Elder prisoners in Brazil: a systematic literature review

A população idosa nas penitenciárias brasileiras constitui fenômeno em ascensão. Estereótipos como “velho frágil e indefeso” permeiam o imaginário social e contribuem para a invisibilidade desse contingente. Esta revisão sistemática da literatura analisou artigos, teses e dissertações a partir da pergunta “O que foi publicado sobre o idoso encarcerado no Brasil nos últimos dez anos?”. Foram consultados periódicos indexados na SciELO, BVS Brasil, LILACS, PePSIC, Google Scholar, Portal de Periódicos CAPES e no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES. Foram selecionados para análise seis artigos e cinco dissertações - cinco estudos teóricos, três pesquisas empíricas e três relatos de experiência - organizados em categorias: a) O Sistema Penitenciário e os idosos encarcerados; b) Saúde da população idosa encarcerada; c) Percepção dos idosos encarcerados sobre o envelhecimento; d) Legislação e Políticas Públicas; e) Crimes cometidos por idosos. Os resultados indicam que o número de idosos cresce dentro e fora das penitenciárias. O idoso na condição de réu vivencia insegurança no âmbito penal, pois não há consenso em relação à idade nos documentos jurídicos. O Estado parece não conseguir garantir a integridade física e mental dessa população (em desacordo com as premissas dispostas no Estatuto do Idoso), dadas as precárias condições do Sistema Prisional.The elder population in Brazilian prisons constitutes a growing phenomenon. Stereotypes such as “frail and helpless elder” permeate the social imaginary and contribute to the invisibility of this contingent. This systematic literature review analyzed articles, theses and dissertations based on the question “What has been published about incarcerated elders in Brazil throughout the last ten years?”. Journals indexed in SciELO, BVS Brazil, LILACS, PePSIC, Google Scholar, CAPES Journal Portal and the CAPES Thesis and Dissertation Bank were consulted. Six articles and five dissertations were selected for analysis - five theoretical studies, three empirical studies and three experience reports - organized into categories: a) Penitentiary System and incarcerated elders; b) Health of incarcerated elder population; c) Perception of incarcerated older people about aging; d) Legislation and Public Policies; e) Crimes committed by elders. The results indicate that the number of elders grows inside and outside penitentiaries. The elder as defendant experiences insecurity in the criminal sphere, as there is no consensus regarding age in judicial documents. The State does not seem to be able to guarantee physical and mental integrity of this population (in disagreement with the premises in the Elders Statute), given precarious conditions of the Prison System

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost