SUMANG: Norm of Gayo Community Within The Framework of Islamic Education

Abstract: The rise of immodesty among the young people towards the elderly implies the lack of cultural identity. This behavior is not only performed by individuals within the family environment but also the entire aspects of the educational environment and society. Dealing with this condition, it is necessary to re-actualize the social norms as local wisdom for future generations like Gayo community. Here are the norms to avoid violating actions. These rules are used as a foundation of life called Sumang. This paper focuses on the concepts of Gayo community norms within the framework of Islamic education. This research employed a descriptive qualitative using field research method. The sampling technique was purposive sampling by selecting the research participants consisting of the prominent tribal leader of Gayonese people. The data were collected by using observation and semi-structured interview. Then, the data were documented and analyzed through data reduction, display, and conclusion. The purpose of this paper is to explore the heritage value of Gayo community that can be used as a reference to respond to the challenges of future generations. The findings showed that the Gayo norms managing social interaction known as Sumang (taboo) consisting of Sumang Kenunulen (sitting), Sumang perceraken (talking), Sumang pelangkahan (journey), Sumang penengonen (seeing). Those concepts in Gayo community norms within the framework of Islamic education are to prevent a contradiction to the religion and the cultural values or it can be classified as disrespectful attitudes. These norms have also been the foundation for developing character education.الملخص: يتزايد انتشار الخلافة بين الصغار والكبار بشكل متزايد ، مما يعني نقصًا في الأخلاق. هذا السلوك لا يتم فقط من قبل الأفراد في محيط الأسرة ولكن في جميع جوانب البيئة التعليمية وحتى المجتمع. لمعالجة هذا ، من الضروري الحفاظ على جدول الأعمال أو إعادة تفعيل المعايير الاجتماعية التي أصبحت حكمة محلية لأجيال. كما هو الحال في مجتمع Gayo ، لديها قواعد السلوك أو السلوك التي يجب تجنبها لخرق القيم. تستخدم القاعدة كنمط أساسي أو أساس للحياة يسمى سومانغ. تستعرض هذه الورقة معايير مجتمع Gayo ومفاهيم معايير مجتمع Gayo في إطار التعليم الإسلامي. تستخدم طريقة البحث هذه النوعية الوصفية ، مع البحث الميداني. استخدم المشاركون في هذه الورقة تقنية أخذ عينات هادفة ، وهي الشكل التقليدي لمجتمع جايو. طرق جمع ملاحظات البيانات ، ومقابلات الفصول ، والتوثيق أثناء تحليل البيانات باستخدام تقليل البيانات ، وعرض البيانات والاستنتاجات .الغرض من هذه الورقة هو استكشاف القيمة التراثية لمجتمع غايو ويمكن استخدامه كمرجع في الرد على تحديات الأجيال التي تفتقر إلى الأخلاق. تشير النتائج في هذا المجال إلى أن قواعد جايو التي تحكم التفاعل الاجتماعي تُعرف باسم سومانج كينونولن (المتنافرة عند الجلوس) ، ووسانجانج بيرسيكاكن (المتناقض في قول الكلمات) ، والسومانج بيلانجكان (المتناقض في السفر) ، وسومانج بيننغونين (طرق متضاربة للرؤية) ، إن مفهوم معايير مجتمع جايو في إطار التربية الإسلامية هو فعل يتعارض مع الدين ، لأنه يصنف كموقف غير جدير بالثناء وله تأثير غير موات ، ويمكن أن يكون هذا الأساس أساسًا لقيم الشخصية المتنامية.Abstrak: Maraknya sikap ketidaksopanan antara yang muda terhadap yang tua semakin merambah sehingga mensiratkan minimnya etika. Tingkah laku tersebut bukan hanya dilakukan individu di lingkungan keluarga, namun pada seluruh aspek lingkungan pendidikan bahkan masyarakat. Untuk menyikapi hal tersebut, perlu agenda pelestarian atau mengaktualisasikan kembali norma-norma sosial yang sudah menjadi kebijaksaan lokal secara turun temurun. Sebagaimana pada masyarakat Gayo, mempunyai aturan perbuatan atau tingkah laku yang harus dijauhi karena melanggar nilai. Aturan tersebut dijadikan pola dasar atau landasan hidup yang disebut Sumang. Tujuan tulisan ini untuk menggali nilai pusaka masyarakat Gayo dan dapat dijadikan acuan dalam menjawab tantangan generasi yang minim moralitas. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan penelitian lapangan (field research) serta partisipan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling,yaitu tokoh adat masyarakat Gayo. Pengumpulan data menggunakan pengamatan, wawancara semiterstruktur, dokumentasi, sedangkan analisa data menggunakan data reduction, displaydata serta kesimpulan. Temuan di lapangan bahwa norma masyarakat Gayo yang mengatur tata pergaulan dalam berinteraksi dikenal dengan istilah sumang kenunulen (sumbang ketika duduk), sumang perceraken (sumbang dalam mengucapkan kata-kata), sumang pelangkahen (sumbang dalam perjalanan), sumang penengonen (sumbang cara melihat). Konsep norma-norma masyarakat Gayo dalam bingkai pendidikan Islam merupakan tindakan yang bertentangan dengan adat, agama karena tergolong sikap yang tidak terpuji dan berdampak tidak baik. Norma tersebut juga telah menjadi dasar untuk menumbuhkan nilai-nilai karakter

IMPLEMENTASI MARKET DAY DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP ANAK USIA DINI DI TKIT AN-NAJAH KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH

This research discussed the market day activities to improve children entrepreneurship of TKIT Sunnah An-Najah of Central Aceh and to find out entrepreneurial value of the students. This is descriptive field research. It used three data collection methods, including observation, interview, and documentation. To make the market day activities easier to understand, the researcher divided them into three processes: planning, application, and assessment. Furthermore, the application of having those students get into entrepreneurial value also involves fostering the values of entrepreneurship before and after the market day activity. The values desired are bravery, self-confidence, independence, good behavior, honesty, sense of appreciation, work commitment, discipline, cooperative and being communicative and oriented towards results. Through this observation, it is found that the conduction of the market day activities can help stimulate children's cognitive and socio-emotional growth, language skills, and physical-motor development. Keyword: market day, entrepreneurship Penelitian ini membahas kegiatan market day dalam mengembangkan entrepreneurship pada anak di TKIT Sunnah An-Najah Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai entrepreneurship yang ditanamkan pada anak dengan kegiatan market day di TKIT Sunnah An-Najah Kecamatan Bebesen Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan field research yang dilaksanakan di TKIT Sunnah An-Najah Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Implementasi kegiatan market day dalam mengembangkan entrepreneurship dilakukan dengan perencanaan, pelaksanaan serta penilaian. Pelaksanaan Kegiatan market day  dalam mengembangkan entrepreneurship meliputi pra market day, saat market day serta pasca market day. Pelaksanaan entrepreneurship dapat mengembangkan aspek perkembangan kognitif, sosio-emosional, bahasa, dan fisik motorik anak dapat bertambah. Nilai-nilai entrepreneurship yang ditanamkan pada anak dengan kegiatan market day yaitu berani, pecaya diri, mandiri, santun, menghargai, jujur, berorientasi pasar, berorientasi tugas, berorientasi hasil, disiplin, kooperatif, komunikatif. Kata kunci: market day, kewirausahaa

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL FLOW MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE

In 2010, an explosion occurred in the Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) that caused the oil rig to sink to the bottom of the ocean. At that time, there was no accurate method to estimate the flow rate of the hydrocarbon leakage. Timothy J. Crone used a noninvasive flow measurement technique, optical plume velocimetry to determine the flow rate using image analysis. There are several methods to estimate the flow rate measurement namely temporal cross correlation, frequency domain cross correlation, average square difference function, ASDF and average magnitude difference function, AMDF. The most important parameter in these methods is the time delay. However, Crone neglected the frequency domain cross correlation which may give a better flow rate estimation. The main motivation of this research is to do a comparative analysis of the four cross correlation algorithm as mentioned above. The four algorithms were used to estimate the flow rate where five simulations with five different flow rates were measured in order to determine the accuracy of each algorithm. Crone’s experimental setup was replicated and a DSLR camera was used to record the flow

Early Childhood Multicultural Education in the Islamic Sharia Area

Cases encountered in the field related to intolerance in early childhood include children making fun of each other regarding social status, cultural differences, religious differences, skin color, and dialect differences. Early childhood in the field of Islamic law is prone to conflict problems. The purpose of this writing is to describe multicultural learning practices in areas of Islamic law. The method used is field research with a qualitative approach. The result of this writing is the implementation of multicultural learning at early childhood education institutions in Budidharma Kindergarten, Central Aceh Regency through the integration of multicultural values. The implementation of multicultural learning in early childhood education institutions at Budidharma Kindergarten also covers all aspects of child development, namely cognitive, moral, religious, physical-motor, socio-emotional, language, and arts. 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Prabowo, Alfian Dewan Adhayuda, and Hamim Ilyas. 2021. “Multicultural Education in Islamic Perspective.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021) 570 (Icebsh): 371–76. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210805.060. Primawati, Laurencia. 2013. “Dosen FISIPOL Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan JUPIIS VOLUME 5 Nomor 2, Desember 2013 82” 5: 82–92. Rachmawati, Y., Pai, Y. F., & Chen, H. H. 2014. “The Necessity of Multicultural Education in Indonesia.” International Journal of Education and Research, no. October 2014. Rahim, Rahmawaty. 2012. “Signifikansi Pendidikan Multikultural Terhadap Kelompok Minoritas.” Analisis XII: 161–82. Retnowati, May Shinta, Musta’an Al Faruqi, and Syahrul Ihsan. 2023. “The Sources of Islamic Law on the Muamalah Concept About Contract Viewed on Philosophical Studies.” Al-Iktisab: Journal of Islamic Economic Law 7 (1): 75–94. https://doi.org/10.21111/aliktisab.v7i1.9961. Riyanto, Yatim. 2012. “Paradigma Baru Pembelajaran.” In , 163. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media. Group. Suri, Dharlinda, and Dharnita Chandra. 2021. “Teacher’s Strategy for Implementing Multiculturalism Education Based on Local Cultural Values and Character Building for Early Childhood Education.” Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8 (4): 271–85. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/937. Sutarto, Joko. 2016. “Pentingnya Pembelajaran Multikultural Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.” Edukasi, no. 3: 1–13. Wihardit, Kuswaya. 2010. “Pendidikan Multikultural: Suatu Konsep, Pendekatan Dan Solusi.” Jurnal Pendidikan 11 (2): 96–105. http://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/JP/article/view/98. Yanuari Dwi Puspitarini, and Muhammad Hanif. 2019. “Using Learning Media to Increase Learning Motivation in Elementary School.” Anatolian Journal of Education 4 (2): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.29333/aje.2019.426a. &nbsp

Penjatuhan Sanksi Pidana Maksimum Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Perkosaan Dihubungkan Dengan Pemenuhan Keadilan Korban

ABSTRAKArticle 285 of the Criminal Code states that anyone with violence and threats of violence forces a woman to have sex with him outside of marriage, is threatened with rape with a maximum imprisonment of twelve years. If you look at the written sanctions formulation, the maximum sentence for the crime of rape is twelve years. However, in reality, judges rarely impose maximum criminal sanctions in society as stated in these provisions. In addition, when viewed from the perspective of creating justice for victims of maximum criminal sanctions, it has not touched the recovery of losses and suffering experienced by rape victims. This research is a normative juridical research but is also supported by empirical data so that what is studied is data originating from the literature and court decisions. The results of the study indicate that the imposition of maximum criminal sanctions on perpetrators of the crime of rape as regulated in the Criminal Code has not been implemented properly, this is because in practice law enforcement officers including the panel of judges who should be the mouthpiece of justice have not been able to provide maximum sanctions. to the perpetrator, in imposing criminal sanctions the judge tends to ignore the condition of the victim who is traumatized and depressed. This provides clear evidence that there is still a lack of guarantees for legal protection for victims of sexual violence and rape in criminal justice in Indonesia.Pasal 285 KUHP menyatakan barang siapa dengan kekerasan dan ancaman kekerasan memaksa seorang wanita bersetubuh dengan dia di luar pernikahan, diancam karena melakukan perkosaan dengan pidana penjara paling lama dua belas tahun. Jika melihat formulasi sanski yang ditertulis maka pidana maksimum bagi tindak pidana perkosaan adalah dua belas tahun. Namum dalam kenyataannya di dalam masyarakat Hakim jarang menjatuhkan sanksi pidana maksimal seperti yang tercantum di dalam ketentuan tersebut. Selain itu apabila ditinjau dari terciptanya keadilan bagi korban sanksi pidana maksimum belumlah menyentuh pemulihan kerugian dan penderitaan yang dialami oleh korban perkosaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif namun juga didukung dengan data empiris sehingga yang diteliti adalah data yang berasal dari kepustakaan dan putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penjatuhan sanksi pidana maksimum terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perkosaan sebagaimana diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Pidana belum terimplementasi dengan baik, hal tersebut dikarenakan dalam prakteknya aparat penegak hukum termasuk didalamnya majelis hakim yang seharusnya menjadi corong keadilan ternyata belum mampu memberikan sanksi yang maksimal kepada pelaku, dalam penjatuhan sanksi pidana hakim cenderung mengabaikan kondisi korban yang mengalami trauma dan depresi. Hal tersebut memberikan bukti nyata bahwa masih minimnya jaminan perlindungan hukum terhadap korban kekerasan seksual perkosaan dalam peradilan pidana di Indonesia

Karakteristik dan Keunikan Bola Kaju Sappu’ di Desa Malalin, Kabupaten Enrekang

Abstrak_ Desain rumah tradisional bukanlah sekedar karakteristik pembeda atau ciri khas semata.  Melainkan ada fungsi fungsi yang di sediakan olehnya serta ada pula kebutuhan akan kecocokan dengan  tipe aktivitas masyarakat setempat itu sendiri. Beberapa suku bangsa Indonesia memiliki karakteristik dan  keunikan rumah tradisional masing masing, dan salah satu rumah tradisional di Indonesia adalah rumah  panggung kayu, atau dalam bahasa bugis dikenal dengan nama “ Bola Kaju Sappu’” .Penelitian ini  didasari oleh kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang nilai nilai tradisi serta sejarah asal muasal  keberadaan rumah panggung bugis di tengah tengah lingkungan masyarakat, khususnya di Desa Malalin,  kabupaten Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejarah, karakteristik serta  nilai nilai arsite ing masing, dan salah satu rumah tradisional di Indonesia adalah rumah  panggung kayu, atau dalam bahasa bugis dikenal dengan nama “ Bola Kaju Sappu’” .Penelitian ini  didasari oleh kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang nilai nilai tradisi serta sejarah asal muasal  keberadaan rumah panggung bugis di tengah tengah lingkungan masyarakat, khususnya di Desa Malalin,  kabupaten Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejarah, karakteristik serta  nilai nilai arsitektur pada Bola Kaju Sappu’. Lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Malalin, Kecamatan  Cendana, Kabupaten Enrekang provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif  dengan melakukan observasi dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan , sebagai teknik pengumpulan data.  Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa “ Bola Kaju Sappu’” terdiri atas tiga bagian yaitu yaitu bagian  bawah disebut Passiring atau sullung bola, bagian tengah disebut Kale bola, dan bagian atas disebut  Para Bola.Kata kunci: Bola Kaju Sappu’; Rumah Bugis; Malalin Abstract _ Traditional home design is not just a distinguishing characteristic or mere characteristic. But there are functions provided by him and there is also a need for compatibility with the type of local community activity itself. Some Indonesian ethnic groups have the characteristics and uniqueness of their respective traditional houses, and one of the traditional houses in Indonesia is a wooden stilt house, or in Bugis language known as “ Bola Kaju Sappu’” This research is based on my lack of knowledge about wooden houses on stilts the Bugis tribe is incidentally where I have lived for many years. Therefore, here  I will review the philosophy of the houses on stilts which have been our homes for many years. This study uses a qualitative method by observing and observing directly in the field, as a data collection technique.  From the results of the study showed that “ Bola Kaju Sappu’” consists of three parts, namely the bottom is called Siring or Sullung Bola, the middle is called Kale Bola, and the top is called Para Bola.Keywords: Bola Kaju Sappu’; Bugis House; Malalin ktur pada Bola Kaju Sappu’. Lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Malalin, Kecamatan  Cendana, Kabupaten Enrekang provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif  dengan melakukan observasi dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan , sebagai teknik pengumpulan data.  Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa “ Bola Kaju Sappu’” terdiri atas tiga bagian yaitu yaitu bagian  bawah disebut Passiring atau sullung bola, bagian tengah disebut Kale bola, dan bagian atas disebut  Para Bola.Kata kunci: Bola Kaju Sappu’; Rumah Bugis; Malalin Abstract _ Traditional home design is not just a distinguishing characteristic or mere characteristic. But there are functions provided by him and there is also a need for compatibility with the type of local community activity itself. Some Indonesian ethnic groups have the characteristics and uniqueness of their respective traditional houses, and one of the traditional houses in Indonesia is a wooden stilt house, or in Bugis language known as “ Bola Kaju Sappu’” This research is based on my lack of knowledge about wooden houses on stilts the Bugis tribe is incidentally where I have lived for many years. Therefore, here  I will review the philosophy of the houses on stilts which have been our homes for many years. This study uses a qualitative method by observing and observing directly in the field, as a data collection technique.  From the results of the study showed that “ Bola Kaju Sappu’” consists of three parts, namely the bottom is called Siring or Sullung Bola, the middle is called Kale Bola, and the top is called Para Bola.Keywords: Bola Kaju Sappu’; Bugis House; Malalin

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL FLOW MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE

In 2010, an explosion occurred in the Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) that caused the oil rig to sink to the bottom of the ocean. At that time, there was no accurate method to estimate the flow rate of the hydrocarbon leakage. Timothy J. Crone used a noninvasive flow measurement technique, optical plume velocimetry to determine the flow rate using image analysis. There are several methods to estimate the flow rate measurement namely temporal cross correlation, frequency domain cross correlation, average square difference function, ASDF and average magnitude difference function, AMDF. The most important parameter in these methods is the time delay. However, Crone neglected the frequency domain cross correlation which may give a better flow rate estimation. The main motivation of this research is to do a comparative analysis of the four cross correlation algorithm as mentioned above. The four algorithms were used to estimate the flow rate where five simulations with five different flow rates were measured in order to determine the accuracy of each algorithm. Crone’s experimental setup was replicated and a DSLR camera was used to record the flow

PENGEMBANGAN MATERIAL RINGAN SERAT GELAS PADA INDUSTRI KERETA API

Abstract The use of composite materials has been developed in the railroad transportation industry sector in Indonesia. For example, PT INKA has used composite materials with fiber glass reinforcement. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of tensile strength and bending strength of the composite material so that it can be proposed to be further developed and utilized by the manufacturing industry, especially the railroad industry. In this study, 4 types of matrix variations were examined, namely epoxy, repoxy, polyester, and bhispenol using fiber glass reinforcement. Tensile strength and bending strength tests were performed in accordance with the ASTM D-638 and the ASTM D-790 standards, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the variation of the matrix is very influential on the tensile strength and bending strength of composite materials. Keywords: composite material, glass fiber, tensile strength, bending strength  Abstrak Penggunaan material komposit mulai banyak dikembangkan di sektor industri trasportasi kereta api di Indone-sia. Sebagai contoh, PT INKA sudah menggunakan material komposit dengan penguat serat gelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan bending material komposit agar dapat diusulkan untuk lebih dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan oleh industri manufaktur, khususnya industri kereta api. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 4 jenis variasi matriks, yaitu epoxy, repoxy, polyester, dan bhispenol dengan menggunakan penguat serat gelas. Pengujian kekuatan tarik menggunakan standar ASTM D-638 dan pengujian bending menggunakan standar ASTM D-790. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi matriks sangat berpengaruh pada kekuatan tarik maupun kekuatan bending material komposit. Kata-kata kunci: material komposit, serat gelas, kekuatan tarik, kekuatan bendin

PENGEMBANGAN MATERIAL RINGAN SERAT GELAS PADA INDUSTRI KERETA API

Abstract The use of composite materials has been developed in the railroad transportation industry sector in Indonesia. For example, PT INKA has used composite materials with fiber glass reinforcement. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of tensile strength and bending strength of the composite material so that it can be proposed to be further developed and utilized by the manufacturing industry, especially the railroad industry. In this study, 4 types of matrix variations were examined, namely epoxy, repoxy, polyester, and bhispenol using fiber glass reinforcement. Tensile strength and bending strength tests were performed in accordance with the ASTM D-638 and the ASTM D-790 standards, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the variation of the matrix is very influential on the tensile strength and bending strength of composite materials. Keywords: composite material, glass fiber, tensile strength, bending strength  Abstrak Penggunaan material komposit mulai banyak dikembangkan di sektor industri trasportasi kereta api di Indone-sia. Sebagai contoh, PT INKA sudah menggunakan material komposit dengan penguat serat gelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan bending material komposit agar dapat diusulkan untuk lebih dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan oleh industri manufaktur, khususnya industri kereta api. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 4 jenis variasi matriks, yaitu epoxy, repoxy, polyester, dan bhispenol dengan menggunakan penguat serat gelas. Pengujian kekuatan tarik menggunakan standar ASTM D-638 dan pengujian bending menggunakan standar ASTM D-790. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi matriks sangat berpengaruh pada kekuatan tarik maupun kekuatan bending material komposit. Kata-kata kunci: material komposit, serat gelas, kekuatan tarik, kekuatan bendin

Analisis Penambahan Coupling Agent terhadap Sifat Tarik Biokomposit Kulit Waru (Hibiscus Tiliaceus)-Polyester

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect addition of silane coupling agents of Waru bast-polyester composite on tensile strength. Biocomposite is an innovation in material engineering made from the environment-friendly and potentially-developed bast fibers of Waru tree. Waru bast fibers, as reinforcement, were prepared by alkali procces employing using 6% NaOH solution for 120 minutes and then were added coupling agent with variation of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%. The biocomposite was formed by continuous fiber arrangement using 60:40 fiber-matrix mass fractions with vacuum pressure resin infusion method. Tensile test specimens were formulated base ASTM D638-03 standard. Biocomposite investigation was performed by tensile test, while bond quality observation utilized use micro photo. The results of the study show that the highest strength of biocomposite was 401,368 Mpa on the silane coupling agent addition0.75