Contrastes de bondad de ajuste

Introducción al contraste de bondad de ajuste y métodos no paramétricos

Evaluación continua y autoevaluación como herramientas de aprendizaje

En el contexto actual, en los planes de estudio de los grados se incluye la evaluación continua como parte fundamental de la evaluación. En este trabajo se resumen las principales conclusiones y aspectos destacados del debate de los trabajos presentados en la mesa 12 de comunicaciones orales de las Jornadas de Redes de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria desarrollada en la Universidad de Alicante durante los días 3 y 4 de Julio de 2014. Entre las herramientas que han mostrado resultados positivos en las encuestas al alumnado está la autoevaluación en sus distintas formas. Además, resulta de utilidad en diversos tipos de asignaturas, siempre con resultados destacables, y permite adecuarse al número de alumnos o alumnas matriculadas, tanto para grupos pequeños como numerosos. La autoevaluación se aprecia como herramienta de evaluación y también de aprendizaje. Asimismo, se ha enfatizado el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje

Community attributes determine facilitation potential in a semi-arid steppe

Studies on positive plant–plant relations have traditionally focused on pair-wise interactions. Conversely, the interaction with other co-occurring species has scarcely been addressed, despite the fact that the entire community may affect plant performance. We used woody vegetation patches as models to evaluate community facilitation in semi-arid steppes. We characterized biotic and physical attributes of 53 woody patches (patch size, litter accumulation, canopy density, vegetation cover, species number and identity, and phylogenetic distance), and soil fertility (organic C and total N), and evaluated their relative importance for the performance of seedlings of Pistacia lentiscus, a keystone woody species in western Mediterranean steppes. Seedlings were planted underneath the patches, and on their northern and southern edges. Woody patches positively affected seedling survival but not seedling growth. Soil fertility was higher underneath the patches than elsewhere. Physical and biotic attributes of woody patches affected seedling survival, but these effects depended on microsite conditions. The composition of the community of small shrubs and perennial grasses growing underneath the patches controlled seedling performance. An increase in Stipa tenacissima and a decrease in Brachypodium retusum increased the probability of survival. The cover of these species and other small shrubs, litter depth and community phylogenetic distance, were also related to seedling survival. Seedlings planted on the northern edge of the patches were mostly affected by attributes of the biotic community. These traits were of lesser importance in seedlings planted underneath and in the southern edge of patches, suggesting that constraints to seedling establishment differed within the patches. Our study highlights the importance of taking into consideration community attributes over pair-wise interactions when evaluating the outcome of ecological interactions in multi-specific communities, as they have profound implications in the composition, function and management of semi-arid steppes.This research has been funded by project UNCROACH (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; CGL2011-30581-C02-01), projects RECUVES and ESTRES (Spanish Ministry of the Environment, Rural and Marine Areas; 077/RN08/04.1and 063/SGTB/2007/7.1), project GRACCIE (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program;CSD2007-00067) and Generalitat Valenciana (Programa G. Forteza;FPA/2009/029)

Open business intelligence: on the importance of data quality awareness in user-friendly data mining

Citizens demand more and more data for making decisions in their daily life. Therefore, mechanisms that allow citizens to understand and analyze linked open data (LOD) in a user-friendly manner are highly required. To this aim, the concept of Open Business Intelligence (OpenBI) is introduced in this position paper. OpenBI facilitates non-expert users to (i) analyze and visualize LOD, thus generating actionable information by means of reporting, OLAP analysis, dashboards or data mining; and to (ii) share the new acquired information as LOD to be reused by anyone. One of the most challenging issues of OpenBI is related to data mining, since non-experts (as citizens) need guidance during preprocessing and application of mining algorithms due to the complexity of the mining process and the low quality of the data sources. This is even worst when dealing with LOD, not only because of the different kind of links among data, but also because of its high dimensionality. As a consequence, in this position paper we advocate that data mining for OpenBI requires data quality-aware mechanisms for guiding non-expert users in obtaining and sharing the most reliable knowledge from the available LOD

Usefulness of open data to determine the incidence of COVID-19 and its relationship with atmospheric variables in Spain during the 2020 lockdown

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the spread of the COVID-19 disease led to a lockdown being imposed in Spain to minimise contagion from 16 March 2020 to 1 May 2020. Over this period, measures were taken to reduce population mobility (a key factor in disease transmission). The scenario thus created enabled us to examine the impact of factors other than mobility (in this case, meteorological conditions) on the incidence of the disease, and thus to identify which environmental variables played the biggest role in the pandemic's evolution. Worthy of note, the data required to perform the study was entirely extracted from governmental open data sources. The present work therefore demonstrates the utility of such data to conduct scientific research of interest to society, leading to studies that are also fully reproducible. The results revealed a relationship between temperatures and the spread of COVID-19. The trend was that of a slightly lower disease incidence as the minimum temperature rises, i.e. the lower the minimum temperature, the greater the number of cases. Furthermore, a link was found between the incidence of the disease and other variables, such as altitude and proximity to the sea. There were no indications, however, in the study's data, of a relationship between incidence and precipitation or wind.This work is funded by GVA-COVID19/2021/103 project from “Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana”

La evaluación por pares aplicado al proceso de aprendizaje en un escenario de evaluación continua

Dentro del marco de educación superior se ha apostado por una docencia basada en la evaluación continua, forzando, de alguna manera, al alumnado, a llevar la asignatura al día, y al profesorado, a reinventar la metodología de evaluación. Desde la asignatura de Estadística, cursada en primero de grado de Ciencias del Mar y Biología, se incorporó la resolución de problemas a lo largo del curso como parte de dicha evaluación continua. Con el objetivo de que el alumnado asuma responsabilidades en el proceso de aprendizaje, mejorando la actitud ante un método de evaluación continua, se incorporó la evaluación por pares para la corrección de cada uno de los problemas. Esta metodología de evaluación conlleva que el alumnado tenga que consultar durante el curso los problemas resueltos, estar atento a la evolución de la asignatura, resolver sus dudas y llevar la asignatura al día. El resultado obtenido es que esta metodología de aprendizaje y evaluación por pares ayuda en el proceso de autoaprendizaje, mejora la adquisición de conocimiento, su aplicación reflexiva y crítica a problemas reales. Además, mejora su participación y grado de compromiso a lo largo de todo el proceso

S3Mining: A model-driven engineering approach for supporting novice data miners in selecting suitable classifiers

Data mining has proven to be very useful in order to extract information from data in many different contexts. However, due to the complexity of data mining techniques, it is required the know-how of an expert in this field to select and use them. Actually, adequately applying data mining is out of the reach of novice users which have expertise in their area of work, but lack skills to employ these techniques. In this paper, we use both model-driven engineering and scientific workflow standards and tools in order to develop named S3Mining framework, which supports novice users in the process of selecting the data mining classification algorithm that better fits with their data and goal. To this aim, this selection process uses the past experiences of expert data miners with the application of classification techniques over their own datasets. The contributions of our S3Mining framework are as follows: (i) an approach to create a knowledge base which stores the past experiences of experts users, (ii) a process that provides the expert users with utilities for the construction of classifiers? recommenders based on the existing knowledge base, (iii) a system that allows novice data miners to use these recommenders for discovering the classifiers that better fit for solving their problem at hand, and (iv) a public implementation of the framework?s workflows. Finally, an experimental evaluation has been conducted to shown the feasibility of our framework

Plataforma Tecnológica de Datos Abiertos Universitarios (OpenData4U)

La plataforma tecnológica de datos abiertos universitarios (OpenData4U) permite la publicación de datos abiertos de una universidad, así como su acceso de manera que se potencie su reutilización (a través de un portal de datos abiertos y de un API para desarrolladores), a la vez que se permite disponer de un portal de transparencia para una acceso fácil a los datos de manera comprensible por cualquier persona. Esta es la plataforma que usa la Universidad de Alicante en su proyecto de datos abiertos y transparencia. Puedes acceder al código en https://github.com/UAdato

Seguimiento del grado de ciencias del mar 13-14

Con la implantación del 4º curso del grado en Ciencias del Mar, que se ha realizado en el presente curso académico, se han completado los cuatro cursos del grado. En la Facultad de Ciencias se han constituido ocho comisiones de semestre, en las que participan profesores de todos los departamentos que imparten docencia en la titulación y la Comisión de Grado, formada por los coordinadores de las comisiones de semestre que, a su vez, forman parte de una red docente para el seguimiento del grado. Desde estas comisiones se está realizando un intenso trabajo cooperativo cuyo objetivo es alcanzar una coherencia tanto en la distribución de contenidos, como en las metodologías docentes y de evaluación de las materias que componen el plan de estudios del Grado en Ciencias del Mar de la Universidad de Alicante. La coordinación horizontal entre semestres de un mismo curso y la coordinación vertical entre cursos forman parte de las tareas que se desarrollan. Los resultados de este trabajo permiten identificar las deficiencias en el proceso de implantación y plantear posibles propuestas de mejora en la organización docente de la titulación