Resposta cardiovascular a um protocolo de exercício resistido a 70% 1RM

Introdução: O sedentarismo enquadra-se como sendo um fator de risco para doenças crônicas degenerativas, sendo importante a pratica de atividade física para contornar essa situação. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a resposta cardiovascular da frequência cardíaca aguda após a um protocolo de exercício resistido à 70% 1RM. Material e Métodos: Foram analisados 13 voluntários saudáveis (idade= 21,23 ± 3,47), de ambos os sexo (9 homens e 4 mulheres) e praticantes de atividade física regularmente há pelo menos 12 meses. Foram submetidos a um teste de 1RM, estratificação amostral e a um protocolo de protocolo de exercício resistido a 70% 1RM, sendo feito 6 series de 10 repetições do exercício supino reto. A aferição da frequência cardíaca foi feitas através de um medidor de frequência cardíaco Polar FT7.Resultados e discussão: Como resultado, a frequência cardíaca mostrou-se elevado durante todo o exercício 91,40 ±11,82; 94,80 ±19,10; 97,00 ±19,19; 93,30 ±17,51;94,10 ±17,05; 108,50 ±108,50 sendo 1º,2º,3º,4º,5º e 6º serie respectivamente.Considerações Finais: A partir do achado, conclui-se que a frequência cardíaca serve como forma de orientar um treino mais seguro, porem, o exercício resistido mostrou-se elevar a frequência cardíaca devendo ser feito maiores analises

Estudo económico da implementação de medidas nZEB e ZEB num edifício de habitação multifamiliar

Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise dos custos de ciclo de vida de diferentes cenários de reabilitação (básica, nZEB e ZEB) aplicados a um edifício multifamiliar de características correntes em Portugal, de modo a avaliar a viabilidade económica da satisfação dos níveis de desempenho nZEB e ZEB na reabilitação energética de edifícios multifamiliares em Portugal. Para a satisfação do referido objetivo, foram considerados os seguintes cenários de reabilitação energética: - Situação existente: caso de referência, com o qual foram comparados os benefícios de cada cenário de reabilitação energética. Este cenário corresponde à manutenção do edifício dentro das condições atuais de funcionalidade; - Reabilitação básica: cenário que cumpre os requisitos mínimos imposto pelo Regulamento do Desempenho Energético dos Edifícios de Habitação (REH); - Reabilitação nZEB: cenário correspondente à solução de reabilitação de custo ótimo em Portugal, que é equivalente a uma redução no consumo de energia primária de 80%, em relação ao consumo existente antes da reabilitação; - Reabilitação ZEB: cenário equivalente ao cenário nZEB, onde se utilizam as mesmas soluções de isolamento térmico da envolvente e os equipamentos para a climatização e preparação das Águas Quentes Sanitários (AQS), mas que difere do anterior devido à utilização de um sistema fotovoltaico para anular as necessidades energéticas remanescentes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Temporal behavior of Ethernet communications: impact of the operating system and protocol stack

Ethernet is currently the most widely used networking technology, spanning across many application domains including embedded systems. In this particular case, Ethernet is even used in many time-critical applications in which the delay induced by communication must be short and bounded. It is thus very important to understand the entire transmission process and assess its temporal behavior. There are a number of aspects to consider, including the network protocol, network topology, network elements and end devices. This paper aims at assessing the impact of the operating system and its protocol stack implementation in the end devices on the network temporal behavior. We studied four operating systems, namely a standard Ubuntu distribution with and without a real-time kernel patch, an embedded stripped down version of Linux and QNX Neutrino, and two hardware platforms, namely ordinary PCs and a single board computer based on an AVR32 CPU. We measured the Round Trip Delay (RTD) using RAW, UDP and TCP sockets to interface the protocol stack. We verified that on high computing power platforms the difference between the sockets is small but still significant in resource-constrained platforms. On the other hand, full featured general OSs present rather large worst-case delays. These can be reduced using real-time patches for those OSs, RTOSs, or even removing unnecessary modules, services and particularly, data intensive device drivers. We believe this study can be helpful for system designers as well as for teaching networks courses in embedded systems.Ethernet is currently the most widely used networking technology, spanning across many application domains including embedded systems. In this particular case, Ethernet is even used in many time-critical applications in which the delay induced by communication must be short and bounded. It is thus very important to understand the entire transmission process and assess its temporal behavior. There are a number of aspects to consider, including the network protocol, network topology, network elements and end devices. This paper aims at assessing the impact of the operating system and its protocol stack implementation in the end devices on the network temporal behavior. We studied four operating systems, namely a standard Ubuntu distribution with and without a real-time kernel patch, an embedded stripped down version of Linux and QNX Neutrino, and two hardware platforms, namely ordinary PCs and a single board computer based on an AVR32 CPU. We measured the Round Trip Delay (RTD) using RAW, UDP and TCP sockets to interface the protocol stack. We verified that on high computing power platforms the difference between the sockets is small but still significant in resource-constrained platforms. On the other hand, full featured general OSs present rather large worst-case delays. These can be reduced using real-time patches for those OSs, RTOSs, or even removing unnecessary modules, services and particularly, data intensive device drivers. We believe this study can be helpful for system designers as well as for teaching networks courses in embedded systems

A stochastic modelling of the dynamical behaviour of highway bridge decks under traffic loads

In this paper an analysis methodology is developed to evaluate the dynamic response on highway bridge decks due to vehicles crossing on the rough pavement surfaces. The analysis methodology follows a statistical model running in the time domain. The mathematical model simulates the bridge structure and the vehicle series as a system, the vehicle-bridge system. The bridge deck follows a straight beam model made discrete by finite elements and nodal concentrated masses, with vertical translations and in-plane rotations as degrees of freedom. The vehicle simulation uses concentrated parameters of mass, stiffness and damping. Four different types of vehicles are modelled as rigid masses connected by springs and dampers with one, two, four or five degrees of freedom. According to each vehicle model, translational and rotational displacements are considered. The deck surface roughness is defined by a weakly stationary, second order and ergodic random process based on a well-known power spectrum density of road pavement profiles. The moving load is modelled by an infinite series of equal vehicles, regularly spaced, and running at constant velocity. Only steady-state response is considered. Response data are produced on reinforced concrete highway bridge decks made of a straight box girder cross section based on several spans and support arrangements. Conclusions are concerned with the fitness of the developed analysis methodology and the mathematical model adequacy. The influence of the vehicle type on the highway bridge decks dynamic behaviour was observed. The magnitude of the effects due to the interaction of the vehicles with an irregular pavement surface and their consequences about design and maintenance are investigated.Peer Reviewe

Acoustic evaluation of beam and pot slabs with lightweight regularization layers: a case study

The objective of this work is to evaluate the acoustic performance of beam and pot slabs with regularization layers made of lightweight concrete. The study consists on the analysis of the acoustic behaviour of three types of solutions, through the execution of "in situ" measurements for the determination of the airborne sound insulation index and of the impact sound insulation index. The studied elements have the same support element (concrete slab), but regularization layers made of different materials. The regularization layers studied were: concrete with granulated expanded polystyrene, concrete with expanded clay aggregates and cellular concrete. The acoustic performance of the three slabs is evaluated and compared with the performance of conventional solutions in way of evaluating their potentialities

Global analytic hypoellipticity for a class of evolution operators on T1×S3\mathbb{T}^1\times\mathbb{S}^3

In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions to have global analytic hypoellipticity for a class of first-order operators defined on $\mathbb{T}^1 \times \mathbb{S}^3$. In the case of real-valued coefficients, we prove that an operator in this class is conjugated to a constant-coefficient operator satisfying a Diophantine condition, and that such conjugation preserves the global analytic hypoellipticity. In the case where the imaginary part of the coefficients is non-zero, we show that the operator is globally analytic hypoelliptic if the Nirenberg-Treves condition ($\mathcal{P}$) holds, in addition to a Diophantine condition.Comment: 24 page

Recolha robotizada de rolhas

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrónica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 201

Propofol-racemic ketamine or propofol-levogire ketamine in dogs : effects on electrocardiography and other physiological parameters

Estudaram-se os efeitos da infusão contínua da associação propofol e cetamina sobre variáveis fisiológicas e eletrocardiográficas e sua possível analgesia em 12 cadelas. Após indução com propofol, os animais receberam 0,4mg/kg/min de propofol + 0,2mg/kg/min de cetamina racêmica (n = 6, grupo PC) ou 0,4mg/kg/min de propofol + 0,1mg/kg/min de cetamina S+ (n = 6, grupo PCS). Avaliaram-se: teste álgico, freqüência cardíaca (FC), parâmetros eletrocardiográficos, freqüência respiratória (FR), pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica (PAS, PAM, PAD), saturação da oxiemoglobina (SpO2) e temperatura retal (TR). Houve elevação da FC sem alterações eletrocardiográficas, com exceção de aumento na amplitude da onda T em um animal de cada grupo. A FR diminuiu, e os valores de SpO2 ficaram abaixo de 90% em alguns momentos nos dois grupos. PAS, PAM e PAD diminuíram, mas não houve diferença entre os protocolos. Não se observou analgesia em sete animais, três cadelas apresentaram analgesia discreta, e apenas duas demonstraram analgesia favorável. Conclui-se que os protocolos são seguros em cadelas, contudo não há analgesia suficiente para procedimento cirúrgico. As alterações eletrocardiográficas foram relacionadas à FC e à amplitude de onda T, sendo esta sugestiva de hipóxia do miocárdio.The effects of propofol and ketamine on physiological parameters, electrocardiography, and analgesia were evaluated in twelve dogs that received propofol-ketamine (0.4mg/kg/min + 0.2mg/kg/min, n=6, PK group) or propofol-S+ketamine (0.4mg/kg/min + 0.1mg/kg/min, n=6, PKS group) after induction of anesthesia with propofol (8.0mg/kg). Assessments of pain; heart rate (HR); electrocardiography (ECG); respiratory rate (RR); systolic, medium, and diastolic arterial pressures (SAP, MAP, DAP); saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2); and rectal temperature (RT) were conducted. There was a rise in HR with no electrocardiographically changes, but an increase in amplitude of T wave in one animal of each group. RR decreased and SpO2 were lower than 90% in two moments of both groups. SAP, MAP, and DAP were reduced during the experimental period, but with no statistical difference between the protocols. There was no analgesia in seven bitches, mild analgesia was observed in three, and satisfactory analgesia in only two animals tested. It was concluded that the protocols are safe for dogs, but there is no analgesia for surgical procedures. The changes in ECG are related to HR and amplitude of T wave, which may be due to myocardial hypoxia

Gestão democrática das cidades e instituições participativas: tendências no contexto brasileiro recente

No ambiente brasileiro recente, foi observado a produção de inovações institucionais na esfera local, em especial a criação de canais institucionalizados de participação e democratização da relação entre Estado e sociedade. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um panorama das instituições participativas voltadas para o planejamento e gestão das cidades, analisando suas principais características e suas novas referências legais. Efetuou-se uma revisão de literatura pertinente ao tema e recorreu-se a dados secundários do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística (IBGE). O trabalho explora a noção de participação cidadã e as suas dimensões, ao lado da discussão relativa às instituições participativas e detém-se na análise dos conselhos de política urbana e dos processos participativos nos planos diretores. Finalmente, tecem-se algumas considerações sobre os potenciais de democratização das relações entre Estado e sociedade no campo das políticas urbanas

Life cycle assessment of solar thermal systems

The better understanding of cost-benefit, economic and environmental performances of solar thermal systems (STSs) is crucial for designers to be able to take a conscious and weighted decision about the installation of these systems. Therefore the goal of this research was to create a methodology for designers to support decision-making in the selection of the most adequate STS for a project and as result to contribute to a more sustainable built environment. This methodology allows the calculation of the potential environmental impacts, such as the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, ozone depletion, embodied energy, amongst others, together with the life-cycle costs resulting from the implementation of STSs in buildings. The system boundary includes the production of the various parts of the solar thermal system, such as the solar collector and the hot water tank, the assembly process, the maintenance stage, the auxiliary energy consumption and the end of life of this system. In the economic analysis, both initial and maintenance costs are considered together with the cost of the auxiliary energy. At the end, it is possible to quantify carbon, energy and cost payback periods. One practical application of the methodology will be carried out in the end of this work, aiming the comparison between four different STSs to be applied in a case study. The case study showed that both the energy and environmental payback times of a STS are less than 3 years and the life cycle cost payback period vary from 7 to 13 years