Patterns of antibiotic prescriptions and appropriateness in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain

Objective: To describe the pattern and appropriateness of antibiotics prescribed in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain.Methods: Patients aged more than or equal to 14 years old that attended emergency room and was prescribed antibiotics from 1 to 31 July 2014 were included. Data were obtained from patients’ emergency records. Antibiotic treatment was classified to appropriate, inappropriate or unjustified use according to the local or international guidelines. Chi Square was performed to evaluate the variables associated to appropriateness antibiotic treatment.Results: A total of 1313 patients were included (52.6% males), mostly in the age group 14-30 years old (45.3%). The most frequent diseases attended were upper respiratory and urinary tract infections (27.3% and 22.1%,respectively). Cefuroxime was the most prescribed antibiotic (37.5%) followed by ciprofloxacin (20.8%). Percentage of inappropriate antibiotics prescription was 81.9% mostly due to unjustified use. Inappropriate antibiotic treatment was significantly more common in males (87.1%; P-value <0.001), in patients without mentioned diagnosis, then upper respiratory tract infection (100%, 96.9%. P-value <0.001) and prescriptions written by emergency physicians (85.5%; P- value <0.001).Conclusion: The study concludes that high rate of inappropriate antibiotics use mostly among patients treated by emergency doctors

Musculoskeletal manifestations in children with Behçet's syndrome: data from the AIDA Network Behçet's Syndrome Registry

This study aims to describe musculoskeletal manifestations (MSM) in children with Behçet's syndrome (BS), their association with other disease manifestations, response to therapy, and long-term prognosis. Data were retrieved from the AIDA Network Behçet's Syndrome Registry. Out of a total of 141 patients with juvenile BS, 37 had MSM at disease onset (26.2%). The median age at onset was 10.0 years (IQR 7.7). The median follow-up duration was 21.8 years (IQR 23.3). Recurrent oral (100%) and genital ulcers (67.6%) and pseudofolliculitis (56.8%) were the most common symptoms associated with MSM. At disease onset, 31 subjects had arthritis (83.8%), 33 arthralgia (89.2%), and 14 myalgia (37.8%). Arthritis was monoarticular in 9/31 cases (29%), oligoarticular in 10 (32.3%), polyarticular in 5 (16.1%), axial in 7 (22.6%). Over time, arthritis became chronic-recurrent in 67.7% of cases and 7/31 patients had joint erosions (22.6%). The median Behçet's Syndrome Overall Damage Index was 0 (range 0-4). Colchicine was inefficacious for MSM in 4/14 cases (28.6%), independently from the type of MSM (p = 0.46) or the concomitant therapy (p = 0.30 for cDMARDs, p = 1.00 for glucocorticoids); cDMARDs and bDMARDs were inefficacious for MSM in 6/19 (31.4%) and 5/12 (41.7%) cases. The presence of myalgia was associated with bDMARDs inefficacy (p = 0.014). To conclude, MSM in children with BS are frequently associated with recurrent ulcers and pseudofolliculitis. Arthritis is mostly mono- or oligoarticular, but sacroiliitis is not unusual. Prognosis of this subset of BS is overall favorable, though the presence of myalgia negatively affects response to biologic therapies. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05200715 (registered on December 18, 2021)

Phase transition in BaThO3 from Pbnm to Ibmm turn the fundamental energy band gap from indirect to direct

The influence of phase transition on the electronic structure and the optical properties of BaThO3 is investigated by means of density functional theory. At room temperature BaThO3 is stable in the Pbnm phase, whereas it is stable in the Ibmm phase at high temperature. The transition from the Pbnm to the Ibmm phase cause a change in the band gap (Eg) nature from indirect to direct and a reduction by around 0.3 eV. The calculated Eg is about 4.9 eV (Pbnm) and 4.6 eV (Ibmm). The phase transition influences the k-dispersion of bands around the Fermi level and, hence, the effective masses resulting in increasing the mobility of the charge carrier and enhancing the charge transfer mechanism. The obtained optical properties clearly show the influence of phase transition on the electronic structure. It was noticed that moving from Pbnm →Ibmm phase leads to shift the whole spectral structure towards lower energies by around 0.3 eV and increase the magnitudes of the optical components. It is found that the Pbnm and Ibmm phases exhibit negative uniaxial anisotropy and negative birefringence

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Gap of Two-Dimensional Halide Solid Solutions CsPb2 (Cl1-xBrx)(5)

Exploring new perovskite-related solid-state materials and the investigating composition-dependent structural and physical properties are highly important for advanced functional material development. Herein, we present the successful hydrothermal synthesis of tetragonal CsPb2Cl5 and the anion-exchange phase formation of CsPb2(Cl1-xBrx)5 (x = 0-1) solid solutions. The CsPb2(Cl1-xBrx)5 crystal structures, which crystallize in the tetragonal system, space group 14/mcm, with parameters similar to those of CsPb2Cl5, have been determined by Rietveld analysis. The optical band gap was obtained by UV-vis spectroscopy, and the band structure was further calculated by the full-potential method within the generalized gradient approximation. It was revealed that the band gap in CsPb2(Cl1- xBrx)5 solid solutions can be tuned over the range of 4.5-3.8 eV by anion substitution

