Suplementação de creatina e o aumento da massa muscular

Orientador: Sergio Gregório da SilvaMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Física

ZOOPLANKTON COMPOSITION IN EUTROPHIC RESERVOIRS OF THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE STATE (Northeast Brazil).

A composição e abundância de espécies do zooplâncton foram investigadas em seis reservatórios eutróficos do Rio Grande do Norte, caracterizados por altas concentrações de fósforo total, elevada biomassa fitoplanctônica e dominância de cianobactérias. As amostragens foram realizadas nos períodos sazonais de seca, chuva e de transição. O zooplâncton apresentou padrões quantitativos também sugestivos de condições eutróficas, com densidades elevadas. Foi constatada ainda uma diferenciação espacial na composição da comunidade. Rotíferos (destacando-se Keratella tropica, Brachionus havanensis e Keratella americana) foram dominantes na comunidade zooplanctônica dos reservatórios Itans, Passagem das Traíras e Sabugi, enquanto copépodos Calanoida (especialmente Notodiaptomus cearensis e Argyrodiaptomus sp.) dominaram os reservatórios Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, Gargalheiras e Parelhas. Os resultados obtidos apontam para novas relações na composição da comunidade zooplanctônica em sistemas eutróficos do semi-árido tropical, incluindo a presença expressiva do zooplâncton herbívoro de grande porte como copépodos Calanoida, as quais precisam ser consideradas no estabelecimento de indicadores de condição de trofia de reservatórios.Species composition and abundance of the zooplankton were studied in six eutrophic reservoirs of Rio Grande do Norte State, which showed high concentrations of total phosphorus, high phytoplankton biomass and dominance by cianobacteria. Sampling was carried out during dry, rainy and transitional periods. Zooplankton also showed quantitative patterns suggestive of eutrophic conditions, expressed by high densities. Moreover it was observed a spatial differentiation in the composition of zooplankton community. Rotifers (specially Keratella tropica, Brachionus havanensis e Keratella americana) were the dominant forms in the zooplanktonic community of Itans, Passagem das Traíras and Sabugi reservoirs, while Calanoid copepods (mainly Notodiaptomus cearensis) dominated in Armando Ribeiro, Gargalheiras and Parelhas reservoirs. The results obtained point out to new relationships in the composition of zooplanktonic community in eutrophic reservoirs of the tropical semi-arid, including the occurrence of large-sized herbivorous zooplankton such as Calanoid copepods, which must be considered in the establishment of zooplanktonic indicators of eutrophic conditions in reservoirs

CIANOBACTÉRIAS E CIANOTOXINAS EM RESERVATÓRIOS DOESTADO DORIOGRANDEDONORTEE O POTENCIAL CONTROLE DAS FLORAÇÕES PELA TILÁPIA DO NILO (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS)

Cyanobacteria blooms in reservoirs result in loss of water quality and negative effects to human health. To reduce these impacts the monitoring of the cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin occurrence as well as the application of measures to counteract the cyanobacteria blooms are made necessary. The manipulation of filter-feeding omnivorous fish stock, as Nile tilapia, has been proposed as an strategy for cyanobacteria bloom control. The present work aimed to evaluate: I) the presence of cyanobacteria (composition, density and biovolume by sedimentation technique) and cianotoxins (mouse bioassay) in five reservoirs located at the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, in five sampling campaigns between September 2002 and March 2004; II) the per capita consumption rates of filamentous cyanobacteria by Nile tilapia through laboratory experiments using a natural population of cyanobacteria (experiment I) and a culture of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (experiment II), after the juveniles tilapias being exposed to a gradient of cyanobacteria biomass. The phytoplankton of the investigated reservoirs were dominated by cyanobacteria, including various toxigenic species (C. raciborskii, Microcystis spp., Aphanizomenon e Anabaena circinalis). Cianotoxins were present in three out of five reservoirs. The consumption rate of cyanobacteria (?g chlorophyll-a.fish-1.day-1) by the tilapia was 0,29 in the experiment I and 0,5 in the experiment II. The human populations that use the studied reservoirs as drinking water supply are being potentially exposed to the negative effects of the cyanobacteria. The present research suggests that the stock of Nile tilapia to control cyanobacteria blooms is viable. Nevertheless, factors such as the ichthyo-eutrophication and the accumulation of cyanotoxins in the fish biomass should be taken into account before implementing a biomanipulation program.Florações de cianobactérias em reservatórios resultam na perda da qualidade da água e em efeitos negativos para a saúde humana. Faz-se, portanto, necessário o monitoramento da ocorrência de cianobactérias e cianotoxinas, bem como a aplicação de medidas de controle das florações. Uma estratégia viável para esse controle é a manipulação dos estoques de peixes onívoros filtradores, como a tilápia do Nilo. Neste trabalho foram avaliados: i) a presença de cianobactérias (composição, densidade e biovolume, pelo método da sedimentação) e cianotoxinas (bioensaios com camundongos) em cinco reservatórios do semi-árido do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, em cinco campanhas de coletas, entre setembro de 2002 e março de 2004; e ii) as taxas de consumo per capita de cianobactérias filamentosas pela tilápia, através de dois experimentos em laboratório, utilizando populações naturais de cianobactérias (experimento I) e uma cultura de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (experimento II), após a exposição de indivíduos jovens de tilápia a um gradiente de biomassa de cianobactérias. O fitoplâncton nos reservatórios estudados apresentou dominância de cianobactérias, incluindo várias espécies toxigênicas (C. raciborskii, Microcystis spp., Aphanizomenon e Anabaena circinalis). Cianotoxinas foram evidenciadas em três dos cinco reservatórios. O consumo de cianobactérias (?g clorofila-a.peixe-1.dia-1) foi de 0,29 no experimento Ie de 0,5 no experimento II. Populações abastecidas pelos reservatórios investigados estão potencialmente expostas aos efeitos negativos das cianotoxinas. Esta pesquisa sugere que é viável a estocagem da tilápia do Nilo no controle de florações de cianobactérias. Entretanto, fatores como a ictioeutrofização e o acúmulo de cianotoxinas na biomassa dos peixes devem ser levados em consideração antes que um programa de biomanipulação possa ser implementado

Behavioral and biological risks of women seeking HIV test in an anonymous testing center

Due to the high prevalence and morbidity sexually transmitted diseases are highly relevant to public health, especially for women. OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare the behavioral and biological risks associated with human immunodeficiency virus acquisition. METHODS: A group of 253 women who voluntarily sought anonymous testing were interviewed to find out their behavioral risk. Biological risk was identified by means of gynecological exam, colposcopy as well as blood and cervicovaginal sampling for serological and microbiological exams. Using known traditional risk factors, a table of scores classified the subjects into high, low and absent for behavioral and biological risks. Frequency and percentage of each risk was tabulated and the correlation between risks was obtained by calculating the Kappa statistic. RESULTS: 79.8% of subjects were found to have behavioral risks, and 79.1% biological risks. It was also found that 66.7% of the women (169) with high behavioral risk also had high biological vulnerability. However, 31 out of 51 women without any behavioral risk had biological vulnerability 12.2 %. The Kappa statistic demonstrated low agreement between the latter risks [K = 0.05 95% CI (-0.06 to 0.17)]. CONCLUSION: Women who seek care in centers for anonymous testing have high biological risk, which is neither proportional nor concurrent to behavioral risk. The low concordance found between these risks suggests the need for routine gynecological investigation (clinical and microbiological) for all women.36036

Exploring modifiable risk factors for premature birth in the context of COVID-19 mitigation measures: A discussion paper

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This manuscript is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents with sick or premature babies have faced challenges following admission to a neonatal unit due to the imposed lock-down restrictions on social contact, hospital visitation and the wearing of personal protective equipment. The negative short-term impact on neonatal care in relation to the prevention of close proximity, contact and bonding between parents and babies is potentially significant. However, an interesting finding has been reported of a reduction in premature birth admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit during the pandemic, raising important questions. Why was this? Was it related to the effect of the modifiable risk-factors for premature birth? This discussion paper focuses on an exploration of these factors in the light of the potential impact of COVID-19 restrictions on neonatal care. After contextualising both the effect of premature birth and the pandemic on neonatal and parental short-term outcomes, the discussion turns to the modifiable risk-factors for premature birth and makes recommendations relevant to the education, advice and care given to expectant mothers.Peer reviewe