The Support Role of Auxiliaries

Hewson (1997) clearly illustrates the 'typological shift to configurational syntax' giving rise to the prepositional phrase in Indo-European languages. It is further suggested in the same article that something parallel has occurred with the development of compound forms in the verb. For prepositional phrases and verb compounds to come into being, new syntactic relationships must have been established between their components. The present note is an attempt to throw light on these relationships in the verb phrase

The relation between daily food intake and growth of the Pacific mangrove prawn Palaemon debilis Dana and its Atlantic relative Palaemon elegans Rathke, both from the Gulf of Elat

The behaviour and distribution of Palaemon debilis Dana was studied in mangrove lagoons along the east coast of Sinai. Food intake and growth of this prawn were measured in the laboratory and compared with the related Atlantic species Palaemon elegans Rathke, occuring in a saltwater fishpond at Elat. Daily food intake was similar in both species and correlated with their metabolic weight. By feeding groups of prawns different rations of prawnmeat during fourteen days the daily maintenance ration was estimated as approximately 14 percent of the metabolic dry weight while the net food conversion was estimated as 0.4. The role of Palaemon debilis in the mangrove toodweb is discussed

The consumption of zooplankton by early life stages of fish in the North Sea

Previous work has shown that during the 1970s, fish and carnivorous macrozooplankton together consumed ~22 gC m-2 year-1 of mesozooplankton, principally copepods. Consumption declined to ~17 gC m-2 year-1 during the 1990s, mainly because of a reduction in fish production. The zooplankton production required to meet this demand seems to be approximately accounted for by estimates of new primary production, but there are additional sinks for zooplankton production attributable to predation by, for example, gelatinous species. Additionally, the consumption of zooplankton by early life stages of fish is difficult to assess and could be larger than implied by the earlier analysis. Here, the role of fish early life stages in zooplankton consumption is reassessed, and found to be approximately double that previously estimated. Some 28% of the zooplankton consumption by fish is now estimated to be attributable to early life stages, resulting in an estimate of zooplankton consumption by the fish community as a whole 14% higher. Taken overall, the consumption of zooplankton production by fish and other planktivorous predators is now estimated to be 19-25 gC m-2 year-1