Bahnhof Buffet Zurich, Menu, 11th September 1961

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The fate of high redshift massive compact galaxies in dense environments

Massive compact galaxies seem to be more common at high redshift than in the local universe, especially in denser environments. To investigate the fate of such massive galaxies identified at z~2 we analyse the evolution of their properties in three cosmological hydrodynamical simulations that form virialised galaxy groups of mass ~10^13 Msun hosting a central massive elliptical/S0 galaxy by redshift zero. We find that at redshift ~2 the population of galaxies with M_*> 2 10^10 Msun is diverse in terms of mass, velocity dispersion, star formation and effective radius, containing both very compact and relatively extended objects. In each simulation all the compact satellite galaxies have merged into the central galaxy by redshift 0 (with the exception of one simulation where one of such satellite galaxy survives). Satellites of similar mass at z = 0 are all less compact than their high redshift counterparts. They form later than the galaxies in the z = 2 sample and enter the group potential at z < 1, when dynamical friction times are longer than the Hubble time. Also, by z = 0 the central galaxies have increased substantially their characteristic radius via a combination of in situ star formation and mergers. Hence in a group environment descendants of compact galaxies either evolve towards larger sizes or they disappear before the present time as a result of the environment in which they evolve. Since the group-sized halos that we consider are representative of dense environments in the LambdaCDM cosmology, we conclude that the majority of high redshift compact massive galaxies do not survive until today as a result of the environment.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to MNRA

Bahnhof Buffet Zurich, Menu, 22nd September 1961

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Bahnhof Buffet Zurich, Lunch Menu, 17th October 1961

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Educating smart materials

Our daily environment is clearly occupied by digital technologies, which influence the way we behave, move, or interact with one another. In order for architects to keep up with continuous technological advancement and be prepared for upcoming challenges and uncertainties they need to be educated in the use of new technologies and possess skills in interdisciplinary exchange. Especially in respect to the application of new materials, which often stem from areas like materials science, biology, or chemistry, architects not only need an understanding of discipline-specific distinctions but especially be literate in a shared way of expression. The following article presents a didactic model for integrative and explorative smart material education as a means to enrich existing educational frameworks. Yet rather than prescribing a particular method or predefined solution the focus of this idea is on providing open access to information and suggest a broad range of relevant possibilities. The students are thus not taught “what-to-do” but instead encouraged to learn “how-to-do” by offering a stable and rich framework for independent self-development.&nbsp;Nuestro entorno diario está claramente ocupado por las tecnologías digitales, que influyen en la forma en que nos comportamos, nos movemos o interactuamos unos con otros. Para que los arquitectos puedan mantenerse al día con el progreso tecnológico continuo y estar preparados para los próximos desafíos e incertidumbres, necesitan ser capacitados en el uso de nuevas tecnologías y poseer habilidades en el intercambio interdisciplinario. Especialmente con respecto a la aplicación de nuevos materiales, que a menudo provienen de áreas como ciencia de los materiales, la biología o la química, los arquitectos no sólo necesitan una comprensión de las distinciones específicas de la disciplina, sino especialmente estar familiarizados con una forma de expresión compartida.&nbsp;El siguiente artículo presenta un modelo didáctico para la educación integradora y exploratoria de materiales inteligentes como un medio para enriquecer los marcos educativos existentes. Sin embargo, en vez de prescribir un método particular o una solución predefinida, el enfoque pretende proporcionar un acceso abierto a la información y sugerir una amplia gama de posibilidades relevantes. Por lo tanto, a los estudiantes no se les enseña “qué hacer” sino que se les anima a aprender “cómo hacer” ofreciendo un marco estable y rico para el autodesarrollo independiente.O nosso ambiente diário é claramente ocupado pelas tecnologias digitais que influenciam a forma como nos comportamos, nos movemos e interagimos uns com os outros. Para que os arquitetos possam acompanhar o progresso tecnológico contínuo e estar preparados para os próximos desafios e incertezas, precisam ser treinados no uso de novas tecnologias e possuem habilidades interdisciplinares. Especialmente no que diz respeito à aplicação de novos materiais, que muitas vezes vêm de áreas como a ciência dos materiais, biologia ou química, os arquitetos devem ter não só uma compreensão das diferenças específicas de a disciplina, mas principalmente estar familiarizados com uma forma de expressão compartilhada. O artigo apresenta um modelo didático para a educação integradora e exploratória dos materiais inteligentes como um meio para enriquecer estruturas educacionais existentes. No entanto, em vez de prescrever um determinado método ou uma solução pré-definida, a abordagem pretende proporcionar acesso aberto à informação e sugerir uma ampla gama de possibilidades relevantes. Portanto, os alunos não são ensinados a “o que fazer”, mas são incentivados a aprender “como fazer”, proporcionando um quadro estável e rico para o autodesenvolvimento

Measuring flood resilience: a fuzzy logic approach

© 2017, © Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose: Flood resilience is emerging as a major component of an integrated strategic approach to flood risk management. This approach recognizes that some flooding is inevitable and aligns with the concept of “living with water.” Resilience measurement is a key in making business case for investments in resilient retrofits/adaptations, and could potentially be used to inform the design of new developments in flood prone areas. The literature is, however, sparse on frameworks for measuring flood resilience. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a fuzzy logic (FL)-based resilience measuring model, drawing on a synthesis of extant flood resilience and FL literature. Design/methodology/approach: An abstraction of the flood resilience system followed by identification and characterization of systems’ variables and parameters were carried out. The resulting model was transformed into a fuzzy inference system (FIS) using three input factors: inherent resilience, supportive facilities (SF) and resident capacity. Findings: The resulting FIS generates resilience index for households with a wide range of techno-economic and socio-environmental features. Originality/value: It is concluded that the FL-based model provides a veritable tool for the measurement of flood resilience at the level of the individual property, and with the potential to be further developed for larger scale applications, i.e. at the community or regional levels