Providing Access to Water: The pump, the spring and the klu

This article examines the relationships between administrators and the administered within the framework of local development brokerage practices directed at setting up running water systems for domestic consumption in Tibetan rural areas of Qinghai Province. Split between several locations, the activities of the brokers entail finding agreements and compromises in various forms with a variety of interlocutors: local government, the recipients of the project – and also the deities

Surinder S. Jodhka, Caste in Contemporary India

Do we need yet another book on castes? Although to all appearances provocative, this is the question that might come to mind when browsing through Surinder Jodhka’s latest publication, Caste in Contemporary India. Hugo Gorringe (2014), in his review of the same book, also foresees people will wonder what is the point of publishing another book on caste. Which fresh perspectives does Surinder Jodhka, a professor of sociology and chair of the Centre for the Study of Social Systems at the Jawaha..

Trouver les mots justes

Publiées à Xining (Chine) en 2007, Joies et peines de l’enfant Naktsang, un témoignage historique sans précédent sur les années 1950 en Amdo (nord-est du Tibet), sont très vite devenues un best-seller du marché littéraire local. Contrairement aux pratiques dominant l’écriture du tibétain, le texte entremêle les registres littéraire et oral, mettant les dialectes pastoraux par écrit « tels quels ». L’ethnographie des expériences de lecture et des réceptions de l’ouvrage permet d’analyser la diversité des appréciations formulées à l’égard de cette écriture atypique, pour dégager certaines des sources de la justesse de ton qu’un grand nombre de lecteurs reconnaît à l’enfant Naktsang.Published in Xining (China) in 2007, Joys and Sorrows of the Naktsang Boy, a unique historical testimony about the 1950s in Amdo (north-eastern Tibet), quickly became a best-seller on the local literary market. Contrary to dominant Tibetan writing practices, the book intertwines the oral and the literary registers, writing down pastoral dialects “as they are spoken”. Based on an ethnographic study of reading experiences and receptions of Joys and Sorrows, the article analyses the varied assessments of this unusual writing style, while seeking to locate some of the sources of the aptness and justness of tone that many readers recognise to its author

Rupa VISWANATH, The Pariah Problem. Caste, Religion, and the Social in Modern India

L’historiographie indienne est longtemps restée silencieuse sur l’histoire des intouchables, ou des Dalits comme on s’y réfère généralement aujourd’hui (ce terme, qui signifie l’opprimé en marathi, est aujourd’hui préféré aux nombreux autres qui l’ont précédé car il traduit correctement le caractère forcé de leur assujettissement). Ce n’est qu’au début des années 1980, suite à l’émergence des études subalternistes, et en parallèle au développement d’un mouvement dalit à travers le pays, que d..

Manure Matters, Volume 8, Number 9

Interpreting Test Reports of Ground Water Monitoring Wells at Livestock Waste Control Facilities Some livestock waste control facilities that are required to have an operating permit by the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (NDEQ) are also required to install ground water monitoring wells adjacent to the waste control facility. Ground water monitoring requirements are decided on site-specific considerations. Generally, ground water monitoring may be required where the depth to water is shallow, sediments are sandy, the livestock facility is located in a public water supply’s Wellhead Protection Area, or any combination of these and other factors listed in Chapter 13 of Title 130 of the Nebraska Administrative Code. At a minimum, one well is installed up-gradient and at least two wells down-gradient from the waste storage facility. NDEQ has published a Guidance Document that details how these wells are to be constructed and tested. It specifies that these wells are to be sampled twice a year, spring and fall. NDEQ staff review monitoring well test results and base decisions on any actions to be taken on the results, on site characteristics, and on studies done in Nebraska and other states

Early Visually Evoked Electrophysiological Responses Over the Human Brain (P1, N170) Show Stable Patterns of Face-Sensitivity from 4 years to Adulthood

Whether the development of face recognition abilities truly reflects changes in how faces, specifically, are perceived, or rather can be attributed to more general perceptual or cognitive development, is debated. Event-related potential (ERP) recordings on the scalp offer promise for this issue because they allow brain responses to complex visual stimuli to be relatively well isolated from other sensory, cognitive and motor processes. ERP studies in 5- to 16-year-old children report large age-related changes in amplitude, latency (decreases) and topographical distribution of the early visual components, the P1 and the occipito-temporal N170. To test the face specificity of these effects, we recorded high-density ERPs to pictures of faces, cars, and their phase-scrambled versions from 72 children between the ages of 4 and 17, and a group of adults. We found that none of the previously reported age-dependent changes in amplitude, latency or topography of the P1 or N170 were specific to faces. Most importantly, when we controlled for age-related variations of the P1, the N170 appeared remarkably similar in amplitude and topography across development, with much smaller age-related decreases in latencies than previously reported. At all ages the N170 showed equivalent face-sensitivity: it had the same topography and right hemisphere dominance, it was absent for meaningless (scrambled) stimuli, and larger and earlier for faces than cars. The data also illustrate the large amount of inter-individual and inter-trial variance in young children's data, which causes the N170 to merge with a later component, the N250, in grand-averaged data. Based on our observations, we suggest that the previously reported “bi-fid” N170 of young children is in fact the N250. Overall, our data indicate that the electrophysiological markers of face-sensitive perceptual processes are present from 4 years of age and do not appear to change throughout development

Light-Emitting Probes for Labeling Peptides

[Abstract] Peptides are versatile biopolymers composed of 2–100 amino acid residues that present a wide range of biological functions and constitute potential therapies for numerous diseases, partly due to their ability to penetrate cell membranes. However, their mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated due to the lack of appropriate tools. Existing light-emitting probes are limited by their cytotoxicity and large size, which can alter peptide structure and function. Here, we describe the available fluorescent, bioluminescent, and chemiluminescent probes for labeling peptides, with a focus on minimalistic options.Estados Unidos. National Institute of General Medical Sciences; R35GM138201Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; 2016/10585-4Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; 2019/15871-3Xunta de Galicia; ED481A-2019/08

Acquired Gitelman Syndrome

Acquired renal tubular disorder can be observed in various disease processes, especially autoimmune diseases. Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. This disorder is caused by mutation in the SLC12A3 gene, which encodes the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCCT). Acquired Gitelman syndrome has been reported and the majority has been associated with Sjögren's syndrome. The presence of circulating auto-antibodies to NCCT was suggested as a mechanism of acquired Gitelman syndrome. Treatment of acquired Gitelman syndrome was done with supplements of potassium and magnesium and prednisone was effective in some cases. Acquired Gitelman syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of renal involvement in patients with autoimmune diseases, especially Sjögren's syndrome