Global Hypoellipticity for Strongly Invariant Operators

In this note, by analyzing the behavior at infinity of the matrix symbol of an invariant operator $P$ with respect to a fixed elliptic operator, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition to guarantee that $P$ is globally hypoelliptic. We also investigate relations between the global hypoellipticity of $P$ and global subelliptic estimates.Comment: 20 page

Regularity of solutions to a Vekua-type equation on compact Lie groups

We present sufficient conditions to have global hypoellipticity for a class of Vekua-type operators defined on a compact Lie group. When the group has the property that every non-trivial representation is not self-dual we show that these sufficient conditions are also necessary. We also present results about the global solvability for this class of operators

Regularity of solutions to a Vekua-type equation on compact Lie groups

We present sufficient conditions to have global hypoellipticity for a class of Vekua-type operators defined on a compact Lie group. When the group has the property that every non-trivial representation is not self-dual we show that these sufficient conditions are also necessary. We also present results about the global solvability for this class of operators.Comment: 23 page

Hipoeliticidade global para operadores fortemente invariantes

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Alexandre KirilovDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/02/2016Inclui referências : f. 48-49Área de concentração: MatematicaResumo: A partir do conceito de operadores invariantes em relação a uma decomposição de um espaço de Hilbert em subespaços de dimensão finita, introduzimos o símbolo do operador em relação a essa decomposição. Esse símbolo é uma sequência de matrizes cujas propriedades permitem, por exemplo, afirmar se o operador está em alguma classe de Schatten-von Neumann e se é possível estende-lo a um operador limitado. Usamos esses resultados para decompor o espaço de Hilbert L2(M), sobre uma variedade suave compacta orientavel sem bordo M, como soma direta de autoespaços de um operador diferencial el?tico autoadjunto positivo e estudamos propriedades que os operadores invariantes possuem neste espaço. Por fim, obtemos resultados acerca da hipoeliticidade Global de operadores invariantes sobre M analisando seu símbolo.Abstract: From the idea of invariant operators relative to a fixed partition of a Hilbert space into a direct sum of finite dimensional subspaces, we introduce the operator's symbol relative to this decomposition. This symbol is a sequence of matrices whose properties allow us, for example, to state if the operator belong to some Schatten-von Neumann class and if it can be extended to a bounded operator. We apply this results to decompose the Hilbert space L2(M), where M is a orientable compact smooth manifold without boundary, as direct sum of eigenspaces of a positive self-adjoint elliptic differential operator and then we study some properties that the invariants operators have in this space. Finally, we obtain results about global hypoellipticity of invariant operators on M analyzing their symbol

Global properties for a class os operators on compact lie groups

Orientador: Dr. Alexandre KirilovCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Michael RuzhanskyTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática. Defesa : Curitiba, 28/02/2020Inclui referências: p. 142-145Resumo: Esta tese apresenta condições necessárias e suficientes para a obtenção de hipoeliticidade global e resolubilidade global para uma classe de campos vetoriais definidos em um produto de grupos de Lie compactos. Tanto a hipoeliticidade global quanto a resolubilidade global sao estudadas no sentido usual das funcoes suaves, bem como em classes de Komatsu. Em vista da conjectura de Greenfield e Wallach sobre a nao existencia de campos vetoriais globalmente hipoelíticos senao definidos no toro, e estudada uma classe de exemplos que podem ser considerados como perturbacoes de ordem zero de campos vetoriais. Palavras-chave: grupos compactos, hipoeliticidade global, resolubilidade global, classes de Komatsu.Abstract: In this dissertation we present necessary and sufficient conditions to have global hypoellipticity and global solvability for a class of vector fields defined in a product of compact Lie groups. Both global hypoellipticity and solvability are studied in the usual smooth sense as in the sense of Komatsu. Considering the Greenfield's and Wallach's conjecture, about the non-existence of globally hypoelliptic vector fields out of tori, we also study classes of examples that can be considered as zeros-order perturbations of our vector fields. K eywords: compact groups, global hypoellipticity, global solvability, Komatsu classes

Global properties of vector fields on compact Lie groups in Komatsu classes. II. Normal forms

Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be compact Lie groups, $X_1 \in \mathfrak{g}_1$, $X_2 \in \mathfrak{g}_2$ and consider the operator \begin{equation*} L_{aq} = X_1 + a(x_1)X_2 + q(x_1,x_2), \end{equation*} where $a$ and $q$ are ultradifferentiable functions in the sense of Komatsu, and $a$ is real-valued. We characterize completely the global hypoellipticity and the global solvability of $L_{aq}$ in the sense of Komatsu. For this, we present a conjugation between $L_{aq}$ and a constant-coefficient operator that preserves these global properties in Komatsu classes. We also present examples of globally hypoelliptic and globally solvable operators on $\mathbb{T}^1\times \mathbb{S}^3$ and $\mathbb{S}^3\times \mathbb{S}^3$ in the sense of Komatsu. In particular, we give examples of differential operators which are not globally $C^\infty$-solvable, but are globally solvable in Gevrey spaces.Comment: 23 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1910.01922, arXiv:1910.0005

Global Properties for first order differential operators on Tr+1×(S3)s\mathbb{T}^{r+1}\times(\mathbb{S}^{3})^s

In this paper, we study the global properties of a class of evolution-like differential operator with a 0-order perturbation defined on the product of $r+1$ tori and $s$ spheres $\mathbb{T}^{r+1}\times(\mathbb{S}^{3})^s$, with $r$ and $s$ non-negative integers. By varying the values of $r$ and $s$, we show that it is possible to recover results already known in the literature and present new results. The main tool used in this study is Fourier analysis, taken partially with respect to each copy of the torus and sphere. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions related to Diophantine inequalities, change of sign and connectivity of level sets associated the operator's coefficients

Global analytic hypoellipticity for a class of evolution operators on T1×S3\mathbb{T}^1\times\mathbb{S}^3

In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions to have global analytic hypoellipticity for a class of first-order operators defined on $\mathbb{T}^1 \times \mathbb{S}^3$. In the case of real-valued coefficients, we prove that an operator in this class is conjugated to a constant-coefficient operator satisfying a Diophantine condition, and that such conjugation preserves the global analytic hypoellipticity. In the case where the imaginary part of the coefficients is non-zero, we show that the operator is globally analytic hypoelliptic if the Nirenberg-Treves condition ($\mathcal{P}$) holds, in addition to a Diophantine condition.Comment: 24 page

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio