Analysis and forecast of performance characteristics of combine harvesters

ArticleThis article presents results of an experimental research of qualitative indicators of the modern combine harvesters (Case IH Axil Flow 8230, MasseyFergusonMFT7, JohnDeereS680i, ClaasLexion760, NewHolland CR9.80) used for winter wheat harvesting. Based on the results obtained, determination was made regarding the productivity of combine harvesters on the field, fuel consumption, and field conditions influence the grain loss and grain damage caused by a harvester. When conducting the experimental research of a combine's performance on the field a study of the effectiveness of the combine JohnDeereS680i was made on different modes. A program 'Machine Unit', designed by the authors, was used for the determination of productivity, fuel consumption and quality indicator for harvesting

Endocannabinoid system alterations in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of human studies

Studies investigating alterations of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans have reported inconsistent findings so far. We performed a systematic review of studies examining alterations of the ECS specifically within humans with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including neuroimaging studies, studies of serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and post-mortem studies. We attempted to identify reported changes in the expression and activity of: cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2; anandamide (AEA); 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL); fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH); and transient receptor potential cation channel V1 (TRPV1). Twenty-two studies were identified for inclusion. Mixed findings were reported for most aspects of the ECS in AD, making it difficult to identify a particular profile of ECS alterations characterising AD. The included studies tended to be small, methodologically heterogeneous, and frequently did not control for important potential confounders, such as pathological progression of AD. Eight studies correlated ECS alterations with neuropsychometric performance measures, though studies infrequently examined behavioural and neuropsychiatric correlates. PROSPERO database identifier: CRD42018096249

Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by GSM phones on working memory: a meta-analysis

Background and Objective: Current treatments for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) do not affect the course of the illness and brain stimulation techniques are increasingly promoted as potential therapeutic inter-ventions for AD. This study reviews the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure versus sham exposure on working memory (WM) performance of healthy human participants. Method: Online literature databases and previous systematic reviews were searched for studies of EMF and WM in participants without reported memory problems. Two thousand eight hundred and fifty seven studies were identified, and 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. An assessment of study quality was completed, and separate, random effects meta-analyses were conducted for each of the three WM tasks included: n-back, substitution and digit span forward. Results: No differences were found between participants exposed to active EMF versus sham conditions in any of the three working memory tasks examined. Conclusion: Results indicate that EMF does not affect WM during the n-back, substitution and digit-span tasks. Future studies should focus on the possible effects of chronic exposure to EMF in older adults with AD using a battery of comparable WM and attention tasks, before EMF can be seriously considered as a potential modulator of WM in AD

Light Scattering from Volcanic-Sand Particles in Deposited and Aerosol Form

The light-scattering properties of volcanic sand collected in Iceland are studied here to characterize the sand particles and develop a reference for future remote-sensing observations. While such sand is common in Iceland, the smaller-size fraction can be readily transported by winds and found in the atmosphere at distant locations. The sand appears dark when deposited on a surface due to the high optical absorption of the material. Therefore, atmospheric regions containing such particles during a dust storm may absorb sunlight considerably, causing redistribution of solar energy. Here, we measure the angular scattered-light intensity and degree of linear polarization from the sand. This is done with two experimental apparatuses, the Cosmic Dust Laboratory (CoDuLab) at the Institute de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) and the goniospectropolarimeter (FIGIFIGO) at the Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI). Two scattering-scenarios of practical interest for remote-sensing applications are considered: (1) single sand-particles suspended in aerosol as an optically thin cloud, and (2) the same particles deposited on a substrate. We also model the measurements with the discrete dipole approximation to estimate the complex-valued refractive index m, where we find that m ≈ 1.6 + 0.01i at λ = 647 nm. Lastly, we present a comparative analysis of the polarimetric response of the sand particles with that reported in the literature for carbon-soot, another highly absorbing atmospheric contaminant. © 2019.This research was partially supported by the Academy of Finland Project no. 260027 and the COST Action MP1104 “Polarization as a tool to study the Solar System and beyond”. NZ acknowledges Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation for the research travel support. This work also has been partially supported by contracts AYA2015-67152-R and RTI2018-095330-B-I00 . We thank P. Dagsson Waldhauserová, O. Arnalds, A. Virkkula, O. Meinander, and J. Svensson for their help obtaining the samples and for relevant discussions. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS). We also would like to thank reviewers for their constructive reviews

Технология проектирования нового туристического продукта в современных условиях

В статье представлена технология проектирования нового туристического продукта исходя из практики функционирования туристического предприятия. Приведена статистика въездного и выездного туристического потока в Республике Беларусь. Обозначены новые программы страхования выезжающих на отдых туристов в условиях Covid-19

The Spectral Signature of Dust Scattering and Polarization in the Near IR to Far UV. I. Optical Depth and Geometry Effects

Spectropolarimetry from the near IR to the far UV of light scattered by dust provides a valuable diagnostic of the dust composition, grain size distribution and spatial distribution. To facilitate the use of this diagnostic, we present detailed calculations of the intensity and polarization spectral signature of light scattered by optically thin and optically thick dust in various geometries. The polarized light radiative transfer calculations are carried out using the adding-doubling method for a plane-parallel slab, and are extended to an optically thick sphere by integrating over its surface. The calculations are for the Mathis, Rumple & Nordsieck Galactic dust model, and cover the range from 1 $\mu m$ to 500 \AA. We find that the wavelength dependence of the scattered light intensity provides a sensitive probe of the optical depth of the scattering medium, while the polarization wavelength dependence provides a probe of the grain scattering properties, which is practically independent of optical depth. We provide a detailed set of predictions, including polarization maps, which can be used to probe the properties of dust through imaging spectropolarimetry in the near IR to far UV of various Galactic and extragalactic objects. In a following paper we use the codes developed here to provide predictions for the dependence of the intensity and polarization on grain size distribution and composition.Comment: 29 pages + 21 figures, accepted for the Astrophysical Journal Supplement February 2000 issue. Some revision, mostly in the introduction and the conclusions, and a couple of correction

Selective 5HT3 antagonists and sensory processing: A systematic review

Ondansetron is a selective serotonin (5HT3) receptor antagonist that is under evaluation as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia, and a novel treatment for hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease. Ondansetron reverses sensory gating deficits and improves visuoperceptual processing in animal models of psychosis, but it is unclear to what extent preclinical findings have been replicated in humans. We systematically reviewed human studies that evaluated the effects of ondansetron and other 5HT3 receptor antagonists on sensory gating deficits or sensory processing. Of 11 eligible studies, eight included patients with schizophrenia who were chronically stable on antipsychotic medication; five measured sensory gating using the P50 suppression response to a repeated auditory stimulus; others included tests of visuoperceptual function. Three studies in healthy participants included tests of visuoperceptual and sensorimotor function. A consistent and robust finding (five studies) was that ondansetron and tropisetron (5HT3 antagonist and α7-nicotinic receptor partial agonist) improved sensory gating in patients with schizophrenia. Tropisetron also improved sustained visual attention in non-smoking patients. There was inconsistent evidence of the effects of 5HT3 antagonists on other measures of sensory processing, but interpretation was limited by the small number of studies, methodological heterogeneity and the potential confounding effects of concomitant medication in patients. Despite these limitations, we found strong evidence that selective 5HT3 antagonists (with or without direct α7-nicotinic partial agonist effects) improved sensory gating. Future studies should investigate how this relates to potential improvement in neurocognitive symptoms in antipsychotic naive patients with prodromal or milder symptoms, in order to understand the clinical implications

Management of Efficiency and Competitiveness of Enterprises

In the era of globalization and internationalization of the economy, the only criterion for efficiency and effectiveness of economic entities is competitiveness. Ensuring the competitiveness of economic entities in the international market in a global pandemic has become especially important. Globalization is a defining feature of the world economy, and economies’ dependence on foreign markets is growing. Thus, the development of global competition necessitates the development of economic strategies aimed at improving the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. The authors proposed organizational and financial principles of ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise, information, and analytical tools for controlling the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises, identified and demonstrated the logic of harmonizing business management goals using analytical tools for managing the efficiency of the enterprise and developed methods for integrated assessment of enterprise competitiveness. Techniques of statistical, economic, and financial analysis were used in the study; used research methods: grouping, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc