Poder E Direito Em Foucault: Relendo Vigiar E Punir 40 Anos Depois

This article deals with Foucault's conception of power and its relation to law, as it appears especially in his book Discipline and Punish, first published in 1975. That book is the main source of this article, though I rely also on a number of Foucault's texts. After a detailed presentation of his analysis of power as well as the relation between power and law in his works, I conclude by emphasizing his important contributions to our understanding of modern societies. But I also advance some critical comments regarding both his diagnosis of modern society as an almost total pathology and the lack of a normative dimension in his theoretical perspective.19713917

Novos Isolados De Trichoderma Antagônicos A Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

Forty-nine isolates of Trichoderma from the Brazilian Midwest were evaluated for their antagonistic activity in vitro against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (causal agent of white mold), which were then identified based on their nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. Paired culture tests showed that all isolates exhibited some antagonism, with a maximum of 77% mycelial inhibition and complete inhibition of sclerotia production. Two isolates were found to be the most promising biocontrol agents, considering both antagonistic parameters (CEN1253 - T. koningiopsis and CEN1265 - T. brevicompactum). Five different species were identified: T. harzianum (23), T. spirale (9), T. koningiopsis (8), T. brevicompactum (7) and T. asperellum (2). These isolates are stored in the Embrapa Fungi Collection for Biological Control and the information obtained in the experiments will be incorporated into the database of biological assets within the genetic resources information system (Allele) and be made available for further studies. © 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved.16

Conhecendo o IAF do cafeeiro arábica através do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar a série temporal do Índice de Área Foliar (IAF) estimado pelo método proposto por Barbosa et al. (2012) ao índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) adequando um modelo de determinação do IAF através de dados de NDVI coletados em um cafezal na região de Lavras, sul de Minas Gerais. Para isso foi realizado o estudo em cafezal no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) no período de fevereiro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 onde trinta plantas de Coffea arabica L, cv Catuaí IAC 144 foram avaliadas mensalmente com medições de altura do ramo ortotrópico e comprimento de plagiotrópicos em 5 posições na copa para estimativa do IAF, enquanto as avaliações de NDVI foram realizadas semanalmente em três posições distintas da planta. Dados mensais de precipitação (mm- Prec) e temperatura média do ar (°C- Tm) também foram coletados. Os valores de cada variável foram submetidos à análise de correlação (r). A série temporal demonstra que o IAF varia em função da temperatura e precipitação. O modelo de regressão exponencial foi o mais adequado para determinar os valores de IAF em função do NDVI. As correlações do IAF com o NDVI variam em função da posição da medida de NDVI da planta. A série temporal do IAF é uma variável útil nas práticas de manejo, enquanto NDVI pode ser utilizado para determinar o IAF em plantas de café

Urinary Metabolic Phenotyping Reveals Differences in the Metabolic Status of Healthy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Children in Relation to Growth and Disease Activity.

Growth failure and delayed puberty are well known features of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in addition to the chronic course of the disease. Urinary metabonomics was applied in order to better understand metabolic changes between healthy and IBD children. 21 Pediatric patients with IBD (mean age 14.8 years, 8 males) were enrolled from the Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic over two years. Clinical and biological data were collected at baseline, 6, and 12 months. 27 healthy children (mean age 12.9 years, 16 males) were assessed at baseline. Urine samples were collected at each visit and subjected to ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Using ¹H NMR metabonomics, we determined that urine metabolic profiles of IBD children differ significantly from healthy controls. Metabolic differences include central energy metabolism, amino acid, and gut microbial metabolic pathways. The analysis described that combined urinary urea and phenylacetylglutamine-two readouts of nitrogen metabolism-may be relevant to monitor metabolic status in the course of disease. Non-invasive sampling of urine followed by metabonomic profiling can elucidate and monitor the metabolic status of children in relation to disease status. Further developments of omic-approaches in pediatric research might deliver novel nutritional and metabolic hypotheses

Anomalous persistent photoconductivity in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films and solar cells

A persistent photoconductivity effect (PPC) has been investigated in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films and solar cells as a function of temperature. An anomalous increase of the PPC decay time with temperature was observed in all samples. The PPC decay time activation energy was found to increase when temperature rises above a crossover value, and also to grow with the increase of the sulfurization temperature and pressure. Both the anomalous behavior of the PPC decay time and the existence of two different activation energies are explained in terms of local potential fluctuations in the band edges of CZTS

Uso do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) na avaliação do desenvolvimento de cafeeiros do Sul de Minas Gerais

O objetivo deste trabalho foi de observar o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) em cafezais de Lavras, sul de Minas Gerais ao longo do tempo para utilização desta variável como ferramenta no manejo das lavouras. Foi realizado o estudo em cafezal no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) no período de fevereiro de 2014 a março de 2015. Trinta plantas de Coffea arabica L, cv Catuaí IAC 144 com 6 anos de idade foram avaliadas semanalmente o NDVI em três posições e conteúdo de clorofila total em 4 posições. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de série temporal e cada variável foram submetidos à análise de correlação de Person (r). Os resultados indicam que Nas plantas de café valores de NDVI variaram em função da posição da planta e da época da medida, enquanto para NDVI e conteúdo de clorofila total foi observada uma correlação negativa. Contudo, a série temporal do NDVI é uma ferramenta útil no manejo de cafezais no sul de Minas Gerais

Phytoestrogen agathisflavone ameliorates neuroinflammation-induced by LPS and IL-1β and protects neurons in cocultures of glia/neurons

Inflammation and oxidative stress are common aspects of most neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system. In this context, microglia and astrocytes are central to mediating the balance between neuroprotective and neurodestructive mechanisms. Flavonoids have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, we have examined the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential of the flavonoid agathisflavone (FAB), which is derived from the Brazilian plant Poincianella pyramidalis, in in vitro models of neuroinflammation. Cocultures of neurons/glial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) or interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/mL) for 24 h and treated with FAB (0.1 and 1 µM, 24 h). FAB displayed a significant neuroprotective effect, as measured by nitric oxide (NO) production, Fluoro-Jade B (FJ-B) staining, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) for the neuronal marker β-tubulin and the cell death marker caspase-3, preserving neuronal soma and increasing neurite outgrowth. FAB significantly decreased the LPS-induced microglial proliferation, identified by ICC for Iba-1/bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and CD68 (microglia M1 profile marker). In contrast, FAB had no apparent effect on astrocytes, as determined by ICC for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Furthermore, FAB protected against the cytodestructive and proinflammatory effects of IL-1β, a key cytokine that is released by activated microglia and astrocytes, and ICC showed that combined treatment of FAB with α and β estrogen receptor antagonists did not affect NF-κB expression. In addition, qPCR analysis demonstrated that FAB decreased the expression of proinflammatory molecules TNF-α, IL-1β, and connexins CCL5 and CCL2, as well as increased the expression of the regulatory molecule IL-10. Together, these findings indicate that FAB has a significant neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect in vitro, which may be considered as an adjuvant for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Video-game epilepsy: a European study.

Epilepsia. 1999;40 Suppl 4:70-4. Video-game epilepsy: a European study. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité DG, da Silva AM, Ricci S, Binnie CD, Rubboli G, Tassinari CA, Segers JP. Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands. [email protected] Abstract With the introduction of Nintendo video-games on a large scale, reports of children having seizures while playing suggested a possible specific, provocative factor. Although 50% of the photosensitive patients are also sensitive to a 50-Hz television, nonphotosensitive patients with a history of video-game seizures were described as well. The question arises whether this is a mere coincidence, provoked by fatigue and stress, is related to the reaction to the television screen itself, or depends on the movement and color of the pictures of this specific game. A European study was performed in four countries and five sites. All patients were selected because of a history of television, video- or computer-game seizures, with a history of sun-light-, discotheque-, or black and white pattern-evoked seizures, or were already known to be sensitive to intermittent photic stimulation. A total of 387 patients were investigated; 220 (75%) were female and 214 (55%) of those were < 18 years of age. After a routine examination, intermittent photic, pattern, and television stimulation were performed in a standardized way. The patients were investigated with Super Mario World and a standard relatively nonprovocative TV program, both on a 50- and 100-Hz television. Regardless of the distance, Super Mario World proved to be more provocative than the standard program (Wilcoxon, p < 0.05). Eighty-five percent showed epileptiform discharges evoked by intermittent photic stimulation. Forty-five percent of patients were 50-Hz television sensitive and 26% were 100-Hz television sensitive. Pattern sensitivity was found in 28% of patients. The patients, referred because of a television, video- or computer-game seizure, were significantly more sensitive to pattern and to the 50-Hz television (chi square, p < 0.001). More patients are sensitive when playing Super Mario, compared with the standard program (Wilcoxon, p = 0.001) and more sensitive with playing versus viewing (p = 0.016). Of the patients who were referred because of seizures in front of the television, or evoked by a video- or computer game, 14% proved not to be photosensitive. Although no difference in age or use of medication was found, twice as many men were found in this nonphotosensitive group. PMID: 10487177 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE