Enhancement of algorithm for detection of gold strip circuit vessel sensor errors

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2019Sensors are used to understand the condition and flow of mineral processes. Having accurate and precise information is fundamental for proper operation. Even small errors are relevant to cost when considering the operational span of a mine. Finding small errors is hard; few algorithms can detect them and fewer still, when considering errors on the scale of 2% in magnitude. Some tools have recently been developed using data mining techniques for detecting small errors. Rambabu Pothina (2017) created an algorithm for detecting small errors in strip vessel temperature sensors in the carbon stripping circuit in Pogo mine. The algorithm performed well and was able to detect small magnitude errors without disrupting the industrial process. This thesis improves the understanding of the performance of the algorithm, while also making some minor changes. First, a statistical analysis of the results of the algorithm on baseline data revealed an inherent difference in how the carbon strip process was run with respect to the two strip vessels. This discovery provided insight into the algorithm, and how its performance depended on process characteristics. Second, the error detection algorithm was tested under scenarios different from Pothina (2017). Three separate types of errors were artificially added to real data: a) a fixed 2% ("fixed" error increase) b) a fixed 2% decrease ("fixed" error decrease) and c) an error with a mean value of 2% of magnitude ("noisy" error). Additionally, error was added to temperature data from each strip vessel (rather than just one), though only one at a time. The algorithm was tested under each scenario for each of the four years, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The time to detect errors ranged from 19 to 73 days. The time to detect was very high (53 to 73 days) in 2017 since there were large data gaps that year. In general, time to detect was about 30 days. The performance under noisy error were not that far below fixed error scenario. The algorithm took 10% more time to detect errors under noisy error scenario compared to fixed error scenario. On average, the algorithm detected an error after 25 cycles, regardless of the time span this represents. This is consistent in years with plentiful data, such as 2015, as well as years with less data, 2017 and 2018. In years with data gaps, 25 cycles represent a longer time period. Seeded errors that decreased vessel temperature have very similar results to its equivalent increase, i.e. the decrease in 2% of S2 has results similar to the increase of 2% in S1 and vice versa. In conclusion, these additional testing and analysis helped develop a more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of the data and the algorithms. These results validate and strengthen the findings of Pothina (2017).University of Alaska Fairbanks: Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, Department of Labor, Mining Engineering Endowment, Pogo Mine, Fort Knox Min

Rastreio de Câncer de Colo de Útero pelo DNA do HPV

Objetivo: Elucidar as atuais estratégias de prevenção do câncer de colo do útero e seus desafios, com maior enfoque no teste de DNA-HPV para rastreamento e estratificação de risco. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca no PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo e Bireme/LILACS, utilizando os descritores ("screening for cervical cancer" AND "HPV DNA") pesquisados no MeSH e no DeCS. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e com a exclusão de artigos duplicados ou não disponíveis para acesso, restringiu-se para um total de 22 artigos.  Resultados/ Discussão: Clinicamente, a triagem de neoplasia cervical de baixo grau por teste de HPV tem sido documentada como mais sensível para detectar lesões cervicais pré-cancerosas subjacentes por meios histológicos do que por análises repetitivas de citologia líquida. Os testes de HPV são bioquímicos e padronizados, enquanto a citologia é subjetiva e requer identificação visual. Conclusão: O avanço, no método de rastreio, dar-se-á por meio do teste de DNA-HPV. Tornando-se uma das principais medidas de saúde pública necessárias, em prol da prevenção do câncer de colo de útero.&nbsp

Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) in Amazonian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) delays egg hatching and larval development of progeny.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a globally important arbovirus and has been reported from all states of Brazil. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infective Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) or Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895). However, it is important to know if ZIKV transmission also occurs from Ae. aegypti through infected eggs to her offspring. Therefore, a ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) free colony was established from eggs collected in Manaus and maintained until the third?fourth generation in order to conduct ZIKV vertical transmission (VT) experiments which used an infectious bloodmeal as the route of virus exposure. The eggs from ZIKV-infected females were allowed to hatch. The resulting F1 progeny (larvae, pupae, and adults) were quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assayed for ZIKV. The viability of ZIKV vertically transmitted to F1 progeny was evaluated by cultivation in C6/36 cells. The effects of ZIKV on immature development of Ae. aegypti was assessed and compared with noninfected mosquitoes. Amazonian Ae. Aegypti were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection (96.7%), and viable virus passed to their progeny via VT. Moreover, eggs from the ZIKV-infected mosquitoes had a significantly lower hatch rate and the slowest hatching. In addition, the larval development period was slower when compared to noninfected, control mosquitoes. This is the first study to illustrate VT initiated by oral infection of the parental population by using mosquitoes, which originated from the field and a ZIKV strain that is naturally circulating in-country. Additionally, this study suggests that ZIKV present in the Ae. aegypti can modify the mosquito life cycle. The data reported here suggest that VT of ZIKV to progeny from naturally infected females may have a critical epidemiological role in the dissemination and maintenance of the virus circulating in the vector

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Caderno de pós-graduação em direito: novas tendências do direito ambiental

Pioneirismo sempre foi uma característica do UniCEUB; outra característica é a evolução permanente. A Instituição sempre acompanhou a evolução tecnológica e pedagógica do ensino. Isso se coaduna com a filosofia institucional que é a de preparar o homem integral por meio da busca do conhecimento e da verdade, assegurando-lhe a compreensão adequada de si mesmo e de sua responsabilidade social e profissional. Destarte, a missão institucional é a de gerar, sistematizar e disseminar o conhecimento visando à formação de cidadãos reflexivos e empreendedores, comprometidos com o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sustentável. E não poderia ser diferente. Com a expansão do conteúdo acadêmico que se transpassa do físico para o virtual, do local para o universal, do restrito para o difundido, isso porque o papel não é mais apenas uma substância constituída por elementos fibrosos de origem vegetal, os quais formam uma pasta que se faz secar sob a forma de folhas delgadas donde se cria, modifica, transforma letras em palavras; palavras em textos; textos em conhecimento, não! O papel se virtualiza, se desenvolve, agora, no infinito, rebuscado de informações. Assim, o UniCEUB acompanha essa evolução. É dessa forma que se desafia o leitor a compreender a atualidade, com a fonte que ora se entrega à leitura virtual, chamada de e-book. Isso é resultado do esforço permanente, da incorporação da ciência desenvolvida no ambiente acadêmico, cujo resultado desperta emoção, um sentimento de beleza de que o conteúdo científico representa o diferencial profissional. Portanto, convido-os a leitura desta obra, que reúne uma sucessão de artigos que são apresentados com grande presteza e maestria; com conteúdo forte e impactante; com sentimento e método, frutos da excelência acadêmicaOrganizadores: Gabriel R. Rozendo Pinto, Leandro Soares Nunes, Naiara Ferreira Martins, Paulo Victor Lima, Pedro Almeida Costa, Pietro Pimenta, Rodrigo Gonçalves Ramos de Oliveir

Lidar Observations in South America. Part I - Mesosphere and Stratosphere

South America covers a large area of the globe and plays a fundamental function in its climate change, geographical features, and natural resources. However, it still is a developing area, and natural resource management and energy production are far from a sustainable framework, impacting the air quality of the area and needs much improvement in monitoring. There are significant activities regarding laser remote sensing of the atmosphere at different levels for different purposes. Among these activities, we can mention the mesospheric probing of sodium measurements and stratospheric monitoring of ozone, and the study of wind and gravity waves. Some of these activities are long-lasting and count on the support from the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). We intend to pinpoint the most significant scientific achievements and show the potential of carrying out remote sensing activities in the continent and show its correlations with other earth science connections and synergies. In Part I of this chapter, we will present an overview and significant results of lidar observations in the mesosphere and stratosphere. Part II will be dedicated to tropospheric observations