Decision-making in foreign policy

Decision made by the governments are dynamics underlies their external and external attires. Therefore care should be taken when taking such decision because hasty decision might lead to confusion if they were taken arbitrarily, and this would affect negatively its relationship with other countries. Most countries now a days take care of such decision that reflect their philosophy,  ideology and political targets of the dominant political system through alternatives and giving priority to them so that can be finally applied according to local and international rules. Region, political, international, region of successive changes Globalization, and technological revolution caused the third world countries to adopt democracy. As the USA has become the main dominant power offer the fall of USSR, put the world at the turn of 20th century, into dilemma offer the invisible of Iraq and Afghanistan. This exposed the vulnerability exposed to foreign invasion so their decision do not meet their needs. Democratization process, is negatively affected so that decision making is badly affected because the national acuity and them opened the door for sects, schism, racial and tribal decimation which  badly affect the process of decision making Key Words : Foreign policy, Interests of the state supreme, Political crisis, National securit

Volcanic Scoria as Cement Replacement

Numerous volcanic scoria (VS) cones are found in many places of the world. Many of them have not yet been investigated, although few have been used as binders for a very long time. The use of natural pozzolans as cement replacement could be considered as a common practice in the construction industry due to the related economic, ecologic and performance benefits. This chapter highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the use of volcanic scoria as cement replacement in concrete mixes in terms of fresh and hardened concrete properties. The chemical and mineralogical composition of volcanic scoria samples collected from 36 countries is presented in this chapter, with some further analysis. The effects of using volcanic scoria as cement replacement on some paste, mortar and concrete properties, such as the setting times, the heat of hydration, the compressive strength, the water permeability and the chloride penetrability, have been studied. The improvement in resistance against the chemical attack of volcanic scoria-based cement mortar has also been highlighted. Some estimation equations depending on the data available in literature have also been derived from the analyzed data. The modification of the microstructure of VS-based cement paste has been confirmed, as well

Obstacles to the Professional Development of School Principals and Their Impact on Their Performance from Their Point of View in the Education of the Southern Shouneh

The current study aimed to reveal the obstacles to the professional development of school principals and their impact on their performance from their point of view in the Southern Shouneh education. The study used the descriptive survey method, and to achieve this the researcher designed a questionnaire consisting of (44) items It was applied to the study sample, which included all members of the community, which numbered (35) directors. The results indicated that the obstacles to the professional development of school principals and their impact on their performance from their point of view in the education of the Southern Shouneh, in the field of material obstacles came to a medium degree, and in The field of administrative obstacles, personal obstacles, and obstacles related to trainers and obstacles related to evaluation came to a large degree, and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the obstacles to professional development of school principals and their impact on their performance from their point of view in the education of the Southern Shouneh due to the variables of gender, educational qualification and years of experience. Keywords: professional development, school principals, obstacles, Southern Shouneh education. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-31-03 Publication date: November 30th 202

The Family Role in Adolescents Protection: Evidence from Pre and Amid Covid-19 in Qatar

Evidence from different regions confirms that parents are playing a larger role in protecting their children from behavioral deviations. The family unit, when functioning well, represents a responsible and healthy environment for child development. Despite the importance given to this relational nexus, evidence from the MENA region remains limited in this regard, especially among the adolescent age group. Through quantitative evidence collected from adolescents themselves, this article explores the role that parents play in adolescent protection, investigating the risk and protective factors before and during Covid-19 in Qatar. Periodical comparative analysis is meant to provide scientific measurement on how Covid-19 positively and negatively impacted parental functions and adolescents’ attitudes. Results confirm enhanced quality parenting, reduced domestic violence, better relational ties and parental emotional support, yet evidence raises concern on digital addiction and fatherhood engagement

An edition of "Nadrat al-Ighrid fi Nusrat al-Qarid" by Abu Ali Al-Muzaffar b. Al-Fadi Yahya b. Abdullah b. Jafar Al-Alaawi Al-Husaini, with an introduction.

The present thesis consists of two parts : an introduction and an edition of the book Nadrat Al-Ighrid by Al-Muzaffar Ibn Al-Fadl. The first part of the introduction surveys the political and the cultural conditions during that era. It shows the interest in literary criticism in the sixth and seventh centuries and how it is influenced by the political and social conditions. The second part of the introduction is on the anther himself, his ancestry birth and upbringing, and his relation with al-Wazir Ibn Al-Alqami. After that comes the description of the book and its content. It consists of five chapters. The first Chapter deals mainly with the definition of poetry, its motives, conditions and rules. Chapter two deals with poetical licence: what the poet is allowed and forbidden to use. The third Chapter talks about the merits and impressive qualities of poetry and its impact on the heart. Chapter four deals with the pros and cons of poetry and whether it is better to write poetry or avoid it. Finally, Chapter five deals with what the poet must want, avoid or insist upon. After reviewing the five chapters, some important observations of the book are stated along with the distinguishing features of the book. The last part of the introduction is devoted to the description of the extant copies of Nadrat Al-Ighrid and a brief account of the methods adopted in, producing the presentedition. The second part of this thesis is the Arabic text edited and based on the most ancient and appropriate copies of the book with footnotes, comments and all necessary explanations

Uniformly convex spiral functions and uniformly spirallike functions associated with Pascal distribution series

summary:The aim of this paper is to find the necessary and sufficient conditions and inclusion relations for Pascal distribution series to be in the classes $\mathcal {SP}_{p}(\alpha ,\beta )$ and $\mathcal {UCV}_{p}(\alpha ,\beta )$ of uniformly spirallike functions. Further, we consider an integral operator related to Pascal distribution series. Several corollaries and consequences of the main results are also considered

Al-Zaytoonah Private University: statistical indicators, academic achievements and future trends in the light of the annual report for the year 2015 (descriptive analytical study).

This study aims to identify statistical indicators, academic achievements, and future directions of Al Zaytoonah Private University in the light of the annual report for 2015 and the strategic plan for the university (2012-2016). The researcher used the analytical descriptive method. The researcher analyzed the data to identify different statistical indicators And about the university's vision, objectives and values, and the number of students, faculty members and scientific research at the university, indicators of community service, number of foreign students, number of master's students, And the number of administrative staff. The researcher reached the following results: The university works continuously and continuously through the plans and programs that reach the university to a prestigious position locally and regionally in its programs and research activities, and the standards of international accreditation for quality assurance and upgrading. University education, local and regional market support with specialized cadres, qualified expertise capable of development, creativity and active trained leaders. The values ​​of the university are: national integration, continuous learning, fairness in evaluation, sincerity, integrity and leadership. Innovation, and teamwork. The results of the study also found that Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan is one of the leading universities in the field of private higher education in Jordan, and it is one of the oldest universities where it was established in 1993. The university has 7 faculties, 36 academic specialties, 28 undergraduate programs, 8 master's programs, 19 universities, and 25413 graduates by the end of 2015, (70), Of the Master's degree students. The number of students was 7701 students, 210 of whom studied in master's programs and 1477 were non-Jordanians, 19.4% of them were studying in master's programs, The university has 328 faculty members of different academic levels and 555 employees in the administrative departments. The university has seven faculties and includes (28) specialized (8) specializations in the master's degree. Key word: Al Zaytoonah Private University, statistical indicators, academic achievements.