Meninos e meninas em situação de rua : o direito de aprender

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, 2013.O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar as dimensões ambiente educativo, gestão escolar democrática e acesso e permanência dos alunos na escola pública à luz da qualidade na educação. A formação escolar é significativamente relevante para a emancipação dos sujeitos e para transformação social. Assim sendo, a qualidade da educação precisa ser uma realidade na escola pública, para superar diversos problemas que levam os alunos a interromperem o processo de formação, impedindo-os de assumir uma posição proativa na sociedade. A base adotada para discussão neste trabalho é o documento “Indicadores da Qualidade na Educação”, cuja elaboração em 2005 e sua ampliação em 2007 contaram com a participação de um conjunto expressivo de instituições de projeções nacionais e internacionais, apontando sete dimensões a serem desenvolvidas em uma escola para proporcionar educação de qualidade. Em uma perspectiva que vise consolidar a permanência dos alunos na escola, o trabalho focaliza considerando as percepções dos segmentos que compõem a comunidade do estabelecimento de ensino investigado – a Escola dos Meninos e Meninas do Parque – EMMP, que recebe crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos em situação de rua, que abriu suas portas para coleta dos dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e da observação da prática pedagógica que desenvolve. A conclusão alcançada é que a comunidade escolar, ao se comprometer em consolidar um ambiente educativo, livre de discriminação, exclusão e indiferença, preserva a presença do aluno na escola. Ao construir uma gestão escolar democrática, a comunidade escolar passa a conhecer os problemas internos e pode mobilizar-se para solucionar, inclusive aqueles que impedem os alunos de permanecerem na escola. Ao dedicar-se em conservar seus alunos na escola, criando canais de avaliação para identificar alunos que se encontram em risco de abandono, a escola combate efetivamente a possível evasão. ____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe main objective of the study here presented is to analyze the school environment, the democratic management, the access and permanency of public school students influence the educations quality and in the conclusion of Basic Education. The school graduation is significantly important to the person's emancipation and for social change. Therefore, the school quality need to be a reality in public schools, to overcome the problems that result in school evasion, blocking them to achieve a participative position in our society. The document “Indicadores da Qualidade na Educação”, which was made in 2005 and improved in 2007, was used as base for the work here presented. An expressive group of international and national institutions participated of its creation, pointing seven dimensions to be developed in the school to offer a good education quality. With a perspective to achieve the students permanence in school, this work focus the perceptions of the segments part of the school environment here investigated - Escola dos Meninos e Meninas do Parque – EMMP, which receive children, teenagers and adults who lives in the street, that open its doors to collect data, using as instrument semi-structured interviews and observation of the pedagogic practice. In conclusion the school community when compromise with building an educative environment, without discrimination, exclusion and indifference, preserve the student in school. Developing a democratic management, the school community starts to recognize the internal problems and can be able to solve this problems. Dedicating in the students permanence, creating evaluation ways to detect students in risk to leave the studies, the school come up against a possible evasion. Keys words: quality in basic education, public school, indicators, politics of education

“Every day that I stay at home, it's another day blaming myself for not being at #Frontline”–Understanding medical students' sacrifices during COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 struck the world and stretched the healthcare system and professionals. Medical students engaged in the pandemic effort, making personal and professional sacrifices. However, the impact of these sacrifices on students` professional development is still unknown. We applied constructivist grounded theory to individual audio diaries (total time = 5h38 min) and interviews (total time = 11h57min) performed with 18 last-year medical students during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The perspective of making sacrifices caused initial emotional distress in medical students, followed by a negotiation process revolving around three themes: predisposition to sacrifice, sense of competence, and sense of belonging. This negotiation process led to three response patterns: Pattern A: “No sense of duty”–the sacrifice was perceived as meaningless, and students showed intense anger and a desire to flee; Pattern B: “Sense of duty with hesitation to act”–the sacrifice was acknowledged as legitime, but students felt unprepared to contribute, leading to feelings of frustration and shame; and, Pattern C: “Sense of duty with readiness to act”–the engagement with the sacrifice was perceived as an opportunity to grow as a doctor, leading to fulfillment and proudness. Students ready to engage with the COVID-19 effort experienced identity consonance, reinforcing their professional identities. Students who felt incompetent or found the sacrifice meaningless experienced identity dissonance, which led to emotional suffering and the consideration of abandoning the course. Monitoring students' emotional reactions when facing professional challenges creates opportunities to problematize the role of sacrifice in the medical profession and scaffold professional identity development.</p

INSTALAÇÕES PROVISÓRIAS NA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL

Neste trabalho foram estudados os conceitos fundamentais provenientes das instalações provisórias na construção civil. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi descrever, de modo sucinto, os princípios fundamentais para o início de qualquer edificação, além de expor componentes essenciais para a segurança dos colaboradores, bem como das pessoas que circulam próximas ou até mesmo dentro do canteiro de obra. O estudo possui caráter bibliográfico, feito a partir da análise de artigos científicos, além de sites específicos, tanto da concessionária de energia elétrica, quanto das normas que regem alguns dos temas estudados. Por fim, foi descrito o processo pelo qual concede a solicitação de energia elétrica referente ao estado de Minas Gerais. Através deste breve estudo, possibilita ao profissional um entendimento mínimo e necessário para o início de qualquer edificação, como também a necessidade de ter conhecimentos sobre algumas normas específicas

Diseño IoT y validación de sistema de medida para generación fotovoltaica

The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems for electricity generation is constantly growing in Brazil. With the reduction in the price of PV modules and the implementation of the electric power compensation system by the power distributor, the consumer is investing in PV microgeneration to reduce the electricity bill. This article aims to develop an embedded system in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). Having an IoT monitoring system applied to a grid-connected PV system in an educational institution helps teach concepts such as IoT and PV generation. The system is based on the ESP32 development board for acquiring DC voltage and current generated by a 1.35 kWp PV system connected to the grid and installed at the IFCE. This proposal offers a low-cost educational solution using open source and programmable hardware, which sends the data to a database in the cloud, enabling remote access worldwide. Then, using the data analysis methodology, it was possible to validate the values measured with the inverter installed with an error below 1% for the voltage and current acquired during one day. With this result, it is concluded that the designed IoT system can be used for measurement in PV systems.El uso de sistemas fotovoltaicos (FV) para la generación de electricidad está en constante crecimiento en Brasil. Con la reducción del precio de los módulos FV y la implementación del sistema de compensación de energía eléctrica por parte del distribuidor de energía, el consumidor está invirtiendo en microgeneración FV para reducir la factura de energía. El objetivo del presente artículo es desarrollar un sistema embebido en el contexto de Internet de las cosas (IoT). Tener un sistema de monitoreo IoT aplicado a un sistema FV conectado a la red en una institución educativa ayuda a enseñar conceptos tanto de IoT como de generación FV. El sistema se basa en la placa de desarrollo ESP32 para la adquisición de tensión y corriente continua generada por un sistema FV de 1,35 kWp conectado a la red e instalado en el IFCE. Esta propuesta ofrece una solución educativa de bajo costo, con código abierto y hardware programable, que envían los datos a una base de datos en la nube, lo que permite el acceso remoto desde cualquier parte del mundo. Posteriormente, con una metodología de análisis de datos fue posible validar los valores medidos con el inversor instalado con un error inferior al 1 % para la tensión y la corriente adquiridas durante un día. Con este resultado se concluye que el sistema IoT diseñado puede ser utilizado para la medición en sistemas FV