The under-pressure behaviour of mechanical, electronic and optical properties of calcium titanate and its ground state thermoelectric response

Chování pod tlakem mechanických, elektronických a optických vlastností titaničitanu vápenatého a jeho základní stav termoelektrické odpovědi. V této studii byly zkoumány elastické, elektronické, optické a termoelektrické vlastnosti peroxisodíku CaTiO3 s využitím prvotních výpočtůThe under-pressure behaviour of mechanical, electronic and optical properties of calcium titanate and its ground state thermoelectric response. In this study the elastic, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of CaTiO3 peroxide were investigated using initial calculation

Single Brillouin frequency shifted S-band multi-wavelength Brillouin-Raman fiber laser utilizing fiber Bragg grating and Raman amplifier in ring cavity

Tento dokument je zaměřen na simulaci a analýzu S-band multi-vlnových délek výkonného Ramanova laseru Brillouine s využitím vláken Bragg a Ramanového zesilovače v kruhové dutině. Raman zesilovače se používají pro zesílení signálu průměrného výkonu modelu.This paper is focusing on simulation and analyzing of S-band multi-wavelength Brillouine Raman fiber laser performance utilizing fiber Bragg grating and Raman amplifier in ring cavity. Raman amplifier average power model is employed for signal amplificatio

Exploration of the electronic structure of monoclinic α-Eu2(MoO4)3: DFT-based study and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The powder α-Eu2(MoO4)3 sample was prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The phase purity of the final powder product was verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The constituent element core levels and valence band are measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a function of Ar+ ion (2.5 keV, 7–8 μA/cm2) bombardment time. The formation of Mo5+ and Mo4+ states at high bombardment times was detected. The Eu–O and Mo–O bonding was considered in comparison with other Eu3+- and Mo6+-containing oxides using binding energy difference parameters. The transparency range obtained for the pure α-Eu2(MoO4)3 tablet is λ = 0.41–0.97 μm, as estimated at the transmission level of 5%. The short-wavelength cut edge in α-Eu2(MoO4)3 is governed by the direct allowed optical transitions within the band gap of Eg = 3.74 eV (300 K). The band structure of α-Eu2(MoO4)3 was calculated by ab initio methods and strongly different results were obtained for the spin up/down configurations. The Eu-4f states are located around 2.2 eV and −4.0 eV for spin up (↑) and the structures situated at around 6.5 and 5.5 eV for spin down (↓) configuration. The calculated spin magnetic moments are in excellent relation to the Slater-Pauling rule and within the Eu sphere the magnetic moment of 4f electrons is ∼5.99 μB

Experimental and theoretical study of the electronic structure and optical spectral features of PbIn6Te10

Představujeme měření optických vlastností krystalického PbIn6Te10. Vzorky se pěstují ve formě hranolů o velikosti _5 _ 3 _ 0,3 mm3. Absorpční koeficient (HN) ukazuje na exponenciální chování s energií v energetickém rozsahu 0.82-0.99 eV následovaným náhlým zvýšením vstřebávání z 1:07 na 1:13 eV.We present measurements of the optical properties of crystalline PbIn6Te10. The samples are grown in the form of parallelepipeds of size _5 _ 3 _ 0.3 mm3. The absorption coefficient a(hn) shows an exponential behavior with energy in the energy range 0.82–0.99 eV followed by an abrupt increase in the absorption from 1.07–1.13 eV

Exploration of the electronic structure of monoclinic α-Eu2(MoO4)3: DFT-based study and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The powder α-Eu2(MoO4)3 sample was prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The phase purity of the final powder product was verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The constituent element core levels and valence band are measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a function of Ar+ ion (2.5 keV, 7–8 μA/cm2) bombardment time. The formation of Mo5+ and Mo4+ states at high bombardment times was detected. The Eu–O and Mo–O bonding was considered in comparison with other Eu3+- and Mo6+-containing oxides using binding energy difference parameters. The transparency range obtained for the pure α-Eu2(MoO4)3 tablet is λ = 0.41–0.97 μm, as estimated at the transmission level of 5%. The short-wavelength cut edge in α-Eu2(MoO4)3 is governed by the direct allowed optical transitions within the band gap of Eg = 3.74 eV (300 K). The band structure of α-Eu2(MoO4)3 was calculated by ab initio methods and strongly different results were obtained for the spin up/down configurations. The Eu-4f states are located around 2.2 eV and −4.0 eV for spin up (↑) and the structures situated at around 6.5 and 5.5 eV for spin down (↓) configuration. The calculated spin magnetic moments are in excellent relation to the Slater-Pauling rule and within the Eu sphere the magnetic moment of 4f electrons is ∼5.99 μB