A journey into the entrepreneurial society

Entrepreneurship is the engine of economic development, which in turn impacts upon the challenges facing future entrepreneurs. This timely book explores institutional, behavioural and policy issues of primary importance to understanding the entrepreneurial society. Topics covered include entrepreneurship in relation to formal and informal institutions; entrepreneurial choice, orientation and success; entrepreneurial behaviours; entrepreneurial finance, growth and economic crises; and entrepreneurship, social dimensions and outcomes

The relationship between knowledge management and innovation level in Mexican SMEs: Empirical evidence

The transformation of the current society from an industry-based economy to a knowledge management and innovation-based economy is changing the design and implementation of business strategies and the nature of the competition among the organizations which are mainly small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). They struggle to survive in a market which is more demanding and competitive, so they seeknowledge management as one of the most effective strategies that may help to enable the innovation activities into the businesses. For these reasons, this research paper has as a main goal to analyze the relationship between knowledge management and innovation in Mexican SMEs. The empirical analysis used 125 manufacturing SMEs (each SME having from 20 to 250 employees) as a sample to be carried out. The obtained results indicate that knowledge management has a positive impact in products, process, and management systems innovation

Behavior Modification of Depression: A Review of Theories and Research

There is a need to find effective ways to treat depression, due to its high incidence and to the severity of its consequences. The first psychological treatment of depression came with the advent of psychoanalysis, but today the theories dealing with the etiology and treatment of depression range from genetic and biological approaches to an existential conceptualization. While briefly reviewing these various current approaches, the primary purpose of this paper is to present the behavioral/social learning approach to the understanding and treatment of depression. The specific theoretical formulations, methods of assessment and treatment approaches characteristic of the behavioral/social learning approach will be reviewed. Illustrative clinical and research studies concerning therapeutic outcomes are evaluated. The results indicate that while behavioral approaches appear to be effective in the treatment of depression, additional systematic research must be conducted before final judgments can be made as to whether behavioral treatment of depression will become the treatment of choice

On the status of Apostolepis freitasi (Serpentes, Elapomorphinae) by examination of new specimens

Apostolepis freitasi Lema, 2004 was described only with the holotype, a young and discolored specimen from Bahia (Brazil). New specimens were found which data cleared better the status of the species, indicating a differentiate population of Apostolepis cearensis Gomes, 1915, restrict to southeastern Bahia State, Brazil, in the morpho climatic domain Caatinga influenced by littoral climate. Key words: local morph, Apostolepis cearensis, Caatinga, southeastern Bahia, Brazil.Apostolepis freitasi Lema, 2004 was described only with the holotype, a young and discolored specimen from Bahia (Brazil). New specimens were found which data cleared better the status of the species, indicating a differentiate population of Apostolepis cearensis Gomes, 1915, restrict to southeastern Bahia State, Brazil, in the morpho climatic domain Caatinga influenced by littoral climate. Key words: local morph, Apostolepis cearensis, Caatinga, southeastern Bahia, Brazil

Phenotyping renal leukocyte subsets by four-color flow cytometry: Characterization of chemokine receptor expression

To investigate mechanisms of cell-mediated injury in renal inflammatory disease it is critical to determine the surface phenotype of infiltrating renal leukocyte subsets. However, the cell-specific expression of many leukocyte receptors is difficult to characterize in vivo. Here, we report a protocol based on flow cytometry that allows simultaneous characterization of surface receptor expression on different subsets of infiltrating renal leukocytes. The described technique combines an adapted method to prepare single cell suspensions from whole kidneys with subsequent four-color flow cytometry. We recently applied this technique to determine the differential expression of murine chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 on infiltrating renal leukocyte subsets. In this article, we summarize our current findings on the validity of the method as compared with immunohistology and in situ hybridization in two murine models of nonimmune ( obstructive nephropathy) and immune-mediated ( lupus nephritis) inflammatory renal disease. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an accumulation of CCR5-, but not CCR2-positive lymphocytes in inflamed kidneys, compared to the peripheral blood. Particularly renal CD8(+) cells expressed CCR5 (79% in obstructed kidneys, 90% in lupus nephritis). In both models, infiltrating renal macrophages were positive for CCR2 and CCR5. These data corresponded to immunohistological and in situ hybridization results. They demonstrate that flow cytometric analysis of single cell suspensions prepared from inflamed kidneys is a rapid and reliable technique to characterize and quantify surface receptor expression on infiltrating renal leukocyte subsets

Revalidação de Apostolepis barrioi (Serpentes: Dipsadidae).

With 32 species, Apostolepis is the most diverse genus in the tribe Elapomorphini. The description of Apostolepis barrioi is based on one specimen and the taxon later was synonymized with A. dimidiata. Based on a examination of new specimens, the taxon is resurrected to full species rank. Apostolepis barrioi differs from all congeners by having an immaculate white venter, narrow dorsolateral stripes not in contact with the ventrals, and a terminal black shield. With the addition of A. barrioi, the number of species of the genus increases to 33; however, more systematic research on the status of the species in the group is required, especially for those species that were described on the basis of only on few specimens.Apostolepis é o gênero mais diversificado da tribo Elapomorphini, com 32 espécies reconhecidas. Apostolepis barrioi foi descrita com base em um único exemplar e então sinonimizada a A. dimiata. Depois de uma reavaliação de novos dados, reconhecemos Apostolepis barrioi como um táxon válido que se distingue das demais espécies do gênero por apresentar o ventre e as escamas gulares de cor branca imaculada, faixas dorsais mais finas que podem ou não apresentar contato com as escamas ventrais e placa terminal negra. Com a revalidação de Apostolepis barrioi o número de espécies do gênero aumenta para 33. No entanto, mais estudos taxonômicos relacionados aos grupos do gênero são necessários, especialmente com aquelas espécies cujas descrições estão baseadas em poucos exemplares

Redescrição do holótipo de Elapomorphus coronatus Sauvage 1877, com a observação de Gymnophiona no estômago (Serpentes, Colubridae, Elapomorphinae)

Elapomorphus coronatus was described on a specimen from “Amérique du Sud”, housed in the Paris Museum of Natural History. The original description is poor of data. This species was allocated in the genus Apostolepis Cope 1861, due to a mistake of the author because the specimen is an anomalous of Elapomorphus lepidus (Reinhardt 1861). The examination of the holotype allows to amplify the original data, and the redescription of the same. Another interesting aspect, is the presence of a large Gymnophiona specimen in the stomach. Key words: Elapomorphus lepidus, Gymnophiona, pholidosis, coloration, morphology, anomaly, head collar.Elapomorphus coronatus foi descrito a partir de um espécime de “Amérique du Sud”, abrigado no Museu de História Natural de Paris. A descrição original é pobre de dados. Esta espécie foi alocada no gênero Apostolepis Cope 1861, devido a um erro do autor porque o exemplar é um anômalo de Elapomorphus lepidus (Reinhardt 1861). O exame do holótipo permite a ampliação dos dados originais e sua redescrição. Outro aspecto interessante é a presença de um espécime grande de Gymnophiona no estômago. Palavras-chave: Elapomorphus lepidus, Gymnophiona, folidose, coloração, morfologia, anomalia, colar cefálico

Cánovas o El hombre de estado

Indice.Copia digital : Diputación de Málaga. Biblioteca Canovas del Castillo, 201

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF APOSTOLEPIS (SERPENTES: DIPSADIDAE: XENODONTINI: ELAPOMORPHINI) FROM SERRA DO RONCADOR, CENTRAL BRAZIL

É descrita uma nova espécie de Apostolepis, de Serra do Roncador, Mato Grosso, Brasil Central, no bioma Cerrado. É semelhante a A. christinei, diferindo principalmente, pela ausência de listras (vs. presença), a cabeça com o mesmo diâmetro do colo (vs. inferior), plano rostral no lado inferior (vs. reentrada); cauda mancha maior (vs. menor), mancha supralabial longa, atingindo rostral (vs. curto, em duas supralabials), colar preto nucal não atingindo a região gular (vs. colar, como Gullar). O holótipo é de Serra do Roncador, fronteira leste do Mato Grosso isolado por Rio Araguaia do estado de Tocantins, no Bioma Cerrad