When the earth stood still: air pollution during the Covid-19 quarantine – the case of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic due to the new coronavirus (COVID-19). Several countries responded to this threat by introducing quarantine measures to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in the community. These measures have drastically reduced human activities, causing an impact on urban air pollution due to the associated reduction in automobile use and other polluting activities. We investigated this effect with measurements of Particulate Material (PM10), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Ozone (O3), carried out by the environmental departments of the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, for two months in 2020. We compared them with data for the corresponding months in 2019, relating to the social isolation index, measured by the Mathematics and Statistic Institute of São Paulo (IME-USP). The results show a significant decrease in NO2 and CO and an increase in O3, and little change in Particulate Material.In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic due to the new coronavirus (COVID-19). Several countries responded to this threat by introducing quarantine measures to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in the community. These measures have drastically reduced human activities, causing an impact on urban air pollution due to the associated reduction in automobile use and other polluting activities. We investigated this effect with measurements of Particulate Material (PM10), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Ozone (O3), carried out by the environmental departments of the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, for two months in 2020. We compared them with data for the corresponding months in 2019, relating to the social isolation index, measured by the Mathematics and Statistic Institute of São Paulo (IME-USP). The results show a significant decrease in NO2 and CO and an increase in O3, and little change in Particulate Material

Minimally invasive surgical treatment in patients with immunological thrombocytopenic purpura: total splenectomy by a hybrid mini-laparoscopic technique

Duas pacientes, uma com 28 anos e outro com 61 anos de idade, apresentavam quadro de astenia, púrpura e trombocitopenia (ambos &lt; 15.000 plaquetas/mm3). Após a exclusão de outras etiologias e com o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de púrpura trombocitopênica imunológica (PTI), ambos iniciaram terapia com corticoides. Entretanto, ambos pacientes permaneceram com plaquetas &lt; 20.000 /mm3, caracterizando PTI refratária e com a indicação de esplenectomia. A equipe cirúrgica optou por uma abordagem minilaparoscópica híbrida. Com uma melhor visualização do campo cirúrgico, menos trauma abdominal, mais destreza nos movimentos e com alta hospitalar precoce, o uso de instrumentos minilaparoscópicos se provou uma abordagem segura e eficaz para esses pacientes.Two female patients, one 28 years-old, and the other 61 years-old, with a history of asthenia, purpura and thrombocytopenia (both &lt;15,000 platelets / mm3). Once other etiologies were excluded, and the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was established, corticoid therapy was started in both cases. However, the patients remained with a platelet count &lt;20,000 / mm3, characterizing refractory ITP, and the splenectomy was indicated. The surgical team opted for a hybrid minimally invasive surgical procedure. Providing a better visualization of the surgical field, less abdominal trauma, greater technical dexterity, and early hospital discharge, the use of minilaparoscopic instruments proved to be a safe and effective approach for these patients

Social justice in medical education: inclusion is not enough-it's just the first step

INTRODUCTION: Medical schools worldwide are creating inclusion policies to increase the admission of students from vulnerable social groups. This study explores how medical students from vulnerable social groups experience belongingness as they join the medical community. METHODS: This qualitative study applied thematic analysis to 10 interviews with medical students admitted to one medical school through an affirmative policy. The interviews followed the drawing of a rich picture, in which the students represented a challenging situation experienced in their training, considering their socio-economic and racial background. The analysis was guided by the modes of belonging (engagement, imagination, and alignment) described by the Communities of Practice framework. RESULTS: Participants struggled to imagine themselves as future doctors because they lack identification with the medical environment, suffer from low self-esteem, aside from experiencing racial and social discrimination. Participants also find it troublesome to engage in social and professional activities because of financial disadvantages and insufficient support from the university. However, participants strongly align with the values of the public health system and show deep empathy for the patients. DISCUSSION: Including students with different socio-economic and racial backgrounds offers an opportunity to reform the medical culture. Medical educators need to devise strategies to support students' socialization through activities that increase their self-esteem and make explicit the contributions they bring to the medical community

