Collage City: A cartographic game as a teaching experience in Urbanism

[EN] Urbanism I, taught in the 2nd year at the ETS de Arquitectura de Valencia, is an introductory course to the basic concepts and the instrumentation of analysis in the discipline of urban planning. During the course, a main practical exercise is carried out in phases or stages, the aim of which is to identify and understand the different urban plots in the city. In this exercise, a low performance is detected in the part corresponding to the analysis and individual drawing of the urban plots. A new approach to the practical exercise is proposed, consisting of "creating a city" as a collaborative project among the students on the course, converting the practice into a "collaborative game" with a creative component that we believe is more suggestive for the students. As a result, the rupture of individuality, the evaluation of transversal competences that often go unnoticed with other teaching methodologies and the considerable reduction in the delay of individual deliveries by the students, as well as the absence of these, stand out.[ES] La asignatura Urbanística I impartida en la ETS de Arquitectura de Valencia en 2º curso, es una asignatura introductoria a los conceptos básicos y a la instrumentación del análisis dentro de la disciplina urbanística. Durante el curso se desarrolla un ejercicio práctico principal que se realiza por fases o etapas, y que tiene como objetivo la identificación y conocimiento de las distintas tramas urbanas de la ciudad. En este ejercicio se detecta un bajo rendimiento en la parte correspondiente al análisis y dibujo individual de las tramas urbanas. Se plantea un nuevo enfoque al ejercicio práctico, consistente en “crear una ciudad” como proyecto colaborativo entre los alumnos del curso, convirtiendo la práctica en un “juego colaborativo” con una componente creativa a nuestro juicio más sugerente para los alumnos. Como resultado se destaca la ruptura de la individualidad, la valoración de competencias transversales que con frecuencia pasan desapercibidas con otras metodologías docentes y la reducción significativamente del retraso de las entregas individuales por parte de los alumnos, así como la ausencia de estas.Temes Cordovez, R.; Rodríguez Pasamontes, J.; De León Rodríguez, R. (2023). Ciudad Collage: Un juego cartográfico como experiencia docente en Urbanismo. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 739-753. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2023.2023.1658973975

La segmentación territorial de la oferta comercial en las áreas turísticas de litoral : una propuesta metodológica

Fundación CajaCanariasLa modalidad y la categoría de los alojamientos turísticos se plantean como esenciales en la localización y la tipología de los equipamientos y servicios comerciales de las áreas turísticas de litoral. Esta relación permite identificar patrones espaciales a través de la delimitación de unidades territoriales con cierto grado de homogeneidad respecto a la oferta comercial. El resultado es la segmentación territorial de tales áreas, mediante la definición de zonas de preferencias, necesidades, motivaciones, comportamientos, hábitos, actitudes, expectativas y pautas de consumo de productos y servicios comerciales similares. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las potencialidades de dicha segmentación. Para ello se plantea un ejemplo en las áreas turísticas del sur de Tenerife (Canarias, España).Les característiques dels allotjaments turístics es plantegen com a essencials en la localització i la tipologia dels equipaments i serveis comercials de les àrees turístiques de litoral. Aquesta relació permet identificar patrons espacials a través de la delimitació d'unitats territorials amb cert grau d'homogeneïtat respecte a l'oferta comercial. El resultat és la segmentació territorial d'aquestes àrees, mitjançant la definició de zones de preferències, necessitats, motivacions, comportaments, hàbits, actituds, expectatives i pautes de consum de productes i serveis comercials similars. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és analitzar les potencialitats d'aquesta segmentació. Per fer-ho es planteja un exemple a les Canàries (Espanya).Les caractéristiques de l'hébergement touristique sont considérées comme essentielles pour l'emplacement et la typologie des équipements et des services commerciaux dans les zones touristiques côtières. Cette relation permet d'identifier des schémas spatiaux à travers la délimitation d'unités territoriales avec un certain degré d'homogénéité par rapport à l'offre commerciale. Le résultat est la segmentation territoriale de ces zones, en définissant des zones de préférences, de besoins, de motivations, de comportements, d'habitudes, d'attitudes, d'attentes et de modes de consommation de produits et de services commerciaux similaires. L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser les potentialités de cette segmentation. Pour cela, nous présentons un exemple concernant les îles Canaries (Espagne).The characteristics of tourist accommodation are considered a key aspect of the location and typology of commercial facilities and services in coastal tourist areas. This relationship allows identifying spatial patterns through the delimitation of territorial units with a certain degree of homogeneity with respect to the commercial supply. The result is the territorial segmentation of these areas through the definition of zones of preferences, needs, motivations, behaviors, habits, attitudes, expectations and consumption patterns of similar commercial products and services. The objective of this paper is to analyze the potentialities of this segmentation. To this end, an example is presented of the Canary Islands, Spain

Predicting Clinical Outcome with Phenotypic Clusters in COVID-19 Pneumonia: An Analysis of 12,066 Hospitalized Patients from the Spanish Registry SEMI-COVID-19

(1) Background: Different clinical presentations in COVID-19 are described to date, from mild to severe cases. This study aims to identify different clinical phenotypes in COVID-19 pneumonia using cluster analysis and to assess the prognostic impact among identified clusters in such patients. (2) Methods: Cluster analysis including 11 phenotypic variables was performed in a large cohort of 12,066 COVID-19 patients, collected and followed-up from 1 March to 31 July 2020, from the nationwide Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI)-COVID-19 Registry. (3) Results: Of the total of 12,066 patients included in the study, most were males (7052, 58.5%) and Caucasian (10,635, 89.5%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 67 years (standard deviation (SD) 16). The main pre-admission comorbidities were arterial hypertension (6030, 50%), hyperlipidemia (4741, 39.4%) and diabetes mellitus (2309, 19.2%). The average number of days from COVID-19 symptom onset to hospital admission was 6.7 (SD 7). The triad of fever, cough, and dyspnea was present almost uniformly in all 4 clinical phenotypes identified by clustering. Cluster C1 (8737 patients, 72.4%) was the largest, and comprised patients with the triad alone. Cluster C2 (1196 patients, 9.9%) also presented with ageusia and anosmia; cluster C3 (880 patients, 7.3%) also had arthromyalgia, headache, and sore throat; and cluster C4 (1253 patients, 10.4%) also manifested with diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Compared to each other, cluster C1 presented the highest in-hospital mortality (24.1% vs. 4.3% vs. 14.7% vs. 18.6%; p 20 bpm, lower PaO2/FiO2 at admission, higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the phenotypic cluster as independent factors for in-hospital death. (4) Conclusions: The present study identified 4 phenotypic clusters in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which predicted the in-hospital prognosis of clinical outcomes

Los juicios simulados (Moot Court) como herramienta pedagógica en derecho y ciencias políticas

Memoria ID-0054. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection ar

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings