La clarté rédactionnelle en droit et ses multiples horizons [Clear legal writing: A pluridisciplinary approach]

The present contribution aims at highlighting the role of clear legal writing in the framework of national and international institutional contexts. Clear legal writing will be analysed with respect to three different areas of study: juridical linguistics, translation studies and international cooperation. Juridical linguistics is currently exploring the multiple specific needs and challenges of clear legal writing in the different branches of law on national as well as international level. Translation Studies highlight the specificity of legal translation by defining this practice as a particular case of specialized translation which varies according to its operational context. Multilingualism actually implies a new definition of translation as multilingual co-writing. International cooperation studies how clear legal writing can be ensured with respect to the normative and standard-settings activity and the associated diplomatic and political issues belonging to international organisations. The interest of such a multi-disciplinary approach is the possibility of correlating those complementary perspectives of analysis in order to better understand the notion of clear writing as well as its importance in the field of law-making

2022 Update of the consensus on the rational use of antithrombotics and thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 6: Defining rational use of thrombolytics

Objectives To systematically review available evidence and establish guidelines related to the use of thrombolytics for the management of small animals with suspected or confirmed thrombosis. Design PICO (Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcome) questions were formulated, and worksheets completed as part of a standardized and systematic literature evaluation. The population of interest included dogs and cats (considered separately) and arterial and venous thrombosis. The interventions assessed were the use of thrombolytics, compared to no thrombolytics, with or without anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents. Specific protocols for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were also evaluated. Outcomes assessed included efficacy and safety. Relevant articles were categorized according to level of evidence, quality, and as to whether they supported, were neutral to, or opposed the PICO questions. Conclusions from the PICO worksheets were used to draft guidelines, which were subsequently refined via Delphi surveys undertaken by the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) working group. Results Fourteen PICO questions were developed, generating 14 guidelines. The majority of the literature addressing the PICO questions in dogs is experimental studies (level of evidence 3), thus providing insufficient evidence to determine if thrombolysis improves patient-centered outcomes. In cats, literature was more limited and often neutral to the PICO questions, precluding strong evidence-based recommendations for thrombolytic use. Rather, for both species, suggestions are made regarding considerations for when thrombolytic drugs may be considered, the combination of thrombolytics with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, and the choice of thrombolytic agent. Conclusions Substantial additional research is needed to address the role of thrombolytics for the treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis in dogs and cats. Clinical trials with patient-centered outcomes will be most valuable for addressing knowledge gaps in the field

2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 6: Defining rational use of thrombolytics

Objectives: To systematically review available evidence and establish guidelines related to the use of thrombolytics for the management of small animals with suspected or confirmed thrombosis. Design: PICO (Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcome) questions were formulated, and worksheets completed as part of a standardized and systematic literature evaluation. The population of interest included dogs and cats (considered separately) and arterial and venous thrombosis. The interventions assessed were the use of thrombolytics, compared to no thrombolytics, with or without anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents. Specific protocols for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were also evaluated. Outcomes assessed included efficacy and safety. Relevant articles were categorized according to level of evidence, quality, and as to whether they supported, were neutral to, or opposed the PICO questions. Conclusions from the PICO worksheets were used to draft guidelines, which were subsequently refined via Delphi surveys undertaken by the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) working group. Results: Fourteen PICO questions were developed, generating 14 guidelines. The majority of the literature addressing the PICO questions in dogs is experimental studies (level of evidence 3), thus providing insufficient evidence to determine if thrombolysis improves patient-centered outcomes. In cats, literature was more limited and often neutral to the PICO questions, precluding strong evidence-based recommendations for thrombolytic use. Rather, for both species, suggestions are made regarding considerations for when thrombolytic drugs may be considered, the combination of thrombolytics with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, and the choice of thrombolytic agent. Conclusions: Substantial additional research is needed to address the role of thrombolytics for the treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis in dogs and cats. Clinical trials with patient-centered outcomes will be most valuable for addressing knowledge gaps in the field

Safe and effective anticoagulation in small animals - Is that too much to ask? Long-awaited first steps

Editoria

Afrodescendencias y contrahegemonías : desafiando al decenio

América Latina y el Caribe se ve afectada nuevamente por la aplicación de políticas neoliberales en las que prevalece la inequidad y la profundización de las desigualdades sociales. Para las personas afrodescendientes son tiempos difíciles, en los que los derechos conquistados en la década pasada en algunos países están amenazados. El concepto de hegemonía toma plena vigencia y reclama el fortalecimiento del pensamiento contrahegemónico frente al resurgimiento de narrativas eurocéntricas y discursos racistas que, a través del desprecio de las luchas sociales, la subvaloración de la diversidad étnico-racial, de género y otras, pretenden afianzarse. Este libro pone en el centro del debate intelectual y político las afrodescendencias, sus encrucijadas, disputas y luchas contrahegemónicas y nuestra resistencia afrodiaspórica en el marco del Decenio Internacional de los pueblos afrodescendientes