SUICIDE RISK AMONG NURSING STUDENTS ATTENDING A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY

Objective: to describe the suicide risk rates in Nursing students from different nationalities in a public university.Method: a cross-sectional study conducted between August and November 2019 in Ceará, Brazil. The students included were those aged at least 18 years old and duly enrolled; the exclusion criteria were as follows: inactive link due to medical leave or course cancellation. The Suicide Risk Index was used for data collection. The following tests were performed: Chi-square; Fisher's Exact and Mann-Whitney.Results: of the 192 participants, 28.6% did not have religious/spiritual factors susceptible of stopping the suicidal act, 12.5% had a family history of suicide, and 2.6% had suicide plans. An association was detected between gender and suicidal potential risk (p>0.000). There was a difference in the suicidal potential risk in relation to gender (p>0.000), nationality (p>0.000) and marital status (p=0.043).Conclusion: the study contributes to a reflection on suicide, to early detection and to understanding the impacts in the university.Objective: to describe the suicide risk rates in Nursing students from different nationalities in a public university.Method: a cross-sectional study conducted between August and November 2019 in Ceará, Brazil. The students included were those aged at least 18 years old and duly enrolled; the exclusion criteria were as follows: inactive link due to medical leave or course cancellation. The Suicide Risk Index was used for data collection. The following tests were performed: Chi-square; Fisher's Exact and Mann-Whitney.Results: of the 192 participants, 28.6% did not have religious/spiritual factors susceptible of stopping the suicidal act, 12.5% had a family history of suicide, and 2.6% had suicide plans. An association was detected between gender and suicidal potential risk (p>0.000). There was a difference in the suicidal potential risk in relation to gender (p>0.000), nationality (p>0.000) and marital status (p=0.043).Conclusion: the study contributes to a reflection on suicide, to early detection and to understanding the impacts in the university

The influence of a consultative leadership style in the trust and commitment relationships in the Special Police Operations Battalion (Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais) of Rio de Janeiro

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com ojetivo de compreender a influência de uma liderança consultiva nas relações de confiança e comprometimento dentro de uma unidade de operações especiais, mais especificamente no Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Apresentam-se os resultados de um estudo em que se utilizaram métodos quantitativos e qualitativos, com entrevistas em profundidade e questionários estruturados. A amostra é composta por 128 respondentes, de um total de 400 policiais. Os resultados apontam para uma relação direta entre um estilo de liderança consultivo e as confianças pessoal e profissional no líder. Conclui-se que liderança e confiança explicam parcialmente a qualidade da coordenação informal nas equipes da unidade, e são esses mesmos fatores que explicam a propensão ao risco extremo para as operações e o foco em resultados.This work was developed with the aim of understanding the influence of a consultative leadership in the relations of confidence and commitment within a special operations unit, specifically in the Special Operations Battalion of Military Police of the State of Rio de Janeiro. We present the results of a study that used quantitative and qualitative methods, with in depth interviews and structured questionnaires. The sample was composed of 128 respondents from 400 police officers. The results point out to a direct relationship between a consultative leadership style, and personal and professional confidence in the leader. We conclude that leadership and trust can explain partially the quality of the informal coordination of these teams in this police unit, and are the factors that explain the propensity to take extreme risk in the operations with focus on results.Este trabajo fue desarrollado con el objetivo de comprender la influencia del liderazgo consultivo en las relaciones de confianza y compromiso dentro de una unidad de operaciones especiales, más específicamente en el Batallón de Operaciones Policiales Especiales de la Policía Militar del estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se presentan los resultados de un estudio en que se utilizan métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, con entrevistas en profundidad y cuestionarios estructurados. La muestra se compone de 128 encuestados, de un total de 400 policías. Los resultados indican una relación directa entre un estilo de liderazgo consultivo y la confianza personal y profesional en el líder. Se concluye que el liderazgo y la confianza explican parcialmente la calidad de la coordinación informal en los equipos de esta unidad de policía, y son estos mismos factores que explican la propensión al riesgo extremo para las operaciones y el enfoque en resultados