Confident Object Detection via Conformal Prediction and Conformal Risk Control: an Application to Railway Signaling

Deploying deep learning models in real-world certified systems requires the ability to provide confidence estimates that accurately reflect their uncertainty. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of the conformal prediction framework to construct reliable and trustworthy predictors for detecting railway signals. Our approach is based on a novel dataset that includes images taken from the perspective of a train operator and state-of-the-art object detectors. We test several conformal approaches and introduce a new method based on conformal risk control. Our findings demonstrate the potential of the conformal prediction framework to evaluate model performance and provide practical guidance for achieving formally guaranteed uncertainty bounds

New pathway to bypass the 15O waiting point

We propose the sequential reaction process $^{15}$O($p$,$\gamma)(\beta^{+}$)$^{16}$O as a new pathway to bypass of the $^{15}$O waiting point. This exotic reaction is found to have a surprisingly high cross section, approximately 10$^{10}$ times higher than the $^{15}$O($p$,$\beta^{+}$)$^{16}$O. These cross sections were calculated after precise measurements of energies and widths of the proton-unbound $^{16}$F low lying states, obtained using the H($^{15}$O,p)$^{15}$O reaction. The large $(p,\gamma)(\beta^{+})$ cross section can be understood to arise from the more efficient feeding of the low energy wing of the ground state resonance by the gamma decay. The implications of the new reaction in novae explosions and X-ray bursts are discussed.Comment: submitte

Probing Nuclear forces beyond the drip-line using the mirror nuclei 16^{16}N and 16^{16}F

Radioactive beams of $^{14}$O and $^{15}$O were used to populate the resonant states 1/2$^+$, 5/2$^+$ and $0^-,1^-,2^-$ in the unbound $^{15}$F and $^{16}$F nuclei respectively by means of proton elastic scattering reactions in inverse kinematics. Based on their large proton spectroscopic factor values, the resonant states in $^{16}$F can be viewed as a core of $^{14}$O plus a proton in the 2s$_{1/2}$ or 1d$_{5/2}$ shell and a neutron in 1p$_{1/2}$. Experimental energies were used to derive the strength of the 2s$_{1/2}$-1p$_{1/2}$ and 1d$_{5/2}$-1p$_{1/2}$ proton-neutron interactions. It is found that the former changes by 40% compared with the mirror nucleus $^{16}$N, and the second by 10%. This apparent symmetry breaking of the nuclear force between mirror nuclei finds explanation in the role of the large coupling to the continuum for the states built on an $\ell=0$ proton configuration.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication as a regular article in Physical Review

Spectroscopy of 18^{18}Na: Bridging the two-proton radioactivity of 19^{19}Mg

The unbound nucleus $^{18}$Na, the intermediate nucleus in the two-proton radioactivity of $^{19}$Mg, was studied by the measurement of the resonant elastic scattering reaction $^{17}$Ne(p,$^{17}$Ne)p performed at 4 A.MeV. Spectroscopic properties of the low-lying states were obtained in a R-matrix analysis of the excitation function. Using these new results, we show that the lifetime of the $^{19}$Mg radioactivity can be understood assuming a sequential emission of two protons via low energy tails of $^{18}$Na resonances

Spectroscopy of the unbound nucleus 18Na

Expérience GANIL, SPIRALInternational audienceThe unbound nucleus 18Na, the intermediate nucleus in the two-proton radioactivity of 19Mg, is studied through the resonant elastic scattering 17Ne(p,17Ne)p. The spectroscopic information obtained in this experiment is discussed and put in perspective with previous measurements and the structure of the mirror nucleus 18N

An above-barrier narrow resonance in ¹⁵F

Intense and purified radioactive beam of post-accelerated $^{14}$O was used to study the low-lying states in the unbound $^{15}$F nucleus. Exploiting resonant elastic scattering in inverse kinematics with a thick target, the second excited state, a resonance at E$\_R$=4.757(6)(10)~MeV with a width of $\Gamma$=36(5)(14)~keV was measured for the first time with high precision. The structure of this narrow above-barrier state in a nucleus located two neutrons beyond the proton drip line was investigated using the Gamow Shell Model in the coupled channel representation with a $^{12}$C core and three valence protons. It is found that it is an almost pure wave function of two quasi-bound protons in the $2s\_{1/2}$ shell.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, Submitted to Phys. Lett.

An above-barrier narrow resonance in F-15

Intense and purified radioactive beam of post-accelerated O-14 was used to study the low-lying states in the unbound F-15 nucleus. Exploiting resonant elastic scattering in inverse kinematics with a thick target, the second excited state, a resonance at E-R = 4.757(6)(10) MeV with a width of Gamma = 36(5)(14) keV was measured for the first time with high precision. The structure of this narrow above-barrier state in a nucleus located two neutrons beyond the proton drip line was investigated using the Gamow Shell Model in the coupled channel representation with a C-12 core and three valence protons. It is found that it is an almost pure wave function of two quasi-bound protons in the 2s(1/2) shell. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Annexe 4. Datation du voyage en Italie

Le voyage sur les bords du Rhin et le voyage en Angleterre sont explicitement datés, de 1836 et 1838 respectivement, et ceci dès leur titre : Voyage des bords du Rhin, commencé le 15 juin 1836 pour le premier, 23 juin 1838 pour le second, la date constituant même dans ce dernier cas le titre à elle seule. Le voyage en Italie, en revanche, n’est pas daté : les séjours, les visites, les étapes quotidiennes sont certes datés par le quantième et par le mois (« 1er février », « 2 février »), ou m..

Annexe 1. Les enfants de la comtesse de Grancey et de quelques autres membres de la famille

Eugénie de Grancey eut six enfants (on donne en italiques le prénom qu’elle utilise dans ses journaux de voyage) : Eugène Antonin (1831-1870) Charles Galliot Gabriel (1832-1912) Anne Christine (1833-1911) Augustine Léontine (1835-1867) Adèle Louise Marie (1837-1915) Edmond Galliot (1842-1911) Mme de Mandat-Grancey avait donc quatre enfants lors de son voyage sur les bords du Rhin en 1836, cinq lors de son voyage en Angleterre en 1838, et six lors de son voyage en Italie en 1846. La mère aima..

Study of 15^{15}F energy levels

Expérience GANIL E521