CRESCIMENTO DOS MESTRADOS PROFISSIONAIS NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA (UFSC)

O Mestrado Profissional é uma modalidade de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu voltada para a capacitação de profissionais, mediante o estudo de técnicas, processos, ou temáticas que atendam a alguma demanda do mercado de trabalho. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o crescimento dos Mestrados Profissionais na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Investiga os Mestrados Profissionais no Brasil desde a publicação do Parecer n° 977/65, do Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE). Utiliza como procedimentos metodológicos: pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e elementos de estudo de caso. Os resultados apresentam que o número de cursos de Mestrados Profissionais na UFSC aumentou consideravelmente a partir de 2009 e representam hoje 24% do total de cursos de mestrado da instituição, contando com 515 alunos regularmente matriculados no último ano. Por fim, é possível concluir que este aumento ocorreu após a caracterização do Mestrado Profissional, a partir da publicação da Portaria Normativa MEC Nº 17, de 28 de dezembro de 2009 e que o número de alunos matriculados nos cursos de Mestrado Profissional na UFSC mais que dobrou nos últimos cinco anos

Produtividade de híbridos de milho em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com pinhão manso

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of maize cultivars fitotécnico crop system in monocrop and intercropped with jatropha. The experiment was conducted in 2009/2010 harvest, at Fazenda Paraiso, located in the District of Itahum, City of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul in soil classified as Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 3x2, three maize cultivars and two cropping systems (monocrop and intercropped), with four replications. The interaction between maize varieties and cropping system, the total dry mass and productivity for the three cultivars cropping system had the highest averages, indicating the great competition for factors of production offered by jatropha at this time of year. The BRS 1010 highlighted in productivity compared to the other cultivars in both systems. In terms of yield, not recommended if intercropping maize with jatropha over three years old and planted at a spacing of 3x2 m, during spring / summer.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho fitotécnico de cultivares de milho-safra em sistema de cultivo solteiro e consorciado com pinhão-manso. O experimento foi realizado, na safra 2009/2010, na Fazenda Paraiso, localizada no Distrito de Itahum, Município de Dourados, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, em solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo três cultivares de milho e dois sistemas de cultivo (solteiro e consórcio), com quatro repetições. Na interação entre cultivares de milho e sistema de cultivo, a massa seca total e a produtividade, para as três cultivares o sistema de cultivo solteiro apresentou as maiores médias, evidenciando a grande competição pelos fatores de produção oferecida pelo pinhão-manso nesta época do ano. A BRS 1010 destacou-se em produtividade quando comparada às demais cultivares em ambos os sistemas. Em se tratando de produtividade de grãos, não recomenda-se o consórcio de milho com pinhão-manso com mais de três anos de idade e plantado no espaçamento de 3x2 m, no período de primavera/ verão

Decreasing CO2 emissions by biofuels production from palm oil in the Brazilian Amazon

O estudo pretende estimar a redução de CO2 proporcionada pela produção de biocombustíveis a partir do óleo de dendê nas áreas aptas ao cultivo, segundo o ZAE-Dendê da Amazônia Brasileira. Essas estimativas, ainda escassas na literatura, são parte das diretrizes governamentais frente às mudanças climáticas. Tais diretrizes envolvem a mensuração de dois reservatórios de carbono potenciais: i) a fixação de CO2 atmosférico proveniente do acúmulo na biomassa nos plantios; e ii) a redução de emissões de CO2 oriundas da substituição de combustíveis fósseis por biocombustíveis (menos poluentes), gerados a partir de óleo de dendê. Os resultados demonstram que, ao longo do período de cultivo, 151,85 Mg.CO2eq.ha-1 podem ser estocados na biomassa acima do solo. Em um cenário de aproveitamento potencial para a produção de óleo de palma de 35 milhões de hectares de áreas desmatadas da Amazônia brasileira, 5,3 bilhões Mg.CO2eq poderiam ser absorvidas com o plantio. Entretanto, aproximadamente 90% do CO2 absorvido retorna à atmosfera durante o processo de produção, devido à baixa tecnologia aplicada, tornando imprescindível o reaproveitamento dos resíduos da produção para aumentar a eficiência da redução de CO2.The study aims to estimate the reduction of CO2 provided by the production of biofuels from palm oil in suitable areas, according to the “land use plan-Palm Oil” of the Brazilian Amazon. These estimates, still lacking in the literature, are part of the government guidelines to climate change. Such guidelines involve the measurement of two potential carbon pools: i) the fixation of atmospheric CO2 from the accumulation of biomass through croplands and; ii) the reduction of CO2 emissions arising from the replacement of fossil fuels by biofuels (less polluting), generated from palm oil. The results show that over the cultivation period, 151.85 Mg.CO2eq.ha-1 can be stocked in above-ground biomass. In 35 million hectares scenario of potential use for the production of palm oil in deforested areas of Brazilian Amazon 5.3 billion Mg.CO2eq could be absorbed with the plantation. However, approximately 90% of the CO2 absorbed returns to the atmosphere during the production process due to low technology applied, making essential the reuse of waste production to increase the efficiency of CO2 reduction

No-match ORESTES explored as tumor markers

Sequencing technologies and new bioinformatics tools have led to the complete sequencing of various genomes. However, information regarding the human transcriptome and its annotation is yet to be completed. The Human Cancer Genome Project, using ORESTES (open reading frame EST sequences) methodology, contributed to this objective by generating data from about 1.2 million expressed sequence tags. Approximately 30% of these sequences did not align to ESTs in the public databases and were considered no-match ORESTES. On the basis that a set of these ESTs could represent new transcripts, we constructed a cDNA microarray. This platform was used to hybridize against 12 different normal or tumor tissues. We identified 3421 transcribed regions not associated with annotated transcripts, representing 83.3% of the platform. The total number of differentially expressed sequences was 1007. Also, 28% of analyzed sequences could represent noncoding RNAs. Our data reinforces the knowledge of the human genome being pervasively transcribed, and point out molecular marker candidates for different cancers. To reinforce our data, we confirmed, by real-time PCR, the differential expression of three out of eight potentially tumor markers in prostate tissues. Lists of 1007 differentially expressed sequences, and the 291 potentially noncoding tumor markers were provided

No-match ORESTES explored as tumor markers

Sequencing technologies and new bioinformatics tools have led to the complete sequencing of various genomes. However, information regarding the human transcriptome and its annotation is yet to be completed. The Human Cancer Genome Project, using ORESTES (open reading frame EST sequences) methodology, contributed to this objective by generating data from about 1.2 million expressed sequence tags. Approximately 30% of these sequences did not align to ESTs in the public databases and were considered no-match ORESTES. On the basis that a set of these ESTs could represent new transcripts, we constructed a cDNA microarray. This platform was used to hybridize against 12 different normal or tumor tissues. We identified 3421 transcribed regions not associated with annotated transcripts, representing 83.3% of the platform. The total number of differentially expressed sequences was 1007. Also, 28% of analyzed sequences could represent noncoding RNAs. Our data reinforces the knowledge of the human genome being pervasively transcribed, and point out molecular marker candidates for different cancers. To reinforce our data, we confirmed, by real-time PCR, the differential expression of three out of eight potentially tumor markers in prostate tissues. Lists of 1007 differentially expressed sequences, and the 291 potentially noncoding tumor markers were provided

Effects of n-3 fatty acids and exercise on oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetic : a randomized clinical trial

Background: The relationship between diabetes and oxidative stress has been previously reported. Exercise represents a useful non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients, but high intensity exercise can induce a transient inflammatory state and increase oxidative stress. Nutritional strategies that may contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress induced by acute exercise are necessary. The aim of this study was to examine if n-3 PUFA supplementation intervention can attenuate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress associated with high intensity exercise in this population. As a primary outcome, lipoperoxidation measurements (TBARS and F2-isoprostanes) were selected. Methods: Thirty T2DM patients, without chronic complications, were randomly allocated into two groups: placebo (gelatin capsules) or n-3 PUFA (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid). Blood samples were collected fasting before and after 8 weeks supplementation. In the beginning and at the end of protocol, an acute exercise was performed (treadmill), and new blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise for measurements of oxidative stress and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Results: After the supplementation period, a decrease in triglycerides levels was observed only in n-3 PUFA supplementation group (mean difference and 95% CI of 0.002 (0.000–0.004), p = 0.005). Supplementation also significantly reduced TRAP levels after exercise (mean difference and 95% CI to 9641 (− 20,068–39,351) for − 33,884 (− 56,976 - -10,793), p = 0.004, Cohen’s d effect size = 1.12), but no significant difference was observed in n-3 PUFA supplementation group in lipoperoxidation parameters as TBARS (mean difference and 95% CI to − 3.8 (− 10–2.4) for − 2.9 (− 1.6–7.4) or F2-isoprostanes (mean difference and 95% CI -0.05 (− 0.19–0.10) for − 0.02 (− 0.19–0.16), p > 0.05 for both. Conclusion: PUFA n-3 supplementation reduced triglycerides as well as TRAP levels after exercise, without a significant effect on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the registration number of NCT03182712

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson’s regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations

Desempenho de vacas mestiças em função de suplementação energética e proteica em dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar

Erro no DOI, por isso foi disponibilizado o link de acesso.Avaliaram-se níveis de concentrados energéticos e proteicos em seis vacas Holandês x Zebu com peso corporal (PC) médio de 450 ± 10 kg, de primeira lactação, 60 dias pós-parto e 10,0 kg de leite/dia, em dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp) corrigida com 0,3% de ureia:sulfato de amônia 9:1 na seca. Seis vacas foram distribuídas em um quadrado latino 6x6, em seis períodos de 10 dias, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos em fatorial 2x3 (0,8 e 1,6 kg de fubá de milho – FM/vaca/dia; e 0,0; 1,2 e 2,4 kg de farelo de soja – FS/vaca/dia). Com o aumento dos níveis de FM foi observado aumento no consumo de massa seca (MS), massa orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos não fibrosos corrigidos para cinzas e proteína (CNFcp) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), sem efeito sobre o consumo de volumoso e fibra em detergente neutro (FDNcp). O FM aumentou ainda os coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, MO, EE e NDT, não alterou a produção e composição do leite e o PC e variação de PC. Com o aumento dos níveis de FS foi observado aumento no consumo de MS e de todos os constituintes, na maioria das vezes de forma quadrática, com exceção do consumo de volumoso, que permaneceu inalterado. O FS aumentou ainda os coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, MO, PB e CNFcp, aumentou a produção diária de leite e a produção diária e teor de seus constituintes, com exceção do teor de gordura, extrato seco total e contagem de células somáticas, e não alterou o PC e variação de PC. Houve interação entre FM e FS para consumos de CNFcp e de NDT em kg/dia e g/kg de PC, em que não houve benefício do FM nos níveis mais elevados de FS. O FS estimulou a digestibilidade da FDNcp somente no nível mais baixo de FM e aumentou o teor de proteína no leite no nível mais alto de FM. Concluindo, a adição de FM e FS nos níveis utilizados aumentam os consumos das frações nutricionais e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, 1,2 kg de FS aumentam a produção de leite e o aumento de FM e FS diminuem a eficiência no uso de concentrado.It was evaluated levels of energy and protein concentrates sources on six Holstein x Zebu cows with mean BW of 450 ± 10 kg, first lactation, 60 days post-partum and 10 kg/day of milk, in diets based on sugarcane (Saccharum spp) corrected with 0.3% urea ammonia sulfate: 9:1 in dry season. Six cows were distributed in a 6x6 Latin square, in six periods of 10 days, being distributed in 2x3 factorial treatments (0.8 and 1.6 kg of corn meal – CM/cow/day; and 0.0; 1.2 and 2.4 kg of soybean meal – SBM/cow/day). With the increased levels of CM it was observed increase in consumption of dry mass (DM), organic mass (OM), crude protein (CP), Ethereal extract (EE), non-fibrous carbohydrate corrected for ash and protein (NFCap) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), without effect on the consumption of forage and neutral detergent fiber (NDFap). The CM also increased digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, EE and TDN, did not change the production and milk composition and BW and BW variation. The increment in SBM increased consumption of DM and all constituents, most often of quadratic form, with the exception of consumption of forage, which remained unchanged. The SBM also increased digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP and NFCap, increased the daily production of milk and the daily production and content of its constituents, with the exception of fat, total dry extract and somatic cell count, and did not change BW and BW variation. There was interaction between CM and SBM in NFCap consumptions and TDN in kg/day and g/kg BW, in which there was no benefit of CM at the highest levels of SBM. The SBM stimulated the digestibility of NDFap only in the lowest level of CM and increased protein content in milk at the highest level of CM. In conclusion, the addition of CM and SBM in the used levels increase the consumption of nutritional fractions and digestibility of nutrients, 1.2 kg of SBM increase the production of milk and increases in CM and SBM decrease the efficiency in the use of concentrate