ANÁLISE DOS FATORES CONDICIONANTES DOS RESULTADOS DA REFORMA AGRÁRIA NO BRASIL

Several economic models were fitted in this work referring to income determination of families seated in projects of Cédula da Terra Program. The estimates are obtained from a two-stage cluster sample and the models were fitted considering demographic, social and economic variables and referring to sub-samples of federation units and strata of projects size. The main conclusions reaffirm that the program beneficiaries' income is multi-determined for a wide set of factors, between which have relevance the education (in spite of being low), the work effort, the work opportunities out of the lot, the area of the lot and the level of social organization of the producers. Through the fittings of the models for each federation unit were verified the occurrences of specific factors, each being confronted with the researchers' direct observation. The results also indicate that the projects of medium number of families (20 to 38 families) are the ones that possess more potential use of its collective organization capacities in the associative work.

Análise temporal e dinâmica espacial da atividade aquícola no estado de São Paulo.

RESUMO: O estado de São Paulo apresenta-se como importante polo de aquicultura no Brasil. Com números de produção ascendentes e promissores, o estado ocupa o segundo lugar no ranking nacional e consolida essa atividade na economia paulista. Visando evidenciar a evolução da produção e a dinâmica do setor aquícola na agropecuária paulista e expor os municípios responsáveis por ela, este trabalho teve como objetivo reunir e organizar os números de produção do estado, espacializar os dados em mapas temáticos e analisar a distribuição espacial da atividade aquícola no território paulista, considerando os municípios que concentraram, juntos, mais de 75% de toda a produção do estado, no período de 2016 a 2020. As regiões pioneiras da aquicultura no estado estão inseridas em um contexto histórico de desenvolvimento da atividade junto a três grandes rios ? Rio Grande, Paraná e Tietê ?, onde foram implantados projetos hidrelétricos. Os resultados apontam como destaque a região noroeste do estado, especialmente as microrregiões de Andradina e Jales, margeando esses rios, que contêm alguns dos municípios protagonistas do setor (Santa Fé do Sul, Santa Clara d'Oeste, Sud Mennucci, Rubinéia e Ilha Solteira), com números elevados de produção e notado crescimento. Em geral, a produção aquícola paulista demonstra certa estabilidade no que se refere aos principais municípios produtores. Em 2016, eram 14 municípios responsáveis por 75% de toda a produção do estado; em 2020, esse mesmo percentual foi alcançado pela produção total de 12 municípios.Evento online. CIIC 2022. Nº 22507

A desigualdade pode afetar a eficiência do sistema financeiro? um modelo de equilíbrio em dois períodos com fricções na intermediação financeira

This study presents an equilibrium model that shows a channel through which wealth inequality may affect the financial system development. In the presence frictions, namely, a limit to the proportion of debt in projects financed by banks and a minimum size of projects available in the economy, we show that inequality may negatively affect the volume of resources intermediated by the financial system and, hence, its efficiency, given the assumed gains of scale. Simulations under several parameterizations reveal a non-linear, non-monotonic relation between inequality and financial system efficiency, as measured by the spread between borrowing and lending.Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de equilíbrio que mostra um canal através do qual a desigualdade na distribuição de riqueza pode afetar o desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro. Na presença de fricções, nominalmente: um limite à proporção de dívida nos p6911751sem informaçãosem informaçãoAghion, P., Bolton, P., A theory of trickle-down growth and development (1997) The Review of Economic Studies, 67 (219), pp. 151-172Aghion, P., Howitt, P.W., (1998) Endogenous growth theory, , Cambridge, MA: MIT PressBeck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Levine, R., SMEs, growth, and poverty: Cross-country evidence (2005) Journal of Economic Growth, 10 (3), pp. 199-229Diamond, D.W., Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring (1984) Review of Economic Studies, pp. 393-414Diamond, D.W., Dybvig, P.H., Bank runs, deposit insurance, and liquidity (1983) Journal of Political Economy, 91 (3), pp. 401-419. , JunLi, H., Squire, L., Zou, H.-F., Explaining international and intertemporal variations in income inequality (1998) The Economic Journal, 108 (446), pp. 26-43(2009) Human Development Report 2009, , http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/269/hdr_2009_en_complete.pdf, New York: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Disponível em(2013) Inequality matters: Report of the world social situation 2013, , http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/reports/InequalityMatters.pdf, New York: United Nations / Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Disponível emThis study presents an equilibrium model that shows a channel through which wealth inequality may affect the financial system development. In the presence frictions, namely, a limit to the proportion of debt in projects financed by banks and a minimum si

SKPDB: a structural database of shikimate pathway enzymes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The functional and <b>s</b>tructural characterisation of enzymes that belong to microbial metabolic pathways is very important for structure-based drug design. The main interest in studying shikimate pathway enzymes involves the fact that they are essential for bacteria but do not occur in humans, making them selective targets for design of drugs that do not directly impact humans.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>The ShiKimate Pathway DataBase (SKPDB) is a relational database applied to the study of shikimate pathway enzymes in microorganisms and plants. The current database is updated regularly with the addition of new data; there are currently 8902 enzymes of the shikimate pathway from different sources. The database contains extensive information on each enzyme, including detailed descriptions about sequence, references, and structural and functional studies. All files (primary sequence, atomic coordinates and quality scores) are available for downloading. The modeled structures can be viewed using the Jmol program.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The SKPDB provides a large number of structural models to be used in docking simulations, virtual screening initiatives and drug design. It is freely accessible at <url>http://lsbzix.rc.unesp.br/skpdb/</url>.</p

Transcriptome analysis of highly purified mouse spermatogenic cell populations: gene expression signatures switch from meiotic-to postmeiotic-related processes at pachytene stage

Top five canonical pathways and molecular and cellular functions from pairwise comparisons of the four cell populations in chronological order (LZ relative to 2C; PS relative to LZ; RS relative to PS). (XLSX 10 kb

Root Decomposition of Elephant Grass Pastures Grazed at Different Management Intensities

Grazing management may alter chemical composition of plant components affecting nutrient cycling. Among pasture management tools, adjustment of stocking rate (SR) and N fertilization have potential to affect nutrient cycling in the grassland ecosystem (Dubeux et al. 2007). Excreta from grazing animal and litter are the two major pathways of nutrient return on grazed pastures (Thomas 1992). Fertilization and SR may alter these pathways by different forms. Increasing fertilization generally increases pasture net primary productivity. Stocking rate affects different pasture and animal responses. Regarding nutrient cycling, increasing SR will likely increase proportion of nutrient returned through excreta as opposed to litter, increasing as a result nutrient losses (Dubeux et al. 2006). Root system may also be affected by management intensity. Frequent defoliation and low plant nutrition level may reduce root biomass (Richards 1993) and affect its decomposition. This study evaluated the effect of different SR´s and N fertilization levels on the decomposition of elephant grass roots

Subtelomeric I-scel-mediated double-strand breaks are repaired by homologous recombination in trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma cruzi chromosome ends are enriched in surface protein genes and pseudogenes (e.g., trans-sialidases) surrounded by repetitive sequences. It has been proposed that the extensive sequence variability among members of these protein families could play a role in parasite infectivity and evasion of host immune response. In previous reports we showed evidence suggesting that sequences located in these regions are subjected to recombination. To support this hypothesis we introduced a double-strand break (DSB) at a specific target site in a I cruzi subtelomeric region cloned into an artificial chromosome (pTAC). This construct was used to transfect T. cruzi epimastigotes expressing the I-Scel meganuclease. Examination of the repaired sequences showed that DNA repair occurred only through homologous recombination (HR) with endogenous subtelomeric sequences. Our findings suggest that DSBs in subtelomeric repetitive sequences followed by HR between them may contribute to increased variability in T. cruzi multigene families7CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP306591/2015-411/51693-0; 11/51475-

Development of core-sheath phase change fibres incorporated with PEG2000 for thermoregulation applications

The resilience of urban infrastructures in the face of climate challenges has become a public concern, with direct impacts on the well-being of citizens due to frequent environmental, economic and social influences. Asphalt pavements, widely present in urban centres, contribute negatively to the Urban Heat Islands (UHI) effect, which is responsible for slowly absorbing and releasing heat due to their dark surfaces. The incorporation of phase change materials (PCM) into these asphalt mixtures, as highlighted in the literature, has emerged as an effective solution to improve thermoregulation with the aim of mitigating problems associated with UHI. This topic is directly related to the objectives SDG9, SDG11, and SDG12 of the United Nations (UN), associated with resilient and sustainable cities, and represents a considerable challenge that must be addressed. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the ideal composition of PCFs comprising a cellulose acetate sheath (CA, Mn 30,000 and 50,000) and a polyethene glycol (PEG) 2000 core as PCM, produced by the wet spinning method. The presence and influence of PEG 2000 inside PCFs were investigated morphologically, chemically and thermally using bright-field microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Using a bright-field microscope, it was possible to observe the difference between the sheath and the core of the PCFs and revealed that the morphologies of the PCFs depend on the ejection speed of PEG 2000. TGA confirmed the capability of PCFs to resist high temperatures. DSC confirmed the phase change of PEG 2000, as its peaks with melting points were close to those of virgin PEG 2000, with a slight change caused by the protective CA sheath. Therefore, the results revealed a successful Production of PCFs through wet spinning confirming the compatibility of the phase change temperature of PEG 2000 with the application to infrastructures subjected to moderate temperature between 50-60 °C.This research was partially funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the projects MicroCoolPav EXPL/EQU EQU/1110/2021, NanoAir PTDC/FISMAC/6606/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/PTDC/FIS-MAC/6606/2020) and within the framework of Strategic Funding UIDB/04650/2020, UIDB/04029/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/04029/2020) and UID/QUI/0686/2020. Iran Rocha Segundo and Helena Prado Felgueiras thank FCT for funding 2022.00763.CEECIND (DOI: 10.54499/2022.00763.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0006) and 2021.02720.CEECIND (DOI: 10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1377/CT0098)