Un registro de hipertrofia del trago del murciélago frugívoro de gran tamaño Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

In this work, we report and describe evidence of an anomaly in the tragus of an individual of Artibeus lituratus, captured in the Central Andes of Colombia. During field work in the Department of Caldas, municipality of Aranzazu, one individual of A. lituratus with unusual tragus form was trapped. This individual had a tragus with cylindrical shape and asymmetry. The individual was collected and deposited at the Museum of Natural History of the University of Caldas (MHN-UCa). A literature review was conducted to find similar cases using searching engines, but no previous reports of the anomaly were find. Furthermore, we reviewed the tragus of vouchers at the MHN-UCa and none of these had similar malformations. We concluded that this anomaly has not previously registered in Chiroptera.En este trabajo, reportamos y describimos evidencia de una anomalía en el trago de un individuo de Artibeus lituratus, capturado en los Andes Centrales de Colombia. En junio de 2019, durante un trabajo de campo en el Departamento de Caldas, municipio de Aranzazu, quedó atrapado un individuo de A. lituratus con inusual forma de trago. Este individuo tenía un trago de forma cilíndrica y asimetría. El individuo fue recogido y depositado en el Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Caldas (MHN-UCa). Se realizó una revisión de la literatura para encontrar casos similares utilizando motores de búsqueda, pero no se encontraron informes previos de la anomalía. Además, revisamos el trago de los especímenes en el MHN-UCa y ninguno de ellos presentaba malformaciones similares. Concluimos que esta anomalía no se había registrado previamente en Chiroptera

Imantodes inornatus (Boulenger, 1886) (Squamata: Dipsadidae): expansión del rango de la distribución conocida y primeros registros del valle del río Magdalena, Colombia

The first report of the Speckled Blunt-headed Tree Snake (Imantodes inornatus) is presented for the Magdalena River valley, from the departments of Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá and Caldas in Colombia. Since these records correspond to the biogeographic Magdalena province, the known range for the species is expanded. In Colombia, this is a trans-Andean species found from the Pacific rainforests of the Chocó region, through the northern portion of the Western and Central Andean ranges, to the middle Magdalena River valley.Se registra por primera vez la serpiente de árbol cabeza moteada (Imantodes inornatus) en el valle del río Magdalena en los departamentos de Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá y Caldas, en Colombia. Estos registros corresponden a la provincia biogeográfica del Magdalena, lo que aumenta el área de distribución conocida. En Colombia, esta especie es un elemento transandino que cruza las selvas tropicales del Pacífico de la región chocoana, a través de la porción septentrional de las cordilleras Occidental y Central hasta el valle medio del río Magdalena

II Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Science and Engineering

II Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Science and Engineering (II WMSSE) was a conference conducted at Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, in the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on September 24, 25 and 26, 2019. There, works in several topics of science, technology and engineering were presented. Specially, the participants of conference wanted to bring some solutions to the actual industrial requirements such as improvement and optimization of the heat transfer equipment, electronic devices, system control by mean of computational modeling. Also, dynamic system control was widely used for the prediction of power flow market, diffusion of bacteria in coffee production, stress concentration in industrial machines, analysis of population dynamics, model of hydrological and pluviometric networks, encryption for intercommunication of substation control centers, and others

Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men

Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women's brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality

Equine gastric ulcerative syndrome in Antioquia (Colombia): Frequency and risk factors

Abstract Background: Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) has been associated with duration of confinement, grain supplementation, exercise, stress, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the gastric microbiome. On the other hand, limited information is available on the risk factors for EGUS in Colombia. Objective: To determine the frequency and risk factors for the presentation of EGUS in several municipalities of Antioquia. Methods: A total of 103 male and female horses were evaluated. Endoscopic samples from different portions of the stomach were taken and subjected to histopathological analysis. Information on management conditions for each animal was also obtained. Descriptive statistics, association analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: A 69% of the animals presented at least one gastric lesion: 22.3% lesions in the squamous mucosa, 39.2% in the Margo plicatus (MP) and 48.9% in the glandular region. Diet was associated with the presentation of ulcers in the squamous mucosa (p = 0.003). MP ulceration was associated with concentrate feed consumption (p = 0.032). Conclusion: The EGUS frequency is 69%. Consumption of concentrate feed by horses in Antioquia is a critical factor for the development of ulcers in the stomach squamous and glandular regions.Resumo Antecedentes: A síndrome da úlcera gástrica equina (SUGE) tem sido associada a fatores como estabulação, subministro de ração, exercício, estrese, uso de AINE e microbiota do estômago. Por outro lado, a informação sobre os fatores de risco para o EGUS na Colômbia é limitada. Objetivo: Determinar a frequência e fatores de risco para a apresentação da SUGE em uma população de cavalos de Medellín e cidades próximas. Métodos: Foram estudados 103 equinos de ambos sexos. Amostras das diferentes porções do estômago tomadas pela endoscopia foram sometidas a análises histopatológico. Igualmente, dados das condições de manejo de cada animal foram obtidos. Se realizou estatística descritiva, análises de associação e regressão logística. Resultados: O 69% dos animais estudados apresentarão pelo menos uma lesão gástrica, 22,3% lesões na mucosa escamosa, 39,2% no Margo plicatus (MP) e 48,9% na região glandular. Se determinou que a dieta é um fator associado à apresentação de úlceras na mucosa escamosa (p = 0,003). A ulceração em MP foi associada ao subministro de ração (p = 0,032). Conclusão: A frequência da SUGE foi do 69%; a presença de ração na dieta é um fator crítico para o desenvolvimento de úlceras nas regiões escamosa e glandular.Resumen Antecedentes: El síndrome ulcerativo gástrico equino (SUGE) se ha asociado a factores como estabulación, consumo de concentrado, ejercicio, estrés, uso de AINEs y microbiota del estómago. Por otro lado, la información sobre los factores de riesgo para EGUS en Colombia es limitada. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y factores de riesgo para la presentación de SUGE en caballos de Medellín y municipios cercanos. Métodos: Fueron evaluados 103 equinos de ambos sexos. Se realizó análisis histopatológico a muestras tomadas por endoscopia en diferentes porciones del estómago. Adicionalmente, se obtuvo información sobre las condiciones de manejo de cada animal. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis de asociación y regresión logística. Resultados: El 69% de los animales presentaron al menos una lesión gástrica, 22,3% lesiones en la mucosa escamosa, 39,2% en el Margo plicatus (MP) y 48,9% en la región glandular. La dieta estuvo asociada a la presentación de úlceras en la mucosa escamosa (p = 0,003). La ulceración en MP estuvo asociada al consumo de alimento concentrado (p = 0,032). Conclusión: La frecuencia de SUGE es del 69%. El consumo de alimento concentrado por equinos en Antioquia es un factor crítico para el desarrollo de úlceras en las regiones escamosa y glandular del estómago

Fragility curves of storage tanks impacted by strong winds

Industrial infrastructures may be subjected to severe damage by strong winds, storms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. For instance, the two hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, in the Gulf of Mexico (United States) resulted in multiple damages to approximately 611 industrial equipment such as offshore platforms, oil pipelines, and storage tanks. This type of events is defined as NaTech (Natural accidents triggered by Natural Events). Due to their structural characteristics, atmospheric storage tanks are particularly vulnerable to NaTech. Indeed, the interaction of strong winds may result in a structural damage and the following release of hazardous substances in the environment. In this work, a computational tool was developed in order to obtain fragility curves for storage tank, designed on the basis of API-650, and subjected to strong winds. This tool includes the reduction of uncertainty by Monte Carlo simulations, and it analyzes individual tanks and the entire tanks area. The model includes different damage modes such as the buckling of the wall due to external pressure and the damage to the tank shell due to the impact of the projectiles transported by the wind, in addition to the loss of containment calculation once the equipment has failed. Finally, the tool takes into account the mechanical characteristics of the tank together with its operating conditions for the fragility analysis, the results of which will be the input information to include events of natural origin within the classical risk analysis. Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l

<i>Imantodes inornatus</i> (Boulenger, 1886) (Squamata: Dipsadidae): expansion of known range and first records from the Magdalena River valley, Colombia

The first report of the Speckled Blunt-headed Tree Snake (Imantodes inornatus) is presented for the Magdalena River valley, from the departments of Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá and Caldas in Colombia. Since these records correspond to the biogeographic Magdalena province, the known range for the species is expanded. In Colombia, this is a trans-Andean species found from the Pacific rainforests of the Chocó region, through the northern portion of the Western and Central Andean ranges, to the middle Magdalena River valley

Imantodes inornatus (Boulenger, 1886) (Squamata: Dipsadidae): expansion of known range and first records from the Magdalena River valley, Colombia

The first report of the Speckled Blunt-headed Tree Snake (Imantodes inornatus) is presented for the Magdalena River valley, from the departments of Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá and Caldas in Colombia. Since these records correspond to the biogeographic Magdalena province, the known range for the species is expanded. In Colombia, this is a trans-Andean species found from the Pacific rainforests of the Chocó region, through the northern portion of the Western and Central Andean ranges, to the middle Magdalena River valley.Bogotá, Colombi