Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

G6PD deficiency in Latin America: systematic review on prevalence and variants

Plasmodium vivax radical cure requires the use of primaquine (PQ), a drug that induces haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) individuals, which further hampers malaria control efforts. The aim of this work was to study the G6PDd prevalence and variants in Latin America (LA) and the Caribbean region. A systematic search of the published literature was undertaken in August 2013. Bibliographies of manuscripts were also searched and additional references were identified. Low prevalence rates of G6PDd were documented in Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay, but studies from Curaçao, Ecuador, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Suriname and Trinidad, as well as some surveys carried out in areas of Brazil, Colombia and Cuba, have shown a high prevalence (> 10%) of G6PDd. The G6PD A-202A mutation was the variant most broadly distributed across LA and was identified in 81.1% of the deficient individuals surveyed. G6PDd is a frequent phenomenon in LA, although certain Amerindian populations may not be affected, suggesting that PQ could be safely used in these specific populations. Population-wide use of PQ as part of malaria elimination strategies in LA cannot be supported unless a rapid, accurate and field-deployable G6PDd diagnostic test is made available

O direito fundamental ao trabalho decente sob a ótica da erradicação do trabalho infantil e proteção do adolescente.

O texto aborda o trabalho decente como direito fundamental, com ênfase na situação juvenil, na medida em que pontua a necessidade de erradicação do trabalho infantil como forma de alcança-lo, aliado à medidas de proteção dos adolescentes no mercado de trabalho.The issue of child labor is a matter of concern worldwide, especially in view of its harmful consequences, particularly as regards the perpetuation of the cycle of poverty and school drop-out

Author Correction 2024: Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials(Nature Communications, (2021), 12, (1), 10.1038/s41467-021-22446-z)

Correction to: Nature Communicationshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22446-z, published online 15 April 2021 The original version of this article contained an error in Table 1, which misidentified the trial included in the meta-analysis registered as NCT04323527 as CloroCOVID19II instead of CloroCOVID19III. The NCT04323527 registration includes the trials CloroCOVID19I and CloroCOVID19III. CloroCOVID19I was not included in the meta-analysis. In addition, the original version of the Methods section inadvertently omitted details of which formulations of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine the reported dosages refer to. The following information has been included in the legend for Table 1 and in the corrected methods section: “In all trials that used hydroxychloroquine, dosages refer to hydroxychloroquine sulfate. In trials that used chloroquine, the dosages for ARCHAIC, ChiCTR2000030054 and ChiCTR2000031204 refer to chloroquine phosphate, while those for CloroCOVID19II and CloroCOVID19III refer to chloroquine base. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene has issued a retraction note (1) for one of the trials (2) that had been included in the calculations of our meta-analysis. Exclusion of the data from this trial changes neither the results nor inferences of the meta-analysis. For hydroxychloroquine, the original odds ratio for mortality was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02–1.20; I 2 = 0%; 26 trials; 10,012 patients) and excluding the retracted trial the odds ratio for mortality would remain 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02–1.20, I 2 = 0%; 25 trials; 9818 patients). Retraction Notice. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 107, 728-728, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1073ret (2022). Abd-Elsalam, S. et al. RETRACTED: Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 103, 1635-1639, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0873 (2020). The errors in Table 1 and in the Methods section have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article

Food security and poverty in the era of decentralization in Indonesia

Food security enhancement is one of the main objectives of agricultural development. In Indonesia, agricultural and rural development, such as food security and the reduction of poverty and the number of food-insecure households, is being determined by the changing dynamics of the international economy and the domestic strategic environment. The studies contained in this working paper provide an analysis of the current status and suggest future policy directions for poverty reduction strategies in the context of decentralization in Indonesia. The study was conducted in three parts, they examine the achievement made in rural and agricultural development and poverty alleviation. Part 1 and 2 directly address food security and poverty. Part 3 focuses on the empowerment of rural households facing food insecurity