal have been shown to affect a variety of aquatic organisms. Nonetheless, comparative studies on the susceptibility of different freshwater species to copper compounds have seldom been performed. This study was conducted to compare toxicity of copper-based pesticides (copper oxychloride, cuprous oxide and copper sulfate) to different freshwater target (Raphidocelis subcapitata, a planktonic alga and Biomphalaria glabrata, a snail) and non-target (Daphnia similis, a planktonic crustacean and Danio rerio, a fish) organisms. Test water parameters were as follows: pH=7.4 ± 0.1; hardness 44 ± 1 mg/l as CaCO3; DO 8?9 mg/l at the beginning and >4 mg/l at the end; temperature, fish and snails 25 ± 1 °C, Daphnia 20 ± 2 °C, algae 24 ± 1 °C. D. similis (immobilization), 48-h EC50s (95% CLs) ranging from 0.013 (0.011?0.016) to 0.043 (0.033?0.057) mg Cu/l, and R. subcapitata (growth inhibition), 96-h IC50s from 0.071 (0.045?0.099) to 0.137 (0.090?0.174) mg Cu/l, were the most susceptible species. B. glabrata (lethality), 48-h LC50s from 0.179 (0.102?0.270) to 0.854 (0.553?1.457) mg Cu/l, and D. rerio (lethality), 48-h LC50s 0.063 (0.045?0.089), 0.192 (0.133?0.272) and 0.714 (0.494?1.016) mg Cu/l, were less susceptible than Daphnia to copper-based pesticides. Findings from the present study therefore suggest that increased levels of copper in water bodies is likely to adversely affect a variety of aquatic species

Nonintegrable Interaction of Ion-Acoustic and Electromagnetic Waves in a Plasma

In this paper we re-examine the one-dimensional interaction of electromagnetic and ion acoustic waves in a plasma. Our model is similar to one solved by Rao et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 26, 2488 (1983)) under a number of analytical approximations. Here we perform a numerical investigation to examine the stability of the model. We find that for slightly over dense plasmas, the propagation of stable solitary modes can occur in an adiabatic regime where the ion acoustic electric field potential is enslaved to the electromagnetic field of a laser. But if the laser intensity or plasma density increases or the laser frequency decreases, the adiabatic regime loses stability via a transition to chaos. New asymptotic states are attained when the adiabatic regime no longer exists. In these new states, the plasma becomes rarefied, and the laser field tends to behave like a vacuum field.Comment: 19 pages, REVTeX, 6 ps figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): exotic pest introduced on vine in the São Francisco Valley.

The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutusis a polyphagous pest that attacks more than 200 generous and about more than 74 botanical families of cultivated or uncultivated plants. Many of these plants are of economic importance to Brazil, including cotton, cocoa, coffee, coconut, citrus, cucumber, corn, beans, papaya, sweet potatoes, figs, grapes, guavas, peanuts, roses, hibiscusand ornamental palms. However, M. hirsutus was recently introduced in Brazil. This study reported the first time occurence this pest in São Francisco Valley, Northeastern Brazil. After the pest presence alert, samplings were taken inside and around of the plantation of vines. The mealybugs were found attacking all structures of grape plants (Vitis vinifera), native plants of caatinga, weeds, "windbreaks" and fruit trees. In grape plants, the mealybugs inside bunches caused the reduction of the fruits quality and the discard of them, and on the sprouts they cause the inhibition of branches development, compromising at least two harvests. Thus, by severity of the damage, M. hirsutus may be considered one of the most important pests of the grape culture in theregion. The control of this new pest is a big challenge that will require a set of actions including chemical insecticides registration, the development of an effective monitoring plan as well as the search and use of natural enemies adapted to the region

Neurobiology of Psychopathology and Psychotherapy and practical implications of materialistic view in mind definition

A psicologia passa no momento atual por uma importante mudança de paradigma teórico e conceitual. Essa mudança ficou bastante marcada na década de 90, considerada a "década do cérebro", quando aumentaram significativamente o número de estudos em comportamento que baseavam-se no funcionamento do cérebro. O mainstream das ciências do comportamento retornou à noção monista materialista de que cérebro e comportamento estão intrinsecamente interligados. Essa noção saiu dos laboratórios de pesquisa básica e chegou com força nas pesquisas aplicadas à psicopatologia e à psicoterapia. A presente revisão narrativa tem como principal objetivo traçar um panorama atual desse empreendimento científico, com ênfase nos esforços feitos dentro dasáreas da psicopatologia e da psicologia clínica. Ao final, discute-se até que ponto essa mudança de paradigma pode chegar na prática profissional do psicólogo.Psychology faces nowadays for a major change of theoretical and conceptual paradigm. This change was quite marked in the 90s, which was considered the "decade of the brain" when the number of behavioral studies based on brain functioning significantly increased. The mainstream of the behavioral sciences returned to the monistic materialistic notion that the brain and behavior are inextricably intertwined. This idea came out of basic research laboratories and influenced strongly in applied research in psychopathology and psychotherapy. This narrative review aims to draw up a current view of the scientific enterprise, with emphasis on efforts within the areas of clinical psychology and psychopathology. It is also discussed to what extent this paradigm shift can reach the professional practice of psychology